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gain announced pre loaded cards in 2008 under the slotmusic name this time not using any of the drm capabilities of the sd card 133 in 2011 sandisk offered various collections of 1000 songs on a single slotmusic card for about 40 134 now restricted to compatible devices and without the ability to copy the files integrated usb connector the sandisk sd plus product can be plugged directly into a usb port without needing a usb card reader 135 other companies introduced comparable products such as the duo sd product of ocz technology and the 3 way microsdhc sdhc and usb product of a data which was available in 2008 only different colors sandisk has used various colors of plastic or adhesive label including a gaming line in translucent plastic colors that indicated the card s capacity integrated display in 2006 a data announced a super info sd card with a digital display that provided a two character label and showed the amount of unused memory on the card 136 sdio cards edit camera using the sdio interface to connect to some hp ipaq devices a sdio secure digital input output card is an extension of the sd specification to cover i o functions sdio cards are only fully functional in host devices designed to support their input output functions typically pdas like the palm treo but occasionally laptops or mobile phones these devices can use the sd slot to support gps receivers modems barcode readers fm radio tuners tv tuners rfid readers digital cameras and interfaces to wi fi bluetooth ethernet and irda many other sdio devices have been proposed but it is now more common for i o devices to connect using the usb interface sdio cards support most of the memory commands of sd cards sdio cards can be structured as eight logical cards although currently the typical way that an sdio card uses this capability is to structure itself as one i o card and one memory card the sdio and sd interfaces are mechanically and electrically identical host devices built for sdio cards generally accept sd memory cards without i o functions however the reverse is not true because host devices need suitable drivers and applications to support the card s i o functions for example an hp sdio camera usually does not work with pdas that do not list it as an accessory inserting an sdio card into any sd slot causes no physical damage nor disruption to the host device but users may be frustrated that the sdio card does not function fully when inserted into a seemingly compatible slot usb and bluetooth devices exhibit comparable compatibility issues although to a lesser extent thanks to standardized usb device classes and bluetooth profiles the sdio family comprises low speed and full speed cards both types of sdio cards support spi and one bit sd bus types low speed sdio cards are allowed to also support the four bit sd bus full speed sdio cards are required to support the four bit sd bus to use an sdio card as a combo card for both memory and i o the host device must first select four bit sd bus operation two other unique features of low speed sdio are a maximum clock rate of 400 khz for all communications and the use of pin 8 as interrupt to try to initiate dialogue with the host device 137 ganging cards together the one bit sd protocol was derived from the mmc protocol which envisioned the ability to put up to three cards on a bus of common signal lines the cards use open collector interfaces where a card may pull a line to the low voltage level the line is at the high voltage level because of a pull up resistor if no card pulls it low though the cards shared clock and signal lines each card had its own chip select line to sense that the host device had selected it citation needed the sd protocol envisioned the ability to gang 30 cards together without separate chip select lines the host device would broadcast commands to all cards and identify the card to respond to the command using its unique serial number citation needed in practice cards are rarely ganged together because open collector operation has problems at high speeds and increases power consumption newer versions of the sd specification recommend separate lines to each card citation needed compatibility edit host devices that comply with newer versions of the specification provide backward compatibility and accept older sd cards 52 for example sdxc host devices accept all previous families of sd memory cards and sdhc host devices also accept standard sd cards older host devices generally do not support newer card formats and even when they might support the bus interface used by the card 48 there are several factors that arise a newer card may offer greater capacity than the host device can handle over 4 gb for sdhc over 32 gb for sdxc a newer card may use a file system the host device cannot navigate fat32 for sdhc exfat for sdxc use of an sdio card requires the host device be designed for the input output functions the card provides the hardware interface of the card was changed starting with the version 2 0 new high speed bus clocks redefinition of storage capacity bits and sdhc family ultra high speed uhs bus uhs ii has physically more pins but is backwards compatible to uhs i and non uhs for both slot and card 84 some vendors produced sdsc cards above 1 gb before the sda had standardized a method of doing so sd compatibility table card slot sdsc sdhc sdhc uhs sdxc sdxc uhs sdio sdsc partial a fat16 4 gb a fat16 4 gb a no no no sdhc yes yes in non uhs mode fat32 fat32 in non uhs mode no sdhc uhs in non uhs mode in non uhs mode in uhs mode fat32 in non uhs mode fat32 in uhs mode no sdxc yes yes in non uhs mode yes in non uhs mode no sdxc uhs in non uhs mode in non uhs mode in uhs mode in non uhs mode in uhs mode no sdio varies varies varies varies varies yes a b c see discussion about storage capacity and compatibilities markets edit due to their compact size secure digital cards are used in many consumer electronic devices and have become a widespread means of storing several gigabytes of data in a small size devices in which the user may remove and replace cards often such as digital cameras camcorders and video game consoles tend to use full sized cards devices in which small size is paramount such as mobile phones action cameras such as the gopro hero series and camera drones tend to use microsd cards 138 139 mobile phones edit the microsd card has helped propel the smartphone market by giving both manufacturers and consumers greater flexibility and freedom while cloud storage depends on stable internet connection and sufficiently voluminous data plans memory cards in mobile devices provide location independent and private storage expansion with much higher transfer rates and no latency engineering real world performance enabling applications such as photography and video recording while data stored internally on bricked devices is inaccessible data stored on the memory card can be salvaged and accessed externally by the user as mass storage device a benefit over usb on the go storage expansion is uncompromised ergonomy the usage of a memory card also protects the mobile phone s non replaceable internal storage from weardown from heavy applications such as excessive camera usage and portable ftp server hosting over wifi direct due to the technical development of memory cards users of existing mobile devices are able to expand their storage further and priceworthier with time 140 141 142 recent versions of major operating systems such as windows mobile and android allow applications to run from microsd cards creating possibilities for new usage models for sd cards in mobile computing markets as well as clearing available internal storage space 143 sd cards are not the most economical solution in devices that need only a small amount of non volatile memory such as station presets in small radios they may also not present the best choice for applications that require higher storage capacities or speeds as provided by other flash card standards such as compactflash these limitations may be addressed by evolving memory technologies such as the new sd 7 0 specifications which allow storage capabilities of up to 128 tb 16 144 many personal computers of all types including tablets and mobile phones use sd cards either through built in slots or through an active electronic adapter adapters exist for the pc card expressbus usb firewire and the parallel printer port active adapters also let sd cards be used in devices designed for other formats such as compactflash the flashpath adapter lets sd cards be used in a floppy disk drive some devices such as the samsung galaxy fit 2011 and samsung galaxy note 8 0 2013 have an sd card compartment located externally and accessible by hand while it is located under the battery cover on other devices more recent mobile phones use a pin hole ejection system for the tray which houses both the memory card and sim card counterfeits edit samsung pro 64 gb microsdxc original left and counterfeit right the counterfeit claims to have 64 gb in capacity but only 8 gb class 4 speed are usable when trying to write more than 8 gb data loss occurs also used for sandisk 64 gb fakes images of genuine questionable and fake counterfeit microsd secure digital cards before and after decapsulation details at source photo by andrew huang commonly found on the market are mislabeled or counterfeit secure digital cards that report a fake capacity or run slower than labeled 145 146 147 software tools exist to check and detect counterfeit products 148 149 detection of counterfeit cards usually involves copying files with random data to the sd card until the card s capacity is reached and copying them back the files that were copied back can be tested either by comparing checksums e g md5 or trying to compress them the latter approach leverages the fact that counterfeited cards let the user read back files which then consist of easily compressible uniform data for example repeating 0xffs digital cameras edit sd card in a dslr camera this section needs additional citations for verification please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed october 2016 learn how and when to remove this template message sd mmc cards replaced toshiba s smartmedia as the dominant memory card format used in digital cameras in 2001 smartmedia had achieved nearly 50 use but by 2005 sd mmc had achieved over 40 of the digital camera market and smartmedia s share had plummeted by 2007 at this time all the leading digital camera manufacturers used sd in their consumer product lines including canon casio fujifilm kodak leica nikon olympus panasonic pentax ricoh samsung and sony formerly olympus and fujifilm used xd picture cards xd cards exclusively while sony only used memory stick by early 2010 all three supported sd some prosumer and professional digital cameras continued to offer compactflash cf either on a second card slot or as the only storage as cf supports much higher maximum capacities and historically was cheaper for the same capacity secure digital memory cards can be used in sony xdcam ex camcorders with an adapter 150 and in panasonic p2 card equipment with a microp2 adapter personal computers edit although many personal computers accommodate sd cards as an auxiliary storage device using a built in slot or can accommodate sd cards by means of a usb adapter sd cards cannot be used as the primary hard disk through the onboard ata controller because none of the sd card variants support ata signalling primary hard disk use requires a separate sd host controller 151 or an sd to compactflash converter however on computers that support bootstrapping from a usb interface an sd card in a usb adapter can be the boot disk provided it contains an operating system that supports usb access once the bootstrap is complete in laptop and tablet computers memory cards in an integrated memory card reader offer an ergonomical benefit over usb flash drives as the latter sticks out of the device and the user would need to be cautious not to bump it while transporting the device which could damage the usb port memory cards have a unified shape and do not reserve a usb port when inserted into a computer s dedicated card slot since late 2009 newer apple computers with installed sd card readers have been able to boot in macos from sd storage devices when properly formatted to mac os extended file format and the default partition table set to guid partition table 152 see other file systems below sd cards are increasing in usage and popularity among owners of vintage computers like 8 bit atari for example sio2sd sio is an atari port for connecting external devices is used nowadays software for an 8 bit atari may be included on one sd card that may have less than 4 8 gb of disk size 2019 153 embedded systems edit a shield daughterboard that gives arduino prototyping microprocessors access to sd cards in 2008 the sda specified embedded sd leverag ing well known sd standards to enable non removable sd style devices on printed circuit boards 154 however this standard was not adopted by the market while the mmc standard became the de facto standard for embedded systems sandisk provides such embedded memory components under the inand brand 155 most modern microcontrollers have built in spi logic that can interface to an sd card operating in its spi mode providing non volatile storage even if a microcontroller lacks the spi feature the feature can be emulated by bit banging for example a home brew hack combines spare general purpose input output gpio pins of the processor of the linksys wrt54g router with mmc support code from the linux kernel 156 this technique can achieve throughput of up to 1 6 mbit s music distribution edit prerecorded microsds have been used to commercialize music under the brands slotmusic and slotradio by sandisk and mqs by astell kern technical details edit physical size edit the sd card specification defines three physical sizes the sd and sdhc families are available in all three sizes but the sdxc and sduc families are not available in the mini size and the sdio family is not available in the micro size smaller cards are usable in larger slots through use of a passive adapter standard edit size comparison of families sd blue minisd green microsd red sd sdsc sdhc sdxc sdio sduc 32 mm 24 mm 2 1 mm 1 17 64 in 15 16 in 5 64 in 32 mm 24 mm 1 4 mm 1 17 64 in 15 16 in 1 16 in as thin as mmc for thin sd rare minisd edit minisd minisdhc minisdio 21 5 mm 20 mm 1 4 mm 27 32 in 25 32 in 1 16 in microsd edit the micro form factor is the smallest sd card format 157 microsd microsdhc microsdxc microsduc 15 mm 11 mm 1 mm 19 32 in 7 16 in 3 64 in transfer modes edit cards may support various combinations of the following bus types and transfer modes the spi bus mode and one bit sd bus mode are mandatory for all sd families as explained in the nex...