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exceptions the plants are fundamentally one or the other often side by side or if transplanted there are occasional combo color individuals some have mostly greenish young leaves and increasingly silver older more exposed older leaves and intermediates are not rare let s just say whatever the underlying toggle may be it seems both simple and imperfect for present purposes what matters is that any population can spawn mixtures photos by john bradford what causes the silver grainy wax coating what good is that i m not aware of any such research for saw palmetto itself common on other palms bismarck for example and on many other plants botanists generally regard the wax as protection scrub dwelling sun scorched uv mutated wind blown sand blasted salt burned fungal attacked bug eaten saw palmetto is easily imagined as benefiting from a protective coating important to note the protection is probably not from heat itself and that now invites the big questions if the a wax job is terrifically protective on porches and saw palmettos why aren t all the saw palmettos silvery waxy there must be a downside what could that be plants use evaporation from the leaves to draw water up from below and for evaporative cooling wax would probably diminish evaporation so then if protection is good but evaporation blockage is bad why don t the shrubs compromise on a single sweet spot with optimal waxiness i think the species makes the two forms to cover all contingencies mother palm says if some of my babies are waxy tough while others are better at staying cool some will prosper no matter what for those who like terms if all this blah blah blah is true a textbook would dub it balanced polymorphism aka hedge your bet evidence mighty meagre in the literature but i ve been clipping temperature recorders to saw palmetto fronds my case may not be strong enough for conviction and messy data are not completely consistent probably influenced by soil water and who knows what but look at the three graphs below the first two show leaf temperatures over spans of hours silver lines silver fronds green for green because the first two graphs were deliberately selected i added the third graph with all my readings to keep me honest silver fronds above the red line green below it the general trend seems to be this at lower temperatures the green and silver remain close in temperature or the green slightly cooler in other words at lower temperatures the wax seems to offer its general purpose protection without impairing cooling must be worth having but under hot circumstances silver heats up hotter than green when the heat is on the wax apparently interferes with cooling so green fares better when hot and silver fares better when not maybe silver leaves above the red line green below it orange ellipse highlights hot silver leaves at hot temperatures link to john bradford s web collection john combined much of his work into this site https tcbradford wordpress com link to grass site which has a couple glitches www floridagrassesandsedges net john s and my blog this week share on x opens in new window x share on facebook opens in new window facebook email a link to a friend opens in new window email print opens in new window print share on pdf opens in new window pdf like loading 3 comments posted by george rogers on may 1 2026 in uncategorized tags balanced polymorphy saw palmetto serenoa john bradford 1941 2026 25 apr the native plant community has lost a superb botanist naturalist and photographer and i ve lost a 20 some year collaborator and wonderful friend john bradford passed away peacefully on april 24 after a spell of illness john was utterly unique in his razor sharp knowledge of plants photographic talents enthusiasm for nature and it wasn t all greens his nature realm extended to birds frogs and a special warm spot for spiders john tackled the local flora shortly after relocating with his wife dee from grand cayman to jensen beach in the 90s his first steps being botany classes at the university of florida ft pierce after learning all they had to teach the professors suggested he drop by palm beach state college because we conducted weekly native plant field trips he took that advice and rapidly became an integral component of those excursions then he proceeded to help us set up a small herbarium and started building a photo collection central to illustrating classroom curriculum materials that was just a beginning not only did john contribute photos but he acquired a knowledge of botany on a par with professional botanists we turned out to be natural collaborators and worked jointly on too many projects to list including wildflower guide booklets a grass and sedge website revision of a weed booklet an online native plants class a research paper on butterworts and plenty more he suggested starting the present blog to document our weekly fieldtrips maybe 40 trips a year x 20 years john on his own developed website photo and video guides to most of the local natural areas his knowledge and abilities exceeded those of many prominent naturalists but he disdained self promotion and did not enjoy public speaking nor did he enjoy writing despite being a fine author if coerced like many highly talented people doing what he enjoyed was the reward with little fanfare john s photos appear in a lot of publications and websites john had an unusual bragging right many people find county record plant occurrences those may warrant sending a specimen to a museum a state record can result in a journal article national records are rare in the u s john had a continental record we were working in halpatioke park in stuart and john had compiled a chart of useful identification characteristics for some local grasses he encountered a specimen that did not fit his chart my erroneous reaction was shoehorn it into one of those species in typical adamant fashion john contended that failure to fit was cause for action so we sent a sample to a specialist at the missouri botanical garden who determined it to be the first finding of steinchisma laxa in north america perhaps a seed arrival on hurricane wilma this is not the place for an obituary but some readers might be interested in knowing that john wasn t all just nature and cameras few folks know that in the army he recovered and repaired disabled army tanks in germany and that young john was a race car driver pit crew chief and scuba diver more recently he hand constructed artistic wood framed stables and similar buildings for rural clients with such tastes and if you had any mechanical or home maintenance problem or a question about formula 1 his advice was solid john bradford was absolutely one of a kind and speaking of kind he was that as well he proved that brilliant talents with a modest ego can fill the largest shoes in a separate blog will appear links to john s on line legacy john s and my blog this week share on x opens in new window x share on facebook opens in new window facebook email a link to a friend opens in new window email print opens in new window print share on pdf opens in new window pdf like loading 19 comments posted by george rogers on april 25 2026 in uncategorized different styles of swamp dwelling straight to the point or hedge your bets 17 apr the blog today is not about cypress trees but let s wade there first as a step into swamp tree shapes back in 1987 georgia biologist howard neufeld wrote a fascinating article about bald cypress and pond cypress his observation was that pond cypresses tend to be taller for any given trunk diameter to have fewer branches and to have leaves along the branches as opposed to toward the branch ends and broader based by contrast bald cypress is stockier more branched with the leaves more concentrated toward the branch tips and not broadened so much basally as neufeld saw it the thinner more conic pond cypress was less costly to build fewer smaller everything less prone to sun stress and more drought tolerant by having simpler and overall less plumbing the more conical shape allows nice even filtered light deeper into the tree and allows the lower branches good illumination neufeld interpreted pond cypress to have evolved frombig domineering muscular bald cypress as a lighter nimble cousin in changing drier habitats as opposed to competing massive single species stands in plenty of water thus inspired as a semi swamp dweller today i was messing around in a swamp near the southern limit of the beautiful loblolly bay sharing its cottonmouths with large dahoon hollies both species rise up above the dense swamp canopy and when the hollies and bays get above the lower canopy their shapes contrast reminiscent of the cypress situation dahoon holly is the bald cypress copycat comparatively hunky highly branched and irregular in shape to the point loblolly loblolly bay rises like space x pointed and conic it seems to punch aggressively through the understory with one thought get above shade undistracted so purposeful and when it achieves that purpose its base can broaden and expose those big glossy leaves to photosynthesis the holly does ok too in its own more cautious fashion it tilts this way then tries another investing in multiple trunks and branches at all angles experimenting and exploring obstacles competitors sunspots openings and shadows sort of resembles human affairs rush brashly to the goal and you might win with luck in an ideal place and time on the other hand if you bob and weave you might win in diverse suboptimal places and times wonder if the tree shapes have anything to do with loblolly bays living confined to a few particular habitats dahoon holly wangling into more diverse circumstances even though their overall geographic ranges are the same fun fact loblolly bay is in the tea family and dahoon holly is an historical source of yaupon teas different styles of swamp dwelling straight to the point or hedge your bets the blog today is not about cypress trees but let s wade there first as a step into swamp tree shapes back in 1987 georgia biologist howard neufeld wrote a fascinating article about bald cypress and pond cypress his observation was that pond cypresses tend to be taller for any given trunk diameter to have fewer branches and to have leaves along the branches as opposed to toward the branch ends and broader based by contrast bald cypress is stockier more branched with the leaves more concentrated toward the branch tips and not broadened so much basally as neufeld saw it the thinner more conic pond cypress was less costly to build fewer smaller everything less prone to sun stress and more drought tolerant by having simpler and overall less plumbing the more conical shape allows nice even filtered light deeper into the tree and allows the lower branches good illumination neufeld interpreted pond cypress to have evolved frombig domineering muscular bald cypress as a lighter nimble cousin in changing drier habitats as opposed to competing massive single species stands in plenty of water thus inspired as a semi swamp dweller today i was messing around in a swamp near the southern limit of the beautiful loblolly bay sharing its cottonmouths with large dahoon hollies both species rise up above the dense swamp canopy and when the hollies and bays get above the lower canopy their shapes contrast reminiscent of the cypress situation dahoon holly is the bald cypress copycat comparatively hunky highly branched and irregular in shape loblolly bay rises like space x pointed and conic it seems to punch aggressively through the understory with one thought get above shade undistracted so purposeful and when it achieves that purpose its base can broaden and expose those big glossy leaves to photosynthesis the holly does ok too in its own more cautious fashion it tilts this way then tries another investing in multiple trunks and branches at all angles experimenting and exploring obstacles competitors sunspots openings and shadows dahoon exploring its options sort of resembles human affairs rush brashly to the goal and you might win with luck in an ideal place and time on the other hand if you bob and weave you might win in diverse suboptimal places and times wonder if the tree shapes have anything to do with loblolly bays living confined to a few particular habitats dahoon holly wangling into more diverse circumstances even though their overall geographic ranges are the same fun fact loblolly bay is in the tea family and dahoon holly is an historical source of yaupon teas john s and my blog this week share on x opens in new window x share on facebook opens in new window facebook email a link to a friend opens in new window email print opens in new window print share on pdf opens in new window pdf like loading leave a comment posted by george rogers on april 17 2026 in uncategorized older posts authors john bradford george rogers george rogers dee staley browse by subject browse by 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