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Text of the page (random words):
ajax programming wikipedia sep oct nov 05 2021 2022 2023 success fail about this capture timestamps the wayback machine http web archive org web 20221005184856 https en wikipedia org wiki ajax_ programming ajax programming from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from ajax programming jump to navigation jump to search group of interrelated web development techniques ajax redirects here for other uses see ajax disambiguation asynchronous javascript and xml first appeared march 1999 filename extensions js file formats javascript influenced by javascript and xml ajax also ajax ˈ eɪ dʒ æ k s short for asynchronous javascript and xml 1 2 is a set of web development techniques that uses various web technologies on the client side to create asynchronous web applications with ajax web applications can send and retrieve data from a server asynchronously in the background without interfering with the display and behaviour of the existing page by decoupling the data interchange layer from the presentation layer ajax allows web pages and by extension web applications to change content dynamically without the need to reload the entire page 3 in practice modern implementations commonly utilize json instead of xml ajax is not a technology but rather a programming concept html and css can be used in combination to mark up and style information the webpage can be modified by javascript to dynamically display and allow the user to interact with the new information the built in xmlhttprequest object is used to execute ajax on webpages allowing websites to load content onto the screen without refreshing the page ajax is not a new technology nor is it a new language instead it is existing technologies used in a new way contents 1 history 2 technologies 3 examples 3 1 javascript example 3 2 fetch example 3 2 1 es7 async await example 4 see also 5 references 6 external links history edit in the early to mid 1990s most websites were based on complete html pages each user action required a complete new page to be loaded from the server this process was inefficient as reflected by the user experience all page content disappeared then the new page appeared each time the browser reloaded a page because of a partial change all the content had to be re sent even though only some of the information had changed this placed additional load on the server and made bandwidth a limiting factor in performance in 1996 the iframe tag was introduced by internet explorer like the object element it can load or fetch content asynchronously in 1998 the microsoft outlook web access team developed the concept behind the xmlhttprequest scripting object 4 it appeared as xmlhttp in the second version of the msxml library 4 5 which shipped with internet explorer 5 0 in march 1999 6 the functionality of the windows xmlhttp activex control in ie 5 was later implemented by mozilla firefox safari opera google chrome and other browsers as the xmlhttprequest javascript object 7 microsoft adopted the native xmlhttprequest model as of internet explorer 7 the activex version is still supported in internet explorer but not in microsoft edge the utility of these background http requests and asynchronous web technologies remained fairly obscure until it started appearing in large scale online applications such as outlook web access 2000 8 and oddpost 2002 google made a wide deployment of standards compliant cross browser ajax with gmail 2004 and google maps 2005 9 in october 2004 kayak com s public beta release was among the first large scale e commerce uses of what their developers at that time called the xml http thing 10 this increased interest in ajax among web program developers the term ajax was publicly used on 18 february 2005 by jesse james garrett in an article titled ajax a new approach to web applications based on techniques used on google pages 1 on 5 april 2006 the world wide web consortium w3c released the first draft specification for the xmlhttprequest object in an attempt to create an official web standard 11 the latest draft of the xmlhttprequest object was published on 6 october 2016 12 and the xmlhttprequest specification is now a living standard 13 technologies edit the conventional model for a web application versus an application using ajax the term ajax has come to represent a broad group of web technologies that can be used to implement a web application that communicates with a server in the background without interfering with the current state of the page in the article that coined the term ajax 1 3 jesse james garrett explained that the following technologies are incorporated html or xhtml and css for presentation the document object model dom for dynamic display of and interaction with data json or xml for the interchange of data and xslt for xml manipulation the xmlhttprequest object for asynchronous communication javascript to bring these technologies together since then however there have been a number of developments in the technologies used in an ajax application and in the definition of the term ajax itself xml is no longer required for data interchange and therefore xslt is no longer required for the manipulation of data javascript object notation json is often used as an alternative format for data interchange 14 although other formats such as preformatted html or plain text can also be used 15 a variety of popular javascript libraries including jquery include abstractions to assist in executing ajax requests examples edit javascript example edit an example of a simple ajax request using the get method written in javascript get ajax data js this is the client side script initialize the http request let xhr new xmlhttprequest define the request xhr open get send ajax data php track the state changes of the request xhr onreadystatechange function const done 4 readystate 4 means the request is done const ok 200 status 200 is a successful return if xhr readystate done if xhr status ok console log xhr responsetext this is the output else console log error xhr status an error occurred during the request send the request to send ajax data php xhr send null send ajax data php php this is the server side script set the content type header content type text plain send the data back echo this is the output fetch example edit fetch is a new native javascript api 16 according to google developers documentation fetch makes it easier to make web requests and handle responses than with the older xmlhttprequest fetch send ajax data php then data console log data catch error console log error error es7 async await example edit async function doajax1 try const res await fetch send ajax data php const data await res text console log data catch error console log error error doajax1 fetch relies on javascript promises the fetch specification differs from ajax in the following significant ways the promise returned from fetch won t reject on http error status even if the response is an http 404 or 500 instead as soon as the server responds with headers the promise will resolve normally with the ok property of the response set to false if the response isn t in the range 200 299 and it will only reject on network failure or if anything prevented the request from completing fetch won t send cross origin cookies unless you set the credentials init option since april 2018 the spec changed the default credentials policy to same origin firefox changed since 61 0b13 see also edit actionscript comet programming also known as reverse ajax google instant http 2 list of ajax frameworks node js remote scripting rich internet application websocket html5 javascript framework javascript library references edit a b c jesse james garrett 18 february 2005 ajax a new approach to web applications adaptivepath com archived from the original on 10 september 2015 retrieved 19 june 2008 ajax web developer guides mdn web docs archived from the original on 28 february 2018 retrieved 27 february 2018 a b ullman chris march 2007 beginning ajax wrox isbn 978 0 470 10675 4 archived from the original on 5 july 2008 retrieved 24 june 2008 a b article on the history of xmlhttp by an original developer alexhopmann com 31 january 2007 archived from the original on 23 june 2007 retrieved 14 july 2009 specification of the ixmlhttprequest interface from the microsoft developer network msdn microsoft com archived from the original on 26 may 2016 retrieved 14 july 2009 dutta sunava 23 january 2006 native xmlhttprequest object ieblog microsoft archived from the original on 6 march 2010 retrieved 30 november 2006 dynamic html and xml the xmlhttprequest object apple inc archived from the original on 9 may 2008 retrieved 25 june 2008 hopmann alex story of xmlhttp alex hopmann s blog archived from the original on 30 march 2010 retrieved 17 may 2010 a brief history of ajax aaron swartz 22 december 2005 archived from the original on 3 june 2010 retrieved 4 august 2009 english paul 12 april 2006 kayak user interface official kayak com technoblog archived from the original on 23 may 2014 retrieved 22 may 2014 van kesteren anne jackson dean 5 april 2006 the xmlhttprequest object w3 org world wide web consortium archived from the original on 16 may 2008 retrieved 25 june 2008 kesteren anne aubourg julian song jungkee steen hallvord r m xmlhttprequest level 1 w3 org w3c archived from the original on 13 july 2017 retrieved 19 february 2019 xmlhttprequest standard xhr spec whatwg org retrieved 21 april 2020 javascript object notation apache org archived from the original on 16 june 2008 retrieved 4 july 2008 speed up your ajax based apps with json devx com archived from the original on 4 july 2008 retrieved 4 july 2008 fetch api web apis mdn archived from the original on 29 may 2019 retrieved 30 may 2019 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to ajax programming wikibooks has a book on the topic of ajax 1 ajax a new approach to web applications article that coined the ajax term and q a ajax programming at curlie ajax tutorial with get post text and xml examples v t e web interfaces server side protocols http v2 v3 encryption webdav cgi scgi fcgi ajp wsrp websocket server apis c nsapi c asapi c isapi com asp jakarta servlet container cli owin asp net handler python wsgi python asgi ruby rack javascript jsgi perl psgi portlet container apache modules mod_include mod_jk mod_lisp mod_mono mod_parrot mod_perl mod_php mod_proxy mod_python mod_wsgi mod_ruby phusion passenger topics web resource vs web service open api webhook application server comparison scripting client side browser apis c npapi liveconnect xpconnect c npruntime c ppapi nacl activex bho xbap web apis w3c audio canvas cors dom dom events eme file geolocation indexeddb mse sse svg video webassembly webauthn webgpu webrtc websocket webxr web messaging web storage web worker xmlhttprequest khronos webcl webgl others gears web sql database formerly w3c webusb topics ajax and remote scripting vs dhtml browser extension mashup web idl scripting topics web page static dynamic web standards web api security web application rich single page progressive web framework v t e javascript code analysis eslint jshint jslint supersets js objective j typescript transpilers atscript babel clojurescript coffeescript dart elm emscripten google closure compiler google web toolkit haxe livescript morfik nim opa purescript reason websharper concepts client side javascript library javascript syntax debuggers chrome devtools firefox inspector komodo ide microsoft edge devtools opera devtools safari web inspector doc generators jsdoc editors comparison ace cloud9 ide atom codemirror brackets light table phpstorm orion visual studio visual studio express visual studio code visual studio team services vim engines list of ecmascript engines frameworks comparison of javascript frameworks list of javascript libraries related technologies ajax assemblyscript asm js cascading style sheets document object model html html5 json webassembly webauthn package managers npm yarn module bundlers webpack server side active server pages commonjs deno jsgi node js wakanda unit testing frameworks list jasmine jest mocha qunit people douglas crockford brendan eich john resig authority control national libraries spain france data germany israel united states other faceted application of subject terminology sudoc france 1 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ajax_ programming oldid 1109233654 categories ajax programming cloud standards inter process communication web 2 0 neologisms web development hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use dmy dates from july 2020 commons category link is on wikidata articles with curlie links articles with bne identifiers articles with bnf identifiers articles with gnd identifiers articles with j9u identifiers articles with lccn identifiers articles with fast identifiers articles with sudoc identifiers articles with example javascript code articles with example php code navigation menu personal tools not logged in talk contributions create account log in namespaces article talk english views read edit view history more search navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us donate contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file tools what links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information cite this page wikidata item print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikibooks languages afrikaans العربية azərbaycanca বাংলা български català čeština dansk deutsch eesti ελληνικά español euskara فارسی français gaeilge galego 한국어 հայերեն हिन्दी bahasa indonesia italiano עברית ქართული қазақша lietuvių magyar македонски മലയാളം bahasa melayu монгол nederlands 日本語 norsk bokmål norsk nynorsk piemontèis polski português română русский shqip simple english slovenčina slovenščina српски srpski suomi svenska தமிழ் ไทย türkçe türkmençe українська ئۇيغۇرچە uyghurche tiếng việt 吴语 中文 edit links this page was last edited on 8 september 2022 at 18 18 utc text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike license 3 0 additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia mobile view developers statistics cookie statement