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ter the start of the russian invasion of ukraine ibm ceo arvind krishna published a ukrainian flag and announced that we have suspended all business in russia all russian articles were also removed from the ibm website 82 said krishna on 7 june as the consequences of the war continue to mount and uncertainty about its long term ramifications grows we have now made the decision to carry out an orderly wind down of ibm s business in russia 83 ibm has regularly sold off low margin assets while shifting its focus to higher value more profitable markets examples include 1991 spun off its printer and keyboard manufacturing division the ibm information products corporation to lexmark 1995 ibm accquired rational software 2002 2020 acquired pwc consulting 2002 spss 2009 the weather company 2016 red hat 2019 and european cloud consultant nordcloud 2020 84 2005 and 2014 respectively sold its personal computer thinkpad thinkcentre and x86 based server system x business to lenovo 2015 ibm adopted a fabless model with semiconductors design while offloading manufacturing to globalfoundries 2021 ibm spun off its managed infrastructure services unit into a new public company named kyndryl 85 86 ibm also announced the acquisition of the enterprise software company turbonomic for 1 5 billion 87 2022 ibm announced that it would sell watson health to the private equity firm francisco partners 88 2022 ibm acquired databand a provider of data observability software 89 headquarters and offices edit ibm chq in armonk new york in 2014 pangu plaza one of ibm s offices in beijing china ibm is headquartered in armonk new york a community 37 miles 60 km north of midtown manhattan 90 a nickname for the company is the colossus of armonk 91 its principal building referred to as chq is a 283 000 square foot 26 300 m 2 glass and stone edifice on a 25 acre 10 ha parcel amid a 432 acre former apple orchard the company purchased in the mid 1950s 92 there are two other ibm buildings within walking distance of chq the north castle office which previously served as ibm s headquarters and the louis v gerstner jr center for learning 93 formerly known as ibm learning center ilc a resort hotel and training center which has 182 guest rooms 31 meeting rooms and various amenities 94 ibm operates in 174 countries as of 2016 update 2 with mobility centers in smaller markets areas and major campuses in the larger ones in new york city ibm has several offices besides chq including the ibm watson headquarters at astor place in manhattan outside of new york major campuses in the united states include austin texas research triangle park raleigh durham north carolina rochester minnesota and silicon valley california ibm s real estate holdings are varied and globally diverse towers occupied by ibm include 1250 rené lévesque montreal canada and one atlantic center atlanta georgia usa in beijing china ibm occupies pangu plaza 95 the city s seventh tallest building and overlooking beijing national stadium bird s nest home to the 2008 summer olympics ibm india private limited is the indian subsidiary of ibm which is headquartered at bangalore karnataka it has facilities in ahmedabad delhi kolkata mumbai chennai pune gurugram noida bhubaneshwar surat coimbatore visakhapatnam hyderabad bangalore and jamshedpur other notable buildings include the ibm rome software lab rome italy hursley house winchester uk 330 north wabash chicago illinois united states the cambridge scientific center cambridge massachusetts united states the ibm toronto software lab toronto canada the ibm building johannesburg johannesburg south africa the ibm building seattle seattle washington united states the ibm hakozaki facility tokyo japan the ibm yamato facility yamato japan the ibm canada head office building ontario canada and the watson iot headquarters 96 munich germany defunct ibm campuses include the ibm somers office complex somers new york spango valley greenock scotland and tour descartes paris france the company s contributions to industrial architecture and design include works by marcel breuer eero saarinen ludwig mies van der rohe i m pei and ricardo legorreta van der rohe s building in chicago was recognized with the 1990 honor award from the national building museum 97 ibm was recognized as one of the top 20 best workplaces for commuters by the united states environmental protection agency epa in 2005 which recognized fortune 500 companies that provided employees with excellent commuter benefits to help reduce traffic and air pollution 98 in 2004 concerns were raised related to ibm s contribution in its early days to pollution in its original location in endicott new york 99 100 finance edit for the fiscal year 2020 ibm reported earnings of 5 6 billion with an annual revenue of 73 6 billion ibm s revenue has fallen for 8 of the last 9 years 101 ibm s market capitalization was valued at over 127 billion as of april 2021 102 ibm ranked no 38 on the 2020 fortune 500 rankings of the largest united states corporations by total revenue 103 ibm has been criticized for using financial engineering to hit its quarterly earnings targets rather than investing for the longer term 104 105 106 year revenue in mil us net income in mil us total assets in mil us price per share in us employees 2005 91 134 7 934 105 748 61 80 329 373 2006 91 424 9 492 103 234 62 01 355 766 2007 98 786 10 418 120 431 80 04 386 558 2008 103 630 12 334 109 524 84 49 398 455 2009 95 758 13 425 109 022 85 67 399 409 2010 99 870 14 833 113 452 105 32 426 751 2011 106 916 15 855 116 433 138 97 433 362 2012 102 874 16 604 119 213 162 46 434 246 2013 98 367 16 483 126 223 163 30 431 212 2014 92 793 12 022 117 271 156 69 379 592 2015 81 741 13 190 110 495 137 27 377 757 2016 79 919 11 872 117 470 138 09 380 300 2017 79 139 5 753 125 356 149 76 366 600 2018 79 591 8 723 123 382 139 90 350 600 2019 77 100 9 400 152 186 126 85 352 600 2020 73 620 5 590 155 971 125 88 345 900 2021 57 350 5 743 132 001 133 66 282 100 ibm s financial statements from 2021 annual report have adjusted revenue income numbers employee count for the previous years to account for discontinued operations related to the separation of kyndryl carbon footprint edit ibm reported total co2e emissions direct indirect for the twelve months ending 31 december 2020 at 621 kt 324 34 3 y o y 107 ibm s annual total co 2 e emissions market based scope 1 scope 2 in kilotonnes dec 2015 dec 2016 dec 2017 dec 2018 dec 2019 dec 2020 1 454 108 1 247 109 1 202 110 1 088 111 945 112 621 107 in february 2021 ibm committed to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2030 113 products and services edit see also list of ibm products blue gene was awarded the national medal of technology and innovation in 2009 ibm has a large and diverse portfolio of products and services as of 2016 update these offerings fall into the categories of cloud computing artificial intelligence commerce data and analytics internet of things iot 114 it infrastructure mobile digital workplace 115 and cybersecurity 116 ibm cloud includes infrastructure as a service iaas software as a service saas and platform as a service paas offered through public private and hybrid cloud delivery models for instance the ibm bluemix paas enables developers to quickly create complex websites on a pay as you go model ibm softlayer is a dedicated server managed hosting and cloud computing provider which in 2011 reported hosting more than 81 000 servers for more than 26 000 customers 117 ibm also provides cloud data encryption services icdes using cryptographic splitting to secure customer data 118 ibm also hosts the industry wide cloud computing and mobile technologies conference interconnect each year 119 hardware designed by ibm for these categories include ibm s power microprocessors which are employed inside many console gaming systems including xbox 360 120 playstation 3 and nintendo s wii u 121 122 ibm secure blue is encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors 123 and in 2014 the company revealed truenorth a neuromorphic cmos integrated circuit and announced a 3 billion investment over the following five years to design a neural chip that mimics the human brain with 10 billion neurons and 100 trillion synapses but that uses just 1 kilowatt of power 124 in 2016 the company launched all flash arrays designed for small and midsized companies which includes software for data compression provisioning and snapshots across various systems 125 it outsourcing also represents a major service provided by ibm with more than 60 data centers worldwide 126 alphaworks is ibm s source for emerging software technologies and spss is a software package used for statistical analysis ibm s kenexa suite provides employment and retention solutions buzzword and includes the brassring an applicant tracking system used by thousands of companies for recruiting 127 ibm also owns the weather company which provides weather forecasting and includes weather com and weather underground 128 smarter planet is an initiative that seeks to achieve economic growth near term efficiency sustainable development and societal progress 129 130 targeting opportunities such as smart grids 131 water management systems 132 solutions to traffic congestion 133 and greener buildings 134 services provisions include redbooks which are publicly available online books about best practices with ibm products and developerworks a website for software developers and it professionals with how to articles and tutorials as well as software downloads code samples discussion forums podcasts blogs wikis and other resources for developers and technical professionals 135 ibm watson is a technology platform that uses natural language processing and machine learning to reveal insights from large amounts of unstructured data 136 watson was debuted in 2011 on the american game show jeopardy where it competed against champions ken jennings and brad rutter in a three game tournament and won watson has since been applied to business healthcare developers and universities for example ibm has partnered with memorial sloan kettering cancer center to assist with considering treatment options for oncology patients and for doing melanoma screenings 137 also several companies have begun using watson for call centers either replacing or assisting customer service agents 138 ibm q system one 2019 the first circuit based commercial quantum computer in january 2019 ibm introduced its first commercial quantum computer ibm q system one 139 ibm also provides infrastructure for the new york city police department through their ibm cognos analytics to perform data visualizations of compstat crime data 140 in march 2020 it was announced that ibm will build the first quantum computer in germany the computer should allow researchers to harness the technology without falling foul of the eu s increasingly assertive stance on data sovereignty 141 in may 2022 ibm announced the company had signed a multi year strategic collaboration agreement with amazon web services to make a wide variety of ibm software available as a service on aws marketplace additionally the deal includes both companies to make joint investments that make it easier for companies to consume ibm s offering and integrate them with aws including developer training and software development for select markets 142 research edit the thomas j watson research center in yorktown heights new york is one of 12 ibm research labs worldwide ibm fellow benoit mandelbrot discusses fractal geometry 2010 research has been a part of ibm since its founding and its organized efforts trace their roots back to 1945 when the watson scientific computing laboratory was founded at columbia university in new york city converting a renovated fraternity house on manhattan s west side into ibm s first laboratory now ibm research constitutes the largest industrial research organization in the world with 12 labs on 6 continents 143 ibm research is headquartered at the thomas j watson research center in new york and facilities include the almaden lab in california austin lab in texas australia lab in melbourne brazil lab in são paulo and rio de janeiro china lab in beijing and shanghai ireland lab in dublin haifa lab in israel india lab in delhi and bangalore tokyo lab zurichlab and africa lab in nairobi in terms of investment ibm s r d expenditure totals several billion dollars each year in 2012 that expenditure was approximately 6 9 billion 144 recent allocations have included 1 billion to create a business unit for watson in 2014 and 3 billion to create a next gen semiconductor along with 4 billion towards growing the company s strategic imperatives cloud analytics mobile security social in 2015 145 ibm has been a leading proponent of the open source initiative and began supporting linux in 1998 146 the company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on linux through the ibm linux technology center which includes over 300 linux kernel developers 147 ibm has also released code under different open source licenses such as the platform independent software framework eclipse worth approximately 40 million at the time of the donation 148 the three sentence international components for unicode icu license and the java based relational database management system rdbms apache derby ibm s open source involvement has not been trouble free however see sco v ibm famous inventions and developments by ibm include the automated teller machine atm dynamic random access memory dram the electronic keypunch the financial swap the floppy disk the hard disk drive the magnetic stripe card the relational database risc the sabre airline reservation system sql the universal product code upc bar code and the virtual machine additionally in 1990 company scientists used a scanning tunneling microscope to arrange 35 individual xenon atoms to spell out the company acronym marking the first structure assembled one atom at a time 149 a major part of ibm research is the generation of patents since its first patent for a traffic signaling device ibm has been one of the world s most prolific patent sources as of 2020 the company holds the record for most patents generated by a business marking 28 consecutive years for the achievement 8 five ibm employees have received the nobel prize leo esaki of the thomas j watson research center in yorktown heights n y in 1973 for work in semiconductors gerd binnig and heinrich rohrer of the zurich research center in 1986 for the scanning tunneling microscope 150 and georg bednorz and alex müller also of zurich in 1987 for research in superconductivity the turing award has been won by six ibm employees including the first female recipient frances e allen 151 ten national medals of technology usa and five national medals of science usa have been awarded to ibm employees ibm researchers like gautam siwach 152 works and leads discussio...