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Text of the page (random words):
text file wikipedia 723 captures 25 aug 2003 03 oct 2026 sep oct nov 10 2021 2022 2023 success fail about this capture timestamps the wayback machine http web archive org web 20221010164540 https en wikipedia org wiki text_file text file from wikipedia the free encyclopedia jump to navigation jump to search computer file containing plain text this article needs additional citations for verification please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources text file news newspapers books scholar jstor december 2015 learn how and when to remove this template message text file filename extension txt internet media type text plain type code text uniform type identifier uti public plain text uti conformation public text type of format document file format generic container format a text file sometimes spelled textfile an old alternative name is flatfile is a kind of computer file that is structured as a sequence of lines of electronic text a text file exists stored as data within a computer file system in operating systems such as cp m and ms dos where the operating system does not keep track of the file size in bytes the end of a text file is denoted by placing one or more special characters known as an end of file marker as padding after the last line in a text file on modern operating systems such as microsoft windows and unix like systems text files do not contain any special eof character because file systems on those operating systems keep track of the file size in bytes most text files need to have end of line delimiters which are done in a few different ways depending on operating system some operating systems with record orientated file systems may not use new line delimiters and will primarily store text files with lines separated as fixed or variable length records text file refers to a type of container while plain text refers to a type of content at a generic level of description there are two kinds of computer files text files and binary files 1 contents 1 data storage 2 encoding 3 formats 3 1 microsoft windows text files 3 2 unix text files 3 3 apple macintosh text files 4 rendering 5 see also 6 notes and references 7 external links data storage edit a stylized iconic depiction of a csv formatted text file because of their simplicity text files are commonly used for storage of information they avoid some of the problems encountered with other file formats such as endianness padding bytes or differences in the number of bytes in a machine word further when data corruption occurs in a text file it is often easier to recover and continue processing the remaining contents a disadvantage of text files is that they usually have a low entropy meaning that the information occupies more storage than is strictly necessary a simple text file may need no additional metadata other than knowledge of its character set to assist the reader in interpretation a text file may contain no data at all which is a case of zero byte file encoding edit the ascii character set is the most common compatible subset of character sets for english language text files and is generally assumed to be the default file format in many situations it covers american english but for the british pound sign the euro sign or characters used outside english a richer character set must be used in many systems this is chosen based on the default locale setting on the computer it is read on prior to utf 8 this was traditionally single byte encodings such as iso 8859 1 through iso 8859 16 for european languages and wide character encodings for asian languages because encodings necessarily have only a limited repertoire of characters often very small many are only usable to represent text in a limited subset of human languages unicode is an attempt to create a common standard for representing all known languages and most known character sets are subsets of the very large unicode character set although there are multiple character encodings available for unicode the most common is utf 8 which has the advantage of being backwards compatible with ascii that is every ascii text file is also a utf 8 text file with identical meaning utf 8 also has the advantage that it is easily auto detectable thus a common operating mode of utf 8 capable software when opening files of unknown encoding is to try utf 8 first and fall back to a locale dependent legacy encoding when it definitely isn t utf 8 formats edit on most operating systems the name text file refers to file format that allows only plain text content with very little formatting e g no bold or italic types such files can be viewed and edited on text terminals or in simple text editors text files usually have the mime type text plain usually with additional information indicating an encoding microsoft windows text files edit ms dos and microsoft windows use a common text file format with each line of text separated by a two character combination carriage return cr and line feed lf it is common for the last line of text not to be terminated with a cr lf marker and many text editors including notepad do not automatically insert one on the last line on microsoft windows operating systems a file is regarded as a text file if the suffix of the name of the file the filename extension is txt however many other suffixes are used for text files with specific purposes for example source code for computer programs is usually kept in text files that have file name suffixes indicating the programming language in which the source is written most microsoft windows text files use ansi oem unicode or utf 8 encoding what microsoft windows terminology calls ansi encodings are usually single byte iso iec 8859 encodings i e ansi in the microsoft notepad menus is really system code page non unicode legacy encoding except for in locales such as chinese japanese and korean that require double byte character sets ansi encodings were traditionally used as default system locales within microsoft windows before the transition to unicode by contrast oem encodings also known as dos code pages were defined by ibm for use in the original ibm pc text mode display system they typically include graphical and line drawing characters common in dos applications unicode encoded microsoft windows text files contain text in utf 16 unicode transformation format such files normally begin with byte order mark bom which communicates the endianness of the file content although utf 8 does not suffer from endianness problems many microsoft windows programs i e notepad prepend the contents of utf 8 encoded files with bom 2 to differentiate utf 8 encoding from other 8 bit encodings 3 unix text files edit on unix like operating systems text files format is precisely described posix defines a text file as a file that contains characters organized into zero or more lines 4 where lines are sequences of zero or more non newline characters plus a terminating newline character 5 normally lf additionally posix defines a printable file as a text file whose characters are printable or space or backspace according to regional rules this excludes most control characters which are not printable 6 apple macintosh text files edit prior to the advent of macos the classic mac os system regarded the content of a file the data fork to be a text file when its resource fork indicated that the type of the file was text 7 lines of macintosh text files are terminated with cr characters 8 being certified unix macos uses posix format for text files 8 uniform type identifier uti used for text files in macos is public plain text additional more specific utis are public utf8 plain text for utf 8 encoded text public utf16 external plain text and public utf16 plain text for utf 16 encoded text and com apple traditional mac plain text for classic mac os text files 7 rendering edit when opened by a text editor human readable content is presented to the user this often consists of the file s plain text visible to the user depending on the application control codes may be rendered either as literal instructions acted upon by the editor or as visible escape characters that can be edited as plain text though there may be plain text in a text file control characters within the file especially the end of file character can render the plain text unseen by a particular method see also edit ascii ebcdic filename extension list of file formats newline syntax highlighting text editor unicode notes and references edit lewis john 2006 computer science illuminated jones and bartlett isbn 0 7637 4149 3 using byte order marks internationalization for windows applications microsoft retrieved 2022 04 21 freytag asmus 2015 12 18 faq utf 8 utf 16 utf 32 bom the unicode consortium retrieved 2016 05 30 yes utf 8 can contain a bom however it makes no difference as to the endianness of the byte stream utf 8 always has the same byte order an initial bom is only used as a signature an indication that an otherwise unmarked text file is in utf 8 note that some recipients of utf 8 encoded data do not expect a bom where utf 8 is used transparently in 8 bit environments the use of a bom will interfere with any protocol or file format that expects specific ascii characters at the beginning such as the use of of at the beginning of unix shell scripts 3 403 text file ieee std 1003 1 2017 edition ieee computer society retrieved 2019 03 01 3 206 line ieee std 1003 1 2013 edition ieee computer society retrieved 2015 12 15 3 284 printable file ieee std 1003 1 2013 edition ieee computer society retrieved 2015 12 15 a b system declared uniform type identifiers guides and sample code apple inc 2009 11 17 retrieved 2016 09 12 a b designing scripts for cross platform deployment mac developer library apple inc 2014 03 10 retrieved 2016 09 12 external links edit c2 the power of plain text v t e computer files types binary file text file file format list of file formats file signatures magic number metafile sidecar file sparse file swap file system file temporary file zero byte file properties filename 8 3 filename long filename filename mangling filename extension list of filename extensions file attribute extended file attributes file size hidden file hidden directory organisation directory folder ntfs links temporary folder directory structure file sequence file system filesystem hierarchy standard path operations open close read write linking file descriptor hard link shortcut alias shadow symbolic link management file comparison data compression file manager comparison of file managers file system permissions file transfer file sharing file verification retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title text_file oldid 1114711171 categories text file formats computer data hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from december 2015 all articles needing additional references navigation menu personal tools not logged in talk contributions create account log in namespaces article talk english views read edit view history more search navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us donate contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file tools what links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information cite this page wikidata item print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons languages afrikaans العربية беларуская български català čeština dansk deutsch eesti ελληνικά español فارسی français 한국어 hrvatski bahasa indonesia italiano עברית қазақша magyar 日本語 polski português română русский simple english slovenčina српски srpski suomi svenska தமிழ் ไทย українська vèneto 吴语 粵語 中文 edit links this page was last edited on 7 october 2022 at 21 59 utc text is available under the creative 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