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ght model and theory of psi may 4 2015 may 8 2015 john g kruth leave a comment a number of readers have asked how psi or esp works some people have asked whether there is a working model or theory of psi that is used in experimental testing this article is the first of a series of articles discussing a few of the different theories of psi that are currently being discussed by scientists the nature of psi one of the great benefits of being associated with the rhine research center is that i have had the opportunity to spend the last few years visiting with and speaking to dr sally rhine feather the daughter of j b and louisa rhine sally grew up with parapsychology and for the occasion of her 85th birthday her experiences were recently recorded in the short film muggins the memoirs of sally rhine feather sally has a wonderful sense of humor and a unique storytelling ability and her insider perspective on the beginning of the science of parapsychology includes tales of meeting celebrities discussing theories with scientists and even stories about playing esp games at her birthday parties when she was a child sally is a wonderful conversationalist and her charm consists of equal amounts of compassion hospitality intelligence and a lifetime of experience representing her beliefs in the face of tremendous opposition in one of the research team meetings at the rhine where we were discussing the testing of a specific psi phenomenon sally related a conversation that she had with her father where j b rhine told her first you have to catch the rabbit with this statement j b rhine was representing the opinions of many parapsychologists at the time who saw psi as an elusive and rare phenomenon that must be captured before it can be studied one of the goals of parapsychology is to understand the meaning and mechanisms behind psi but before the mechanisms can be studied psi must be captured as a repeatable event in the laboratory where it can be studied in a controlled situation and repeatedly probed to better understand the mechanisms for decades psi was considered rare and elusive and observing psi was similar to capturing lightning in a bottle there was no complete explanation for the elusive nature of psi or the rarity of esp and the lack of an explanation or theory of psi has often been a criticism of parapsychology a theoretic model in 2004 dr jim carpenter 2004 2008 2009 2012 changed the historical approach to psi and parapsychology research when he presented the first sight model and theory of psi dr carpenter is a both a clinical psychologist and a research parapsychologist he is a clinical associate professor in the department of psychiatry of the university of north carolina school of medicine he served two terms on the board of directors of the american academy of clinical psychology and he is the current president of the parapsychological association dr carpenter s first sight model is a complete and comprehensive psychological model that includes the experimental evidence that has been gathered related to psi phenomena and the experiences of individuals who express psi from dr carpenter s website http www drjimcarpenter com about documents firstsightformindfield pdf first sight departs in several important ways from the assumptions about psi that have been implicitly dominant in our understanding for a long time some of the changed assumptions include psi is not unusual or non normal it is a characteristic of all living organisms psi is not rare it is continuously ongoing for each organism psi is not capricious or non replicable it is lawful in its functioning and quite accessible to our efforts to understand it better given appropriate methods psi is not an ability it is a perpetually active aspect of our engagement with reality in very simple terms the essence of the first sight model is that everyone uses psi all of the time just as every person perceives much more of the world than is consciously processed and recognized the first sight model proposes that information is also received unconsciously via psi and this psi information is integrated into the cognitive process which guides our thoughts and our actions this model examines the evolutionary benefits of psi even if it is an unconscious process if unconscious psi provided a momentary indication of a coming danger like an animal about to pounce in the forest a person who responds to a psi message would likely respond more quickly and have an advantage that would increase the chances of survival and hence provide for natural selection of psi perceptions the first sight model provides more than just a theoretical background for psi a large component of the theory is an exploration into the ways that psi may be expressed dr carpenter predicts when psi is likely to surface to consciousness and situations that may suppress the conscious recognition of psi stimuli like many psychological models the theory is a foundation based on experimental results and first sight presents an explanation for human behavior which helps researchers to understand why psi appears to be rare and elusive when it is truly a part of our every thought implications the implications of the first sight model are significant in our understanding of psi and in our approach to the experimental methods used to examine psi events if psi is present in everyone it is not necessary to examine only exceptional individuals or to capture lightning in a bottle according to this model the approach to experimental parapsychology involves finding the correct factors to elicit psi from research participants what environmental factors are necessary to demonstrate psi what psychological characteristics are present in those who recognize psi and express it in laboratory studies how do we measure the unconscious effects of psi as we measure other unconscious psychological effects researchers such as daryl bem 2011 dick bierman 1997 2002 and dean radin 1997 2004 have each done research on presentiment which is a phenomenon similar to precognition but presentiment involves physiological responses that may not register consciously for example do brain waves change in response to future events or will your pupil respond to a bright light before the light has been flashed these researchers and others for example mossbridge tressoldi utts 2012 spottiswoode may 2003 have demonstrated the unconscious nature of psi by examining the physiological reactions in study participants this is just one approach to studying the hypotheses that arise from the first sight model other approaches include studies that examine specific psychological concepts such as sublimation aversion and priming in order to determine if these subconscious processes are affected by psi previous research done in parapsychology supports the first sight model of psi and there are no studies that obviously present evidence that invalidates this psychological model there are many opportunities to test this model and as further studies are completed it will be possible to better evaluate the value and validity of the first sight model of psi this is just a brief summary and overview of the first sight model of psi more information about the model can be found at dr carpenter s website http www drjimcarpenter com about documents firstsightformindfield pdf and the website for the book first sight model and theory of psi http firstsightbook com wp you can also purchase a copy of the book online or at your favorite retailer next week we will examine a different theory about the nature of psi update this article was updated on may 7 2015 in order to better reflect the predictive aspect of the first sight theory and to provide a link to an online bookseller references bem d 2011 feeling the future experimental evidence for anomalous retroactive influences on cognition and affect retrieved from url http dbem ws feelingfuture pdf bierman d j radin d i 1997 anomalous anticipatory response on randomized future conditions perceptual and motor skills 84 689 690 bierman d scholte h 2002 a fmri brain imaging study of presentiment journal of islis 20 380 389 carpenter j c 2004 first sight part one a model of psi and the mind journal of parapsychology 68 217 254 carpenter j c 2005 first sight part two elaborations of a model of psi and the mind journal of parapsychology 69 63 112 carpenter j c 2008 relations between esp and memory in terms of the first sight model of psi journal of parapsychology 72 47 76 carpenter j c 2012 first sight esp and parapsychology in everyday life lanham maryland rowman littlefield publishers mossbridge j a tressoldi p and utts j 2012 predictive anticipatory activity preceding seemingly unpredictable stimuli a meta analysis frontiers in psychology 3 390 radin d 2004 electrodermal presentiments of future emotions journal of scientific exploration 18 253 273 spottiswoode s may e 2003 skin conductance prestimulus response analyses artifacts and a pilot study journal of scientific exploration 17 617 641 the survival hypothesis a very brief discussion april 23 2015 april 23 2015 john g kruth 6 comments by john g kruth executive director of the rhine research center a reader asks can you kindly suggest some good critical book s on the survival question giving state of the art coverage of the topic the topic of survival in parapsychology encompasses a number of different phenomena and experiences one description of the elements of the survival hypothesis comes from an introduction to parapsychology the survival hypothesis concerns the notion of postmortem survival that is that a disembodied consciousness or some such discarnate element of human personality might survive bodily death at least for a time the survival hypothesis has obvious religious connotations but these are of no concern in scientific parapsychology irwin watt 2007 p 138 the study of survival includes studies of near death experiences ndes out of body experiences obes mediums reincarnation and apparitions hauntings because of the breadth of this work there is no single volume that can account for all of the evidence of survival in 1886 the society for psychical research in london published a significant work called phantasms of the living this collection of reports was compiled by edmund gurney frederic myers and frank podmore and it included reports of apparitions discussions of mediumship and a comprehensive examination of the state of survival research at the time it is still considered a primary source of research into the topic of survival and the history of the field of parapsychology more recent studies in parapsychology have focused on individual topics related to survival this list includes a few of the important works that have been compiled in different areas related to survival research near death experiences the big book of near death experiences the ultimate guide to what happens when we die by p m h atwater 2014 life after life by raymond moody 1976 glimpses of eternity investigations of shared death experiences by raymond moody 2014 reincarnation return to life extraordinary cases of children who remember past lives by jim tucker 2015 mediumship the survival hypothesis essays on mediumship by adam j rock 2014 the scole experiment scientific evidence for life after death by grant and jane solomon 1999 2012 telephone calls from the dead by callum e cooper 2012 spirit science material science science and the afterlife experience evidence for the immortality of consciousness by chris carter 2012 the end of materialism how evidence of the paranormal is bringing science and spirit together by charles tart 2009 though not directly focused only on survival research this is an important book that provides a bridge between science and spiritual research this is only a sample of the books that are available there are many other well researched books that could have been included on this list not to mention numerous journal articles that could have been included this quick survey of the books available on survival research provides an introduction to the topic and a peek into the current thinking in the field of parapsychology references gurney e myers f podmore f 1886 phantasms of the living society of psychical research london irwin h watt c 2007 an introduction to parapsychology 5 th edition mcfarland company inc jefferson nc 35 994033 78 898619 welcome to ask a parapsychologist april 12 2015 april 12 2015 john g kruth 5 comments ask a parapsychologist written by john g kruth executive director of the rhine research center parapsychology is a field that is often misunderstood many people think of parapsychologists as ghost busters bigfoot explorers or psychics but parapsychology doesn t include any of these things this blog was created to answer questions to help people to learn more about the field of parapsychology by posting a question to ask a parapsychologist on the website at the rhine research center www rhine org your question will be reviewed and possibly answered by a scientist who works as a professional in the field of parapsychology so what is parapsychology parapsychology is the scientific study of 5 specific phenomena telepathy communication between people clairvoyance getting information about objects or places precognition getting information through time particularly from the future these first 3 phenomena together are called extrasensory perception or esp they involve the ability to perceive information that is not available through the traditional physical senses pk or psychokinesis mind to matter interaction moving objects without physical intervention survival issues this includes any phenomena that can provide evidence of the existence of personality character spirit or soul outside of the physical body or after death survival issues include mediumship communications with non physical beings near death experiences nde out of body experiences obe hauntings apparitions what is psi psi is a word used to represent the first 4 categories of phenomena studied by parapsychologists it includes esp telepathy clairvoyance precognition and pk psi is not an abbreviation or initials it is just a greek word used to represent these four phenomena are ghost hunters parapsychologists though some parapsychologists work in the field collecting data about haunted locations or strange phenomena it is nothing like what you might see on tv shows about the paranormal parapsychologists work mostly in a laboratory setting running controlled experiments to learn about the nature of psi some paranormal investigators very few actually have training in the scientific method and apply critical methodology to their investigations of reported hauntings or apparitions actual parapsychologists don t rely strictly on instrument and technology and they search for physical explanations before they seek alternative theories follow this blog to see answers to more questions about parapsyc...