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Text of the page (random words):
ons could be reassigned at discretion and according to need judicious selection from the available allocation could result in clever meanings and result in an aptronym or backronym although policy was to select words that had no obviously deducible connection with what they were supposed to be concealing those for the major conference meetings had a partial naming sequence referring to devices or instruments which had an ordinal number as part of their meaning e g the third meeting was trident joseph stalin whose last name means man of steel was given the name glyptic meaning an image carved out of stone reference glossary of names 2 from u s army in world war ii washington command post the operations division world war ii allied operations 3 abbreviations acronyms codewords terms appearing in ww ii histories and documents 4 information from original files held at the national archives formerly the public record office which hold the publicly available records of central government for the uk german code names edit ewen montagu a british naval intelligence officer discloses in beyond top secret ultra that during world war ii nazi germany habitually used ad hoc code names as nicknames which often openly revealed or strongly hinted at their content or function some german code names golfplatz german for golf course britain employed by the abwehr samland the united states from uncle sam employed by the abwehr heimdall a god whose power was to see for a hundred miles long range radar wotan an aerial bombing navigation system knowing that the god wotan had only one eye r v jones a british scientist working for air intelligence of the british air ministry and sis inferred that the device used a single beam and from that determined correctly how it must work a counter system was quickly created which made wotan useless operation seelöwe sea lion plans to invade britain lions being prominent in the coat of arms of the united kingdom operation barbarossa frederick barbarossa plans to go east and invade the soviet union conversely operation wacht am rhein watch on the rhine was deliberately named to suggest the opposite of its purpose a defensive watch as opposed to a massive blitzkrieg operation just as was operation weserübung weser exercise which signified the plans to invade norway and denmark in april 1940 code names of other powers edit britain and the united states developed the security policy of assigning code names intended to give no such clues to the uninitiated for example the british counter measures against the v 2 was called operation crossbow the atomic bomb project centered in new mexico was called the manhattan project derived from the manhattan engineer district which managed the program the code name for the american a 12 sr 71 spy plane project producing the fastest highest flying aircraft in the world was oxcart the american group that planned that country s first icbm was called the teapot committee although the word could stand for a menace to shipping in this case that of japan the american code name for the attack on the subtropical island of okinawa in world war ii was operation iceberg the soviet union s project to base missiles in cuba was named operation anadyr after their closest bomber base to the us just across the bering strait from nome alaska the names of colors are generally avoided in american practice to avoid confusion with meteorological reporting practices britain in contrast made deliberately non meaningful use of them through the system of rainbow codes aircraft recognition reporting names edit see also world war ii allied names for japanese aircraft although german and italian aircraft were not given code names by their allied opponents in 1942 captain frank t mccoy an intelligence officer of the usaaf invented a system for the identification of japanese military aircraft initially using short hillbilly boys names such as pete jake and rufe the system was later extended to include girls names and names of trees and birds and became widely used by the allies throughout the pacific theater of war this type of naming scheme differs from the other use of code names in that it does not have to be kept secret but is a means of identification where the official nomenclature is unknown or uncertain the policy of recognition reporting names was continued into the cold war for soviet other warsaw pact and communist chinese aircraft although this was started by the air standards co ordinating committee ascc formed by the united states uk canada australia and new zealand it was extended throughout nato as the nato reporting name for aircraft rockets and missiles these names were considered by the soviets as being like a nickname given to one s unit by the opponents in a battle the soviets did not like the sukhoi su 25 getting the code name frogfoot citation needed however some names were appropriate such as condor for the antonov an 124 or most famously fulcrum for the mikoyan mig 29 which had a pivotal role in soviet air strategy code names were adopted by the following process aerial or space reconnaissance would note a new aircraft at a warsaw pact airbase the intelligence units would then assign it a code name consisting of the official abbreviation of the base then a letter for example ram a signifying an aircraft sighted at ramenskoye airport missiles were given designations like tt 5 for the fifth rocket seen at tyura tam when more information resulted in knowing a bit about what a missile was used for it would be given a designation like ss 6 for the sixth surface to surface missile design reported finally when either an aircraft or a missile was able to be photographed with a hand held camera instead of a reconnaissance aircraft it was given a name like flanker or scud always an english word as international pilots worldwide are required to learn english the soviet manufacturer or designation which may be mistakenly inferred by nato has nothing to do with it jet powered aircraft received two syllable names like foxbat while propeller aircraft were designated with short names like bull fighter names began with an f bombers with a b cargo aircraft with a c training aircraft and reconnaissance aircraft were grouped under the word miscellaneous and received m the same convention applies to missiles with air launched ground attack missiles beginning with the letter k and surface to surface missiles ranging from intercontinental ballistic missiles to antitank rockets with the letter s air to air missiles a and surface to air missiles g military operations since churchill edit throughout the second world war the british allocation practice favored one word code names jubilee frankton that of the americans favored longer compound words although the name overlord was personally chosen by winston churchill himself many examples of both types can be cited as can exceptions winston churchill was particular about the quality of code names he insisted that code words especially for dangerous operations would be not overly grand nor petty nor common one emotional goal he mentions is to never have to report to anyone that their son was killed in an operation called bunnyhug or ballyhoo 5 presently british forces tend to use one word names presumably in keeping with their post world war ii policy of reserving single words for operations and two word names for exercises british operation code names are usually randomly generated by a computer and rarely reveal its components or any political implications unlike the american names e g the 2003 invasion of iraq was called operation telic compared to americans operation iraqi freedom obviously chosen for propaganda rather than secrecy americans prefer two word names whereas the canadians and australians use either the french military currently prefer names drawn from nature such as colors or the names of animals for instance opération daguet brocket deer or opération baliste triggerfish the cia uses alphabetical prefixes to designate the part of the agency supporting an operation in many cases with the united states the first word of the name has to do with the intent of the program programs with have as the first word such as have blue for the stealth fighter development are developmental programs not meant to produce a production aircraft programs that start with senior such as senior trend for the f 117 are for aircraft in testing meant to enter production citation needed in the united states code names are commonly set entirely in upper case this is not done in other countries though for the uk in british documents the code name is in upper case while operation is shortened to op e g op telic this presents an opportunity for a bit of public relations operation just cause or for controversy over the naming choice operation infinite justice renamed operation enduring freedom computers are now used to aid in the selection and further there is a distinction between the secret names during former wars and the published names of recent ones project code name edit a project code name is a code name usually a single word short phrase or acronym which is given to a project being developed by industry academia government and other concerns project code names are typically used for several reasons to uniquely identify the project within the organization code names are frequently chosen to be outside the normal business domain jargon that the organization uses in order to not conflict with established terminology to assist with maintaining secrecy of the project against rival concerns some corporations routinely change project names in order to further confuse competitors when the goal of the project is to develop one or more commercial products use of a code name allows the eventual choice of product nomenclature the name the product s are marketed and sold under to be decoupled from the development effort this is especially important when one project generates multiple products or multiple projects are needed to produce a single product this allows for subprojects to be given a separate identity from the main project to decouple an early phase of a development effort which may have failed from a subsequent phase which may be given a fresh start as a political tool to prevent casual observers from concluding that a pre release version is a new release of the product thus helping reduce confusion different organizations have different policies regarding the use and publication of project code names some companies take great pains to never discuss or disclose project code names outside of the company other than with outside entities who have a need to know and typically are bound with a non disclosure agreement other companies never use them in official or formal communications but widely disseminate project code names through informal channels often in an attempt to create a marketing buzz for the project still others such as microsoft discuss code names publicly and routinely use project code names on beta releases and such but remove them from final product s in the case of windows 95 the code name chicago was left embedded in the inf file structure and remained required through windows me at the other end of the spectrum apple computer includes the project code names for mac os x as part of the official name of the final product a practice that was started in 2002 with mac os x v10 2 jaguar google and the aosp also used this for their android operating system until 2013 where the code name was different from the release name famous code names edit military edit operation anthropoid assassination of top nazi reinhard heydrich in prague operation arc light united states air force b 52 bombing campaign during the vietnam war operation barbarossa german invasion of the soviet union operation black tornado began on 26 november 2008 and lasted until 29 november when india s national security guards nsg conducted operation black tornado to flush out the attackers from the hotel taj mahal mumbai operation blue star was an indian military operation which took place 3 8 june 1984 in order to remove jarnail singh bhindranwale and his armed followers from the harmandir sahib in amritsar punjab india operation market garden failed invasion of germany 1944 operation morero south african special forces sent to the central african republic to protect president françois bozizé operation neptune spear the operation was carried out in a central intelligence agency led operation in which osama bin laden the founder and head of the islamist militant group al qaeda was killed in pakistan on may 2 2011 by navy seals of the u s naval special warfare development group geronimo the code name for osama bin laden during operation neptune s spear operation desert storm the us code name of the airland conflict from 17 january 1991 through 11 april 1991 in kuwait during the first gulf war operation overlord allied invasion of normandy operation rolling thunder the sustained bombing campaign conducted against north vietnam by the united states and south vietnam operation sea lion the planned invasion of britain by nazi germany which was never carried out operation shakti pokhran ii refers to the series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by india at the indian army s pokhran test range in may 1998 it was initiated with the detonation of one fusion and three fission bombs operation torch british american invasion of north africa in 1942 manhattan project with trinity little boy and fat man u s nuclear weapons program during world war ii mkultra cia project an attempt at mind control technology technique smiling buddha pokhran i was an assigned code name of india s first nuclear weapon explosion which took place on 18 may 1974 the device was detonated by the indian army in the long constructed army base pokhran test range it was also the first confirmed nuclear test by a nation outside the five permanent members of the united nations security council project 706 with chagai i and chagai ii an early pakistani secret code name for its nuclear weapons programme during the cold war tank originally a code name adopted in 1915 by the british government for the first tracked armoured vehicles which were then under development tube alloys british nuclear program commercial edit further information list of computer technology code names and working title amd have also been naming their cpus since 90 nm generations under the k8 micro architecture after the name of cities around the world for the cpus under the phenom brand the names of stars were used as code names for opteron server cpus and platforms cities related to the ferrari formula one team were used mobile platforms are named after birds except for puma for example single core athlon 64 and athlon 64 fx newcastle venice san diego and lima dual core athlon 64 x2 and athlon 64 fx manchester toledo windsor and brisbane phenom cpus...