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ding of how knowledge was liberated in terms of liberalism from a solidified and homogenous classical paradigm but was paradoxically not freed from a similarly homogenous idea of the new universality the markets of knowledge this means that knowledge has became dominated by one epistemological trend not physics nor philosophy but economy one could call this the great economizing process of knowledge most notably this has happened in the humanistic sciences and to something we call a human being the subject or the self economization of the self as i argued in the last section the process of economization proceeds together with an emancipative liberation process where old meanings are re evaluated and new ones constructed this kind of liberation process of the western subject has happened on two levels first a promise of liberty has been classically granted throughout financial success and consumption arbeit macht frei second it has happened on the level of identity which the euro american intelligentsia has been actively recording since the early 20th century paradoxically the latter has often been theorized by the same thinkers that criticize the former one in the end these two ideas have very little difference criticism of financial liberty can be summarized as concealing an idea of capitalistic exploitation like marxists should say it does not really liberate anyone but this discussion is overdone and not so important here what i am more interested in is the liberation process of the human being or the subject that has been a big project of left and right liberals since the 19th century which was addressed against all reactionary forces and conservative normativeness this process has been very important in many senses but still fundamentally a dramatic failure in terms of constituting the macro economic idea of humanity that the liberation of science did for knowledge by declaring everybody s equality the liberation of the subject ended up by assuming universal human worth as a basic value and the idea of equality as a fundamental starting point for normativeness and comparison this general valorization of the human has separated each subject from all subjective qualities and transformed the idea of the human into something that is comparable to currency even every human will wear and erode with time but retain the same value just like a ten euro bill to study what the basic unit of human worth is one just need take a brief look at the most bare and unveiled persons of the society those who have no signification or status other than their species combining this notion with an observation that the liberation project developed inside an economizing world using economic terms and discourses we can see how good hearted liberalism created a subject that has to be invested in the market to succeed and gain more value in order to be something the problem lies in the very idea of liberty itself that is more an operational environment than quality of the self even clever thinkers like michel foucault could not really avoid this kind of economism when he said that the modern subject should become un objet d art 5 art is definitely a commodity that exists in markets also some early radical nihilists as sergej netjajev were trapped in the same conception for netjajev a revolutionary should be seen as revolutionary capital that should of course be spent as economically as possible in order to derive from it the greatest possible profit 6 as he did himself by telling his comrades to kill tsar alexander ii of russia instead of spending their time on trying to free him from prison one could ask what is wrong with the liberty of free markets and answer with the criticism that an equal basis for subjects and free markets has never existed these ideas bring the topic closer to the analysis of the true meaning of the crisis that i will present in the next section first of all it is important to notice that there are some differences between left and right liberalism but even more important to recognize is that there is also a lot in common a quarrel about communalizing or freeing the markets is less important since both of them are trying to establish a freed but economic subject aiming at universality and productivism second one should not confuse liberal theories with liberalism as a political project the former is an incompetent salvation doctrine among many others and basically used to legitimate the latter practically the latter does not correspond with liberal theory as it has been historically established through dictatorship i e pinochet s chile and the soviet union a strong bureaucratic state social democrat scandinavia or global authorities like wto world bank nato and so on the governments of reagan and thatcher these political projects have not been free nor liberal but were certainly economic despite all the great efforts of left wing liberalism the idea of economy itself has become almost identical to right wing liberalism as the economic epistemology that the idea implied supports mainly right wing values this is why strong polarized political divisions in mainstream politics do not really exist anywhere in europe the new left can somehow make it out after a big step towards the liberal right by accepting the same economic discourse but in the end the problem of economization stays more or less the same and seems to work for the right liberals or alternatively for neo fascist ideologies as its defective negation in spite of the anti liberal agenda of fascism that seriously contradicts the liberal theory fascism seems to benefit pragmatic political liberalism which needs some sort of social darwinism and totalitarianism to maintain the free market ideology this explains the close relations of the liberal right and neo fascists like reactionary ideologies economization is based on an inadequate interpretation of the real world and the subjects and suggests artificial universalism or naturalism and needs strong and repressive power mechanisms to exist this is not only the case with market liberalism but the liberal idea of the self as well both just use different tactics of power as aristotle already noted markets even free markets are based on law and do not function without the classical legislative and repressive powers state justice police army and different technologies of control consequently the liberal subject controls itself by self control to be able to succeed in the market of identities one has to adapt certain successful presentations and trends of the self like sexuality gender style diet ideology religion nation class and so on that we better know as identity politics liberty surely opens a theoretical path to creativity and real variation but practically competition and unavoidable privileges that the system requires to be maintained seem to restrain the diversity and liberty of each person together these two spheres of power external and internal constitute something comparable to the deleuzean concept of control that is all inclusive this is a fairly good representation of how economic hegemony works even though i don t agree with the totality of the idea of deleuze economy of crises now i have defined economy as a comprehensive epistemological system including not merely business as usual but a great deal of knowledge and the subject as well i have explained how the project of liberalism has incorporated the whole economic discourse into right wing ideology and how the economy operates on two different levels of repression external and internal from this position we can finally make some observations about so called economic crisis the first and most prominent note is that economy as an interpretation of reality is not in crisis nor is the process of economization economic crisis would literally mean that everyday reality would correspond less and less to economic thinking and this indifference would derail the idea of economy into crisis what we have seen in the last century is quite the contrary and the current crisis is just one example of that by intimidating people with poverty crisis draws them even closer to utilitarianism competition and markets in favour of even harsher economization so if the economy still works well where is the error and what is the source of growing anxiety and suffering what is the idea that does not correspond anymore with everyday reality i would say that there is no error anxiety and misery are just a result of bad economic success and what does not correspond with reality is the optimistic economic idealism that has become the dominant ideology during the period of economic growth financial success created a misconception that surplus and economy are synonyms even though the success is just one side of the coin economy as a doctrine of salvation bears fruit only in circumstances of economic growth this deduction is surely cynical and sad but it strictly follows the logic of economy however it opens an interesting philosophical view that partly explains why the hegemony of economy is so strong and all inclusive that even the collapse of idealism does not destroy it in the crisis the discipline of economy is able to combine spiritual and material spheres that some philosophies have classically divided this happens through internal and external power but before i go into details the theory needs some preparation it seems that there is something specific about the current crisis it is happening at an historical moment when the business economy has already consumed a big part of its own material bases mainly oil and phosphor and created noteworthy environmental problems that cannot be ignored much longer there is plenty of discussion about the material imbalance between the demand and supply of fossil fuel and the critical state of climate soil and water resources as one of the causes of the current global crisis this was surely to be expected as the essence of economy is unlimited competition and success even early economists as thomas malthus predicted this already at the end of the 18th century however this reality gives a special character to this ongoing crisis in comparison to other historical crises if i m wrong here and some new resources are found it does not really matter since the dynamics and direction of economy will explode and consume them anyway by saying this i do not mean that we have an economic and environmental imperative to act upon no just that these are only the conditions of the economy what this means in practice is that some sort of optimistic expansion of wealth has stopped and the invisible hand that was supposed to self regulate the markets in order to benefit the whole society has become paralyzed if it ever existed from now on surplus is a privilege for fewer and fewer people simply because of material reasons however what the crisis is proving against common optimism is that surplus is necessary for creativity and imagination day to day hunger and the struggle for survival in this economic condition does not leave much space for daydreaming and creativity has surely become more worldly purposeful and economic than ever in modern times unemployment does not just mean more free time like it meant during the times of the wealthy social welfare state it is important to make clear that poverty and suffering are not based on real shortages of food houses and other wealth it is the economy which establishes the order and controls material resources human activities and the distribution of things under other circumstances there would not be this kind of scarcity but let s go back to the current crisis what is happening now is that lack of surplus pushes the whole project of economy in a more material direction this movement from ideal and theoretical into material and practical is important here in other words during the crisis previously metaphysical economic ideas are clearly becoming hard reality and the situation is forcing people to be truly economic subjects utilitarian competitive calculative and selfish it does not matter if these qualities describe true human nature or whether economic theory is well argued or not economic hegemony does not provide any other choices this is guaranteed by bureaucrats tax officers cops and judges and the little economist inside our heads who commands us to calculate and prioritize and this is how spiritual and material become one the tools are repression and violence and the result the totality of one truth as we have seen during the crisis the materialization of the imaginary or of metaphysics enforces economic order and rearranges power relations the period of financial surplus that started around the 18th century established metaphysical ethical idealistic and imaginative power structures it surely takes a lot of imagination and idealism to unify a diversity of people into a nation nation state or proletariat and all these entities had a significant share in political power however austerity policy shows how old divisions of power nation state voters labor movements and unions are losing their share of power to global free market organizations corporations and supranational powers like wto imf nato and eu the state that used to be sovereign is mainly a tool of governing for the desires of the new sovereignty here we should remember the classical anarchist criticism of the nation state parliamentarianism democracy class division and all other structures and declare that while the new normality is bad the previous was not good either despite the materialization of economized reality all kinds of philosophy and idealism are still possible but the important thing is that they have less and less effectivity unfortunately to establish new epistemologies or even destroy the existing one needs some non utilitarian creativity imagination and daydreaming the alternatives that we now and then hear of are more or less different reproductions of existing economic hegemony in brief an economic solution marxism national socialism keynesianism third way degrowth transition movement techno utopias or even collectivism syndicalism or federalism might rehabilitate the doctrine of salvation for a period but cannot deal with the fundamental question that is not technical but epistemological it is all about how we understand humanity and the world so let us summarize the previous the crisis is one convention of economization a new form of economic control and the new normality that is why the term economic crisis is misleading economy of crisis describes the situation best what happens in the crisis is that the idealistic economy will be violently transformed into pragmatic economy violently through poverty and repression by doing so economic metaphysics and imagination will become the material hard reality this creates a degenerative closed circuit that as we can see everywhere wears away knowledge ethics and environment ...