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enage son with autism and she had been looking for ways to make health care facilities more accessible to others on the spectrum who often find them overwhelming as a result they seek medical services less frequently than their peers do and are sicker when they do show up when the mix group first started talking about the pandemic on a video call the overlap between the anxiety everyone was feeling in public spaces and the anxiety people with autism already feel in those same environments was striking and the consequences were similar too friedlaender noted that hospitals across the country including her e r had seen a stark drop in their overall number of patients who they believe are still experiencing the same health problems but are too afraid to come in the isolation people were suffering while sheltering at home was also familiar to her she said in an early mix meeting people with autism frequently experience loneliness in part because closeness to others tends to make them uncomfortable which often keeps them from crowded places from their perspective you can be physically distant by maintaining space between bodies she told me and more socially engaged that seeming paradox resonated with hansel bauman another mix member for a different reason he told the group as the former campus architect at gallaudet university an institution for students who are deaf and hard of hearing he needed to double any amount of space typically allocated for hearing people to give students more room between one another to sign at gallaudet bauman worked with students and faculty members to come up with deafspace a set of design principles that took into account their needs they did this by filming hallways and cafeterias for example and watching hundreds of hours of interactions there corners in the hearing world he said are not designed to visually anticipate the movement of others sound communicates to hearing people when someone is coming and in the past it didn t matter as much to them if they missed the signals and brushed against one another in the covid world you bump into somebody coming around the corner and they re not wearing a mask bauman went on all of a sudden now there s a potential for infection deafspace recommendations would most likely help strategic sight lines the use of color and light as means of way finding promoting more efficient less reactive movement was he said the kind of thing we ve been wrestling with in deafspace for the last 15 years designing to promote social distancing it seemed could actually make spaces more universally hospitable but it was harder to guess what the overall effect of other covid accommodations might be one thing that has been interesting as more and more articles are being written about covid they don t want the high powered dryers seb choe mix s associate director noted during a design meeting in late may because dryers blow germs around the room the group had added big windows to one of its prototypes to disinfect surfaces with sunlight but bauman pointed out that glare would make it harder for people to see one another making it especially difficult for deaf users to communicate and causing everyone to potentially draw closer together he suggested adding among other things an overhang outside for shade choe pointed out a news story that day that re emphasized the c d c s guidance that the virus is not transmitted as easily through surface contact as it is through the air maybe sunshine wasn t as much of a priority anymore indeed the following week in a washington post op ed joseph allen the director of the healthy buildings program at the harvard t h chan school of public health called for open windows and improved ventilation and suggested 10 feet between people would be better than six this is the conundrum sanders said how do you design with this as a moving target you don t want to lock in dimensions and suppose the way coronavirus is transmitted could be perfectly understood and avoided would that change the hesitation people feel about riding elevators together or using touch screens designers might have to reconcile settled science with people s lingering uneasiness photo illustration by najeebah al ghadban helping clients articulate how a design makes them feel and why is notoriously challenging the way architects get people to tell us what they think about a space is to walk them through the space and say what do you think or we show them pictures sanders told me he wanted to engage people with autism in his design process in part to learn other ways of posing those questions in january along with bauman and friedlaender sanders convened a group of experts including magda mostafa a cairo based architect and the author of autism aspectss a set of design guidelines to discuss ways to understand how people with autism feel about their surroundings in may they met again along with researchers from the center for autism and neurodiversity at jefferson university hospital in philadelphia to continue that discussion while considering how the coronavirus might impact their work my concern friedlaender said is people with autism don t necessarily know how to articulate what they re thinking i don t think we can just depend on their words the group began to brainstorm various ways of engaging people with autism in the design process perhaps participants could experience spaces using virtual reality while researchers monitored their physical reactions sanders wondered aloud whether this might also be a useful way to work with other focus groups on design responses to the pandemic the queens museum had been planning to host a dance for people from a senior center to get their reactions to the space now large gatherings are dangerous and the museum is being transformed into a food distribution center when i think of a space that is covid friendly i think of one that can be quickly closed off joseph mccleery an autism researcher at st joseph s university told the group you have stuff that s available that s maybe in the basement but can be quickly brought out flexibility and agility of space but also compartmentalization of space mostafa said her designs include breakout pods off high traffic areas that can serve as an escape for those who feel overstimulated but she noted they also happen to create spaces with different air circulation occupied by fewer people listening to them describe various approaches to being together while remaining apart it was easy to see how people with autism and other groups that have faced difficulties in the built environment are in a special position to identify creative solutions to the spatial challenges the virus poses and to suggest improvements to pervasive design flaws no one else has identified yet perhaps covid would inspire broader collaborations but fear also has the potential to trigger reactionary responses sanders emphasized this concern every time we spoke he worries that funding earmarked for expanding inclusivity will be diverted toward making existing facilities safer for those they already privilege throughout history he observed the built environment has reflected and reinforced inequality by physically separating one group from another often in the presumed interests of health or safety women only bathrooms so designated by men supposedly preserved their innocence and chastity white only bathrooms separated their users from supposedly less clean black people it s no coincidence that covid 19 has disproportionately sickened and killed members of demographic groups people who are black indigenous and latino who are homeless who are immigrants that have been targets of systemic segregation that increased their vulnerability it s also not hard to imagine the pandemic and a person s relative risk of infection being used to justify new versions of these discriminatory practices who will be demonized sanders said we must not he smacked what sounded like a glass topped table for emphasis repeat the mistakes of the past mabel o wilson a professor of architecture and african american and african diaspora studies at columbia university thinks that covid could be leveraged to remind people that many people don t feel comfortable in public but that doesn t mean it will be my sense is what s going to happen is having clean rooms having greater circulation of air is going to be the purview of the wealthy who can afford it in their homes she says it will be determined by the marketplace and not necessarily be a public amenity a future in which we commingle again is hard to envision right now at the most basic level what must happen for society to resume is this you approach the door of a building open and pass through it and navigate your way to a destination within architects call this critical series of steps an entry sequence a journey throughout which a person is deciding whether to leave or stay toward the end of may marco li a senior associate at mix created plans and 3 d renderings of an entry sequence to a hypothetical campus building that incorporated some of the group s ideas for pandemic adaptations he showed them to sanders bauman and choe over teleconference they had invited a frequent collaborator quemuel arroyo who is a former chief accessibility specialist at the new york city department of transportation and a wheelchair user to critique them over a video call the prototypes were intended to spark discussion about how they might rethink entry sequences for universities as well as museums and health care facilities what architects do well choe told me is providing imagination in terms of designing something that doesn t exist once people see it they can talk about it through the front door in a vestibule one way entry and exit routes were mediated by a planter each side had a hand sanitizing station along the wall a second interior door separated this transition zone from the rest of the building once inside a visitor encountered a wide lobby across it directly ahead an information desk was positioned back to back with a bank of lockers behind that partition were multigender restroom stalls rooms with showers that could be used by caregivers nursing mothers and even bike commuters and prayer rooms and foot washing stations for religious practices motion activated sinks abutted the walkway the space is more of a wellness hub now than a bathroom sanders said so they decided to put it front and center rather than hide it all along the lobby were calm zones delineated by flooring of a different color and texture with flexible seating options becoming particularly important with covid is differentiating bodies at rest from bodies in motion sanders said so that people don t crash into one another defining those areas by color intensity allows people to locate where they need to be in space someone who is avoiding an obstacle or who is confused or lost causes a ripple of unpredictable movements in others social distancing isn t people standing still in space at a dotted line at the grocery store bauman had observed previously it s a dynamic situation arroyo asked about the textural demarcation between areas where people walk and where they sit sanders explained that blind users could feel them with a cane are these detectable edges beveled arroyo asked most people in wheelchairs hate that you want to make sure that s detectable but not a trip hazard he also noted that none of the bathroom sinks were low enough for a seated person in a world of covid and germs being shared my biggest pet peeve is flat surfaces because the water pools he said when he reached for the tap standing water dripped on his lap and wet his sleeves i felt a flash of recognition taking my 5 year old to a public bathroom almost always results in his shirt getting soaked i d imagined other better parents avoided this somehow the relief i felt at learning that this was a problem for someone else that it might be the sink s fault not mine was instructive in thinking about sanders s work which on paper doesn t always register as so starkly different from the places we inhabit now what joel s mission is for mixdesign is to make these goals of inclusivity in the built environment so inevitable that they re not visible says deborah berke the dean of the yale school of architecture and founder of an eponymous design firm in manhattan i would put the visible at where you tack a ramp on the outside of a building and say great we re done we met a d a she told me referring to the americans with disabilities act this is about sending such a fully inclusive message that you don t see it as that it s just a building that works for everybody when we don t notice the built environment it s silently affirming our right to be there our value to society when we do too often it is because it s telling us we don t belong those messages can be so subtle that we don t recognize them for what they are we sleepwalk our way through the world sanders told me unless a building interior is strikingly different or lavish or unusual we are unaware of it covid he added is forcing all of us to be aware of how the design of the built environment dictates how we experience the world and each other developing a covid 19 vaccine what if working from home goes on forever the pandemic and architecture information can be the best medicine kim tingley is a contributing writer for the magazine and the studies show columnist topics have included the potential health impacts of mindfulness sunscreen and diets source photographs for photo illustrations getty images the tech design issue developing a covid 19 vaccine what if working from home goes on forever the pandemic and architecture information can be the best medicine read 23 comments site index go to home page news home page world u s politics election 2020 new york business tech science sports obituaries today s paper corrections opinion 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