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file attribute wikipedia 357 captures 08 oct 2005 16 sep 2026 aug sep oct 15 2021 2022 2023 success fail about this capture timestamps the wayback machine http web archive org web 20220915090324 https en wikipedia org wiki file_attribute file attribute from wikipedia the free encyclopedia jump to navigation jump to search file attributes are a type of meta data that describe and may modify how files and or directories in a filesystem behave typical file attributes may for example indicate or specify whether a file is visible modifiable compressed or encrypted the availability of most file attributes depends on support by the underlying filesystem such as fat ntfs ext4 where attribute data must be stored along with other control structures each attribute can have one of two states set and cleared attributes are considered distinct from other metadata such as dates and times filename extensions or file system permissions in addition to files folders volumes and other file system objects may have attributes contents 1 dos and windows 2 unix and posix 2 1 4 4bsd and derivatives 2 2 linux 3 see also 4 references 5 external links dos and windows edit traditionally in dos and microsoft windows files and folders accepted four attributes 1 2 3 archive a when set it indicates that the hosting file has changed since the last backup operation windows file system sets this attribute on any file that has changed backup software then has the duty of clearing it upon a successful full or incremental backup not a differential one hidden h when set indicates that the hosting file is hidden ms dos commands like dir and windows apps like file explorer do not show hidden files by default unless asked to do so 4 system s when set indicates that the hosting file is a critical system file that is necessary for the computer to operate properly ms dos and microsoft windows use it to mark important system files ms dos commands like dir and windows apps like file explorer do not show system files by default even when hidden files are shown unless asked to do so read only r when set indicates that a file should not be altered upon opening the file file system api usually does not grant write permission to the requesting application unless the application explicitly requests it read only attributes on folders are usually ignored being used for another purpose 5 6 as new versions of windows came out microsoft has added to the inventory of available attributes on the ntfs file system 7 including but not limited to 8 compressed c when set windows compresses the hosting file upon storage for more information see ntfs file compression encrypted e when set windows encrypts the hosting file upon storage to prevent unauthorized access for more information see ntfs encryption not content indexed i when set indexing service or windows search do not include the hosting file in their indexing operation other attributes that are displayed in the attributes column of windows explorer 7 include directory d the entry is a subdirectory containing file and directory entries of its own reparse point l the file or directory has an associated re parse point or is a symbolic link offline o the file data is physically moved to offline storage remote storage sparse p the file is a sparse file i e its contents are partially empty and non contiguous temporary t the file is used for temporary storage in dos os 2 and windows the attrib command in cmd exe and command com can be used to change and display the four traditional file attributes 3 9 file explorer in windows can show the seven mentioned attributes but cannot set or clear the system attribute 5 windows powershell which has become a component of windows 7 and later features two commands that can read and write attributes get itemproperty and set itemproperty 10 to change an attribute on a file on windows nt the user must have appropriate file system permissions known as write attributes and write extended attributes 11 unix and posix edit in unix and unix like systems including posix conforming systems each file has a mode containing 9 bit flags controlling read write and execute permission for each of the file s owner group and all other users see file system permissions traditional unix permissions for more details plus the setuid and setgid bit flags and a sticky bit flag the mode also specifies the file type regular file directory or some other special kind 4 4bsd and derivatives edit in 4 4bsd and 4 4bsd lite files and directories folders accepted four attributes that could be set by the owner of the file or the superuser the user attributes and two attributes that could only be set by the superuser the system attributes 12 user no dump when set it indicates that the file or directory should not be saved during a backup operation user and system immutable when set indicates that the file or directory should not be altered attempts to open the file for writing create a file within the directory remove a file from the directory rename a file within the directory rename the file or directory or remove the file or directory will fail with a permissions error user and system append only when set indicates that the file should only be appended to user opaque when set on a directory indicates that the directory is opaque when viewed through a union stack freebsd added some additional attributes 13 also supported by dragonfly bsd 14 user and system no unlink when set indicates that the file or directory should not be renamed or removed attempts to rename or remove the file or directory will fail with a permissions error freebsd also supports 13 system no archive when set indicates that the file or directory should not be archived system snapshot when set indicates that the file or directory is a snapshot file this attribute is maintained by the system and cannot be set even by the super user whereas dragonfly bsd supports 14 user and system no history when set indicates that history should not be retained for the file or directory user swapcache when set indicates that clean filesystem data for the file or for the directory and everything underneath the directory should be cached in swap space on a solid state drive system swapcache when set indicates that clean filesystem data for the file or for the directory and everything underneath the directory should not be cached in swap space on a solid state drive system archived when set indicates that the file or directory may be archived netbsd added another attribute 15 also supported by openbsd 16 system archived when set indicates that the file or directory is archived macos added three attributes user hidden when set indicates that the file or directory should not by default be displayed in the gui ls will display it however 17 system restricted when set indicates that the file or directory will be protected by system integrity protection user and system compressed read only attribute for files compressed using hfs compression in these systems the chflags and ls commands can be used to change and display file attributes to change a user attribute on a file in 4 4bsd derived operating systems the user must be the owner of the file or the superuser to change a system attribute the user must be the superuser linux edit the linux operating system can support a wide range of file attributes that can be listed by the lsattr command and modified where possible by the chattr command programs can examine and alter attributes using ioctl operations 18 many linux file systems support only a limited set of attributes and none of them support every attribute that chattr can change file systems that support at least some attributes include ext4 xfs and btrfs common file attributes supported by many common linux file systems attribute lsattr flag chattr option semantics and rationale no atime updates a a a atime record is not modified when file is read accessed append only a a a writing to file only allowed in append mode immutable i i i prevents any change to file s contents or metadata file directory cannot be written to deleted renamed or hard linked no dump d d d file is skipped by the dump program secure deletion s s s requests that when deleted all file data blocks are filled with zeroes synchronous updates s s s changes are written synchronously to the underlying filesystem storage medium equivalent to sync mount option for affected files see also edit extended file attributes hidden file and hidden directory volume label references edit definition of file attribute pc magazine ziff davis retrieved 14 october 2020 file attributes computer hope retrieved 2 december 2012 a b in windows what are file attributes and how can i change them knowledge base indiana university 11 october 2011 retrieved 2 december 2012 what is a hidden file windows 7 help microsoft retrieved 2 december 2012 a b you cannot view or change the read only or the system attributes of folders in windows server 2003 in windows xp in windows vista or in windows 7 microsoft support microsoft 31 may 2012 retrieved 2 december 2012 why is the readonly property on folders so strange a b file attribute constants msdn microsoft retrieved 17 july 2018 how to use the file attribute management script fileattributes pl in windows 2000 microsoft support microsoft retrieved 2 december 2012 definition of dos attrib pc magazine ziff davis retrieved 2 december 2012 use a powershell cmdlet to work with file attributes hey scripting guy blog microsoft 26 january 2011 retrieved 3 december 2012 how to set view change or remove special permissions for files and folders in windows xp microsoft support microsoft 7 may 2007 retrieved 2 december 2012 chflags 2 bsd system calls manual a b chflags 2 freebsd system calls manual a b chflags 2 dragonfly bsd system calls and error numbers manual chflags 2 netbsd system calls manual chflags 2 openbsd system calls manual chflags 2 darwin and macos system calls manual ioctl_iflags 2 linux programmer s manual system calls external links edit definition of dos attrib on pc magazine hidden files in unix like operating systems at the wayback machine archived october 17 2007 microsoft file attribute constants win32 file attributes v t e computer files types binary file text file file format list of file formats file signatures magic number metafile sidecar file sparse file swap file system file temporary file zero byte file properties filename 8 3 filename long filename filename mangling filename extension list of filename extensions file attribute extended file attributes file size hidden file hidden directory organisation directory folder ntfs links temporary folder directory structure file sequence file system filesystem hierarchy standard path operations open close read write linking file descriptor hard link shortcut alias shadow symbolic link management file comparison data compression file manager comparison of file managers file system permissions file transfer file sharing file verification v t e file systems comparison of file systems distributed unix filesystem disk and non rotating adfs advfs amiga ffs amiga ofs apfs athfs bcachefs bfs be file system boot file system byte file system z vm btrfs cvfs cxfs dfs efs encrypting file system extent file system episode ext ext2 ext3 ext3cow ext4 ufs ufs2 fat exfat files 11 fossil gpfs hammer hammer2 hfs classic mac os hfs mvs hfs hpfs htfs jfs lfs mfs macintosh file system tivo media file system minix netware file system next3 nilfs nilfs2 nss ntfs onefs openzfs pfs qfs qnx4fs refs reiserfs reiser4 reliance reliance nitro rfs sfs shared file system vm smart file system snfs soup apple tux3 ubifs ufs soft updates wapbl vxfs wafl xiafs xfs xsan zfs z os zfs sun optical disc hsf iso 9660 iso 13490 udf flash memory and ssd apfs fat exfat tfat erofs f2fs jfs nvfs host side wear leveling chfs jffs jffs2 logfs nilfs nilfs2 yaffs ubifs distributed parallel beegfs cxfs gfs2 google file system ocfs2 orangefs pvfs qfs xsan more nas 9p afs openafs afp coda dfs google file system gpfs lustre ncp nfs pohmelfs hadoop smb cifs sshfs more specialized aufs axfs boot file system cdfs compact disc file system cramfs davfs2 erofs ftpfs fuse lnfs ltfs nova mvfs squashfs umsdos overlayfs unionfs pseudo configfs devfs debugfs kernfs procfs specfs sysfs tmpfs winfs encrypted ecryptfs encfs efs rubberhose sshfs zfs types clustered global grid self certifying flash journaling log structured object record oriented semantic steganographic synthetic versioning features case preservation copy on write data deduplication data scrubbing execute in place extent file attribute extended file attributes file change log fork links hard symbolic access control access control list filesystem level encryption permissions modes sticky bit interfaces file manager file system api installable file system virtual file system lists cryptographic default log structured layouts master boot record guid partition table apple partition map retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title file_attribute oldid 1097330725 categories computer file systems hidden categories webarchive template wayback links navigation menu personal tools not logged in talk contributions create account log in namespaces article talk english views read edit view history more search navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us donate contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file tools what links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information cite this page wikidata item print export download as pdf printable version languages čeština dansk deutsch فارسی 한국어 עברית polski русский suomi українська tiếng việt 中文 edit links this page was last edited on 10 july 2022 at 03 30 utc text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike license 3 0 additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the 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