Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

edit, navigation, cervical, tools, phosphatodraco, contents, discovery, description, classification, paleobiology, paleoenvironment, see, also, references, menu, interpretations, of, vertebra, order, vertebrae, feeding, and, ecological, niche, locomotion, bibliography, personal, namespaces, views, search, contribute, print, export, in, other, projects, languages,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (444), and (218), from (66), that (62), phosphatodraco (54), vertebrae (50), with (47), their (47), have (39), been (35), pterosaurs (34), were (34), #cervical (34), which (34), this (33), was (33), pterosaur (32), vertebra (32), cretaceous (29), they (28), azhdarchids (27), other (25), are (25), colleagues (25), azhdarchid (24), found (24), kellner (23), fossils (22), had (22), for (22), late (21), witton (20), suberbiola (19), pereda (19), doi (19), long (18), preserved (18), its (18), neck (17), but (17), neural (17), not (16), morocco (16), wing (16), also (16), known (16), part (16), being (16), edit (15), 2021 (15), upper (15), considered (15), centrum (15), quetzalcoatlus (14), specimen (14), has (14), some (14), about (13), description (13), maastrichtian (13), these (13), africa (12), two (12), small (12), during (12), lower (12), would (12), than (12), side (12), order (12), genus (12), below (11), one (11), suggested (11), spine (11), front (11), 2003 (10), phosphates (10), new (10), naish (10), such (10), like (10), left (10), based (10), features (10), interpretation (10), last (9), azhdarchidae (9), longrich (9), alexander (9), first (9), s2cid (9), size (9), same (9), similar (9), couche (9), iii (9), series (9), noted (9), most (9), them (9), relatively (9), those (9), wikipedia (8), tethydraco (8), see (8), 2013 (8), morphology (8), large (8), martill (8), well (8), terrestrial (8), top (8), group (8), though (8), since (8), holotype (8), view (7), may (7), species (7), short (7), fossil (7), described (7), 1016 (7), research (7), david (7), basin (7), 2018 (7), extinction (7), phosphatic (7), there (7), only (7), due (7), surface (7), almost (7), complete (7), paleontologist (7), bone (7), hind (7), length (7), more (6), different (6), taxa (6), zhejiangopterus (6), pterodactyloidea (6), clade (6), cretres (6), north (6), pmid (6), marine (6), thick (6), time (6), ground (6), could (6), birds (6), thought (6), compared (6), instead (6), when (6), back (6), between (6), ribs (6), condyle (6), preceding (6), bones (6), taxon (5), eurazhdarcho (5), arambourgiania (5), aralazhdarcho (5), pterosauria (5), 978 (5), isbn (5), nicholas (5), xabier (5), 2020 (5), 2017 (5), andres (5), mark (5), pmc (5), probably (5), 2015 (5), including (5), fish (5), remains (5), indeterminate (5), ouled (5), abdoun (5), very (5), indicates (5), assigned (5), according (5), end (5), niche (5), associated (5), right (5), mid (5), sides (5), frontmost (5), visible (5), developed (5), processes (5), five (5), located (5), following (5), where (5), followed (5), site (4), page (4), 2022 (4), article (4), main (4), articles (4), siroccopteryx (4), quetzalcoatlinae (4), azhdarcho (4), aerotitan (4), montanazhdarcho (4), pterosauromorpha (4), anatomy (4), brian (4), 217 (4), journal (4), darren (4), arch (4), bibcode (4), 2014 (4), 2010 (4), labita (4), mauretania (4), paleogene (4), animals (4), although (4), age (4), years (4), level (4), shape (4), flying (4), environments (4), feeding (4), researchers (4), through (4), jaws (4), necks (4), moroccan (4), made (4), supported (4), mauritanicus (4), pneumatic (4), foramina (4), canal (4), margin (4), all (4), elongated (4), near (4), prezygapophyses (4), oval (4), identified (4), prominent (4), region (4), high (4), wide (4), missing (4), square (4), concave (4), estimated (4), connected (4), longer (4), span (4), single (4), fsac (4), name (4), phosphate (4), additional (3), wikidata (3), special (3), changes (3), navigation (3), multiple (3), org (3), paleontology (3), camposipterus (3), volgadraco (3), pteranodontidae (3), pteranodontoidea (3), albadraco (3), alanqa (3), azhdarchiformes (3), xericeps (3), lacusovagus (3), argentinadraco (3), keresdrakon (3), azhdarchoidea (3), ornithocheiroidea (3), normannognathus (3), pterodactylomorpha (3), peteinosaurus (3), avemetatarsalia (3), crescent (3), jalil (3), nour (3), eddine (3), giant (3), 257 (3), 1080 (3), vertebrate (3), romania (3), rodrigo (3), indicate (3), necked (3), specimens (3), vremir (3), robust (3), material (3), articulated (3), cross (3), genera (3), original (3), assemblage (3), deposited (3), contemporary (3), animal (3), dinosaurs (3), rare (3), unit (3), million (3), ago (3), bottom (3), used (3), area (3), early (3), along (3), shows (3), limbs (3), body (3), feet (3), proportions (3), water (3), flight (3), soaring (3), broad (3), suited (3), terrestrially (3), diversity (3), towards (3), others (3), thereby (3), spans (3), larger (3), areas (3), skull (3), point (3), prey (3), possibly (3), settings (3), stated (3), example (3), until (3), did (3), historically (3), skim (3), feeders (3), compressed (3), appear (3), ecological (3), skeleton (3), sister (3), included (3), above (3), parallel (3), previous (3), classification (3), consisting (3), hindmost (3), having (3), process (3), transverse (3), slightly (3), nearly (3), shaped (3), placed (3), tall (3), truncated (3), far (3), shorter (3), hindward (3), postzygapophyses (3), longest (3), broken (3), second (3), called (3), diagnosis (3), middle (3), largest (3), comparison (3), estimate (3), too (3), reinterpretation (3), damaged (3), originally (3), represent (3), elements (3), collected (3), collection (3), des (3), describers (3), ocp (3), daoui (3), discovery (3), contact (2), privacy (2), policy (2), terms (2), using (2), non (2), wikimedia (2), commons (2), links (2), wikispecies (2), projects (2), information (2), pages (2), upload (2), file (2), related (2), what (2), here (2), tools (2), help (2), contents (2), search (2), history (2), views (2), talk (2), categories (2), https (2), ludodactylus (2), guidraco (2), cearadactylus (2), caulkicephalus (2), uktenadactylus (2), coloborhynchus (2), tropeognathus (2), mythunga (2), ferrodraco (2), hamipterus (2), ornithocheiridae (2), brasileodactylus (2), targaryendraco (2), barbosania (2), aussiedraco (2), cimoliopterus (2), aetodactylus (2), draigwenia (2), linlongopterus (2), lonchodectidae (2), hongshanopterus (2), lonchodraco (2), ikrandraco (2), barbaridactylus (2), nyctosauridae (2), simurghia (2), alcione (2), cretornis (2), ornithostoma (2), bogolubovia (2), wellnhopterus (2), hatzegopteryx (2), cryodrakon (2), mistralazhdarcho (2), azhdarchinae (2), radiodactylus (2), microtuban (2), eoazhdarcho (2), bakonydraco (2), sinopterus (2), huaxiapterus (2), eopteranodon (2), leptostomia (2), banguela (2), tendaguripterus (2), altmuehlopterus (2), huanhepterus (2), moganopterinae (2), ardeadactylus (2), aurorazhdarcho (2), gallodactylidae (2), lophocratia (2), herbstosaurus (2), jeholopterus (2), dendrorhynchoides (2), anurognathidae (2), douzhanopterus (2), archaeoistiodactylus (2), sordes (2), allkaruen (2), rhamphorhynchus (2), nesodactylus (2), cacibupteryx (2), qinglongopterus (2), harpactognathus (2), parapsicephalus (2), eudimorphodon (2), carniadactylus (2), arcticodactylus (2), raeticodactylus (2), caviramus (2), preondactylia (2), austriadraco (2), phylum (2), chordata (2), kingdom (2), animalia (2), university (2), press (2), wellnhofer (2), 1991 (2), encyclopedia (2), bibliography (2), dinosaur (2), 104678 (2), khaldoune (2), fatima (2), bardet (2), nathalie (2), 105315 (2), abelisaurid (2), 255 (2), phylogenetic (2), lawson (2), 1975 (2), sup1 (2), 02724634 (2), taxonomy (2), solomon (2), alexandru (2), sized (2), transylvania (2), 104316 (2), 2019 (2), 110 (2), pêgas (2), costa (2), fabiana (2), comments (2), phylogeny (2), 104998 (2), sudamericanus (2), peerj (2), predators (2), moser (2), markus (2), 1144 (2), 455 (2), geological (2), society (2), london (2), publications (2), philadelphiae (2), mátyás (2), 3827 (2), averianov (2), 432 (2), zookeys (2), rodrigues (2), historical (2), biology (2), 2011 (2), paleontologia (2), kem (2), beds (2), 2007 (2), eds (2), claudio (2), 104679 (2), 2008 (2), 1371 (2), plos (2), functional (2), william (2), 102338 (2), oxford (2), dictionary (2), algeria (2), references (2), matrix (2), gray (2), mosasaur (2), close (2), skeletal (2), mosasaurs (2), sediments (2), pteranodontid (2), presence (2), chenanisaurus (2), period (2), consists (2), containing (2), yellow (2), soft (2), kind (2), usually (2), dating (2), eastern (2), stratigraphy (2), paleoenvironment (2), korea (2), trackway (2), good (2), swimmers (2), hand (2), groups (2), haenamichnus (2), abilities (2), generally (2), possible (2), wings (2), unlikely (2), adaptations (2), foraging (2), studies (2), able (2), especially (2), present (2), locomotion (2), decreasing (2), impression (2), result (2), lineages (2), diverse (2), niches (2), therefore (2), filled (2), extinct (2), consistent (2), stiffened (2), strata (2), proposed (2), over (2), deposits (2), wading (2), slender (2), either (2), generalists (2), foraged (2), event (2), hornbills (2), storks (2), pointed (2), out (2), probers (2), sediment (2), coastal (2), despite (2), lacked (2), sideways (2), section (2), showing (2), without (2), reconstructed (2), paleobiology (2), northropi (2), lawsoni (2), pose (2), analysis (2), distinct (2), feature (2), viewed (2), internal (2), cautioned (2), third (2), member (2), low (2), centra (2), preservation (2), rest (2), ovoid (2), differ (2), cervicalized (2), seven (2), nine (2), dorsal (2), connects (2), later (2), fused (2), seen (2), life (2), vertical (2), edges (2), downwards (2), times (2), flat (2), postzygapophys (2), height (2), each (2), base (2), spinal (2), cord (2), passed (2), does (2), 190 (2), perhaps (2), cotyle (2), sulcus (2), prezygapophys (2), becoming (2), longitudinal (2), midline (2), best (2), distorted (2), projection (2), fragments (2), crushing (2), suite (2), distinguish (2), actually (2), correct (2), listed (2), fourth (2), types (2), skulls (2), much (2), proportionally (2), arm (2), fingers (2), among (2), metacarpals (2), vertebral (2), who (2), 865 (2), concurred (2), crushed (2), paleontologists (2), change (2), interpreted (2), cervicals (2), abbreviated (2), yet (2), individual (2), interpretations (2), nature (2), humerus (2), casablanca (2), latin (2), refers (2), family (2), preserving (2), specific (2), dragon (2), discovered (2), 2000 (2), sidi (2), mine (2), mines (2), stratigraphic (2), location (2), how (2), distinguished (2), jump (2), web (2), cookie, statement, statistics, developers, mobile, disclaimers, text, available, under, apply, you, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, inc, use, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, edited, october, utc, slovenčina, русский, occitan, 日本語, nederlands, עברית, italiano, français, فارسی, español, deutsch, čeština, languages, printable, version, download, pdf, print, export, item, cite, permanent, link, recent, community, portal, learn, contribute, donate, random, current, events, read, english, namespaces, log, create, account, contributions, logged, personal, menu, hidden, image, auto, scaled, images, microformats, featured, reptiles, retrieved, index, php, title, oldid, 1114619909, portals, 1165387, irmng, 4818537, gbif, 156768, fossilworks, 10518842, eol, q754604, identifiers, maaradactylus, liaoningopterus, anhanguera, anhanguerinae, nicorhynchus, aerodraco, coloborhynchinae, thapunngaka, amblydectes, tropeognathinae, anhangueridae, iberodactylus, hamipteridae, anhangueria, targaryendraconidae, cimoliopteridae, targaryendraconia, ornithocheirus, ornithocheirinae, arthurdactylus, araripesaurus, ornithocheirae, zhenyuanopterus, boreopterus, boreopteridae, ornithocheiriformes, liaoxipterus, istiodactylus, istiodactylinae, nurhachius, luchibang, longchengpterus, lingyuanopterus, istiodactylidae, mimodactylus, haopterus, mimodactylidae, yixianopterus, istiodactyliformes, lonchodraconidae, lanceodontia, lonchodectes, unwindia, serradraco, ornithocheiromorpha, nyctosaurus, muzquizopteryx, epapatelo, aponyctosauria, alamodactylus, nyctosauromorpha, pteranodon, geosternbergia, dawndraco, pteranodontia, santanadactylus, thanatosdrakon, palaeocursornis, navajodactylus, shenzhoupterus, jidapterus, chaoyangopterus, chaoyangopterinae, apatorhamphus, chaoyangopteridae, neopterodactyloidea, alanqidae, dsungaripteromorpha, azhdarchomorpha, tupandactylus, tapejara, europejara, caiuajara, tapejarini, vectidraco, caupedactylus, aymberedactylus, tapejarinae, wightia, sinopterinae, tupuxuara, thalassodromeus, kariridraco, javelinadactylus, thalassodrominae, afrotapejara, tapejaridae, nemicolopterus, bennettazhia, tapejaromorpha, neoazhdarchia, dsungaripterus, domeykodactylus, dsungaripterinae, puntanipterus, ordosipterus, noripterus, lonchognathosaurus, dsungaripteridae, tapejaroidea, piksi, eupterodactyloidea, pterodaustro, gegepterus, eosipterus, beipiaopterus, pterodaustrini, ctenochasma, ctenochasmatinae, tacuadactylus, plataleorhynchus, gnathosaurus, gnathosaurinae, moganopterus, feilongus, pterofiltrus, otogopterus, liaodactylus, kepodactylus, gladocephaloideus, forfexopterus, elanodactylus, cathayopterus, ctenochasmatidae, aurorazhdarchidae, aerodactylus, aurorazhdarchia, cycnorhamphus, ctenochasmatoidea, pterodactylus, diopecephalus, euctenochasmatia, germanodactylus, germanodactylidae, prejanopterus, archaeopterodactyloidea, wenupteryx, samrukia, pangupterus, ningchengopterus, kryptodrakon, eurolimnornis, dermodactylus, sinomacrops, cascocauda, batrachognathus, batrachognathinae, vesperopterylus, luopterus, anurognathus, anurognathinae, mesadactylus, caelidracones, changchengopterus, pterodactyliformes, wukongopterus, darwinopterus, cuspicephalus, wukongopterinae, kunpengopterus, wukongopteridae, pterorhynchus, darwinoptera, monofenestrata, scaphognathus, jianchangopterus, jianchangnathus, fenghuangopterus, scaphognathidae, digibrevisauria, rhamphorhynchini, sericipterus, dearc, angustinaripterus, angustinaripterini, rhamphorhynchae, orientognathus, dorygnathus, bellubrunnus, rhamphorhynchinae, scaphognathinae, klobiodon, dolicorhamphus, rhamphorhynchidae, breviquartossa, campylognathoides, bergamodactylus, campylognathoididae, novialoidea, lonchognatha, rhamphinion, dimorphodon, caelestiventus, dimorphodontidae, macronychoptera, zambellisauria, eudimorphodontinae, eudimorphodontidae, yelaphomte, pachagnathus, raeticodactylidae, eudimorphodontoidea, eopterosauria, seazzadactylus, austriadraconidae, caviramidae, preondactylus, austriadactylus, daohugoupterus, lagerpeton, kongonaphon, ixalerpeton, faxinalipterus, dromomeron, lagerpetidae, scleromochlus, maehary, ornithodira, class, sauropsida, 1st, princeton, 691, 15061, natural, evolution, books, 517, 03701, illustrated, pyron, duckbill, hadrosauridae, lambeosaurinae, role, oceanic, dispersal, biogeography, 120, yazami, oussama, khadiri, predatory, mosasaurid, squamata, 140, thalassotitan, atrox, jourani, essaid, latest, 021, 258, systematics, 203, 245078533, 1801703, 249, langston, wann, 202, 245125409, 1907587, codrea, vlad, venczel, márton, grellet, tinner, gerald, 213808137, holgado, borja, ortiz, leonardo, baiano, mattia, neuquén, argentina, azhdarchoid, jaw, 238725853, 129, e2908, 28133577, 5248582, 7717, 2908, biomechanics, transylvanian, topotype, attributable, arambourg, 1959, 159, 169, 132649124, sp455, 2018gslsp, 159m, dyke, gareth, brusatte, stephen, norell, totoianu, radu, 54068293, 1206, american, museum, novitates, medium, pui, haţeg, 107, 25152671, 4141157, 3897, 7913, review, geographic, distribution, paleoenvironments, sayão, juliana, manso, jurassic, tendaguru, tanzania, 646, 655, 129851580, 08912963, 901314, taissa, mader, bryn, russell, dal, 13130, 2039, 4942, 5967, 117, rivista, italiana, stratigrafia, cenomanian, 1063, 1084, 21152777, 1590, s0001, 37652010000400025, anais, academia, brasileira, ciências, mello, amanda, martins, ford, tracy, survey, souza, carvalho, ismar, cassia, tardin, cassab, rita, schwanke, cibele, vol, interciência, 267, 8571931848, cenários, vida, 226328607, 119, e2271, 18509539, 2386974, pone, 0002271, 2008ploso, 2271w, reappraisal, paleoecology, williams, cariad, pani, martino, bucchi, andrea, smith, roy, kao, keeble, ibrahim, nizar, 33997669, 8101050, isci, 2021isci, 24j2338w, iscience, helically, arranged, struts, biomechanical, implications, weech, nassau, wilson, 2012, hornblower, simon, spawforth, antony, eidinow, esther, 4th, 913, 959667246, oclc, 954556, classical, naylor, phillip, rowman, littlefield, publishers, 376, 8108, 7919, penny, e2001663, 29534059, 5849296, pbio, 2001663, mass, boundary, jouve, stéphane, iarochène, mohamed, bouya, baâdi, amaghzaz, mbarek, 135043714, gsl, 2003gslsp, 79s, timeline, list, mottled, orange, contained, nodules, sharks, rays, turtles, suggests, environment, include, nyctosaurids, fauna, overwhelmingly, coast, nearby, sauropod, ajnabia, hadrosaur, bothremydid, plesiosaurs, elasmosaurid, halisaurus, mosasaurus, platecarpus, stratodus, prognathodon, enchodus, rhombodus, serratolamna, ended, condensed, thin, levels, grey, bed, marly, separating, brown, stripes, overlay, marl, complicates, attempts, correlated, basis, shark, teeth, confirmed, flooded, tethys, sea, atlantic, ocean, embayment, istope, oxygen, carbon, biostratigraphy, limestone, marls, moving, coastline, trackways, matches, walked, held, directly, underneath, proficient, launch, summarized, ideas, adapted, musculature, allowed, flapping, swans, geese, potentially, supposed, bias, fly, fast, adequate, amount, fat, muscle, nourishment, geographical, barriers, obstacles, albatross, posture, inferred, tracks, gone, gradually, poor, records, latter, existed, increased, earlier, faunas, ages, outcompete, remained, exceeding, avoided, indicated, abrupt, gradual, caused, catastrophic, freed, then, led, cenozoic, evolutionary, radiation, chicxulub, impact, campanian, santonian, partitioning, signor, lipps, effect, elaborated, book, striding, vegetated, downturned, reaching, advantage, lowering, raising, head, give, vantage, searching, enable, grab, fruit, study, reinterpreted, might, less, jordan, truly, aquatic, rivers, lakes, off, shore, inhabited, inland, taphonomic, contexts, half, surveyed, occurrences, lifeforms, ill, lifestyles, pads, argued, termed, stalkers, kinds, carrion, apparent, proficiency, inflexible, providing, generalist, lifestyle, explain, resilience, survived, went, bird, alluvial, fluvial, waders, aerial, living, fed, trawling, while, catching, general, eaters, unusual, assumed, occupied, evidence, mode, support, cranial, shock, absorbing, required, triangular, unlike, piscivores, terns, skimmers, stork, scavengers, diagrams, thambema, brevirostris, boreas, linhaiensis, langendorfensis, bostobensis, maggii, tharmisensis, lancicollis, minor, langstoni, reduction, recovered, subclade, placement, within, cladogram, performed, joined, clear, ancestrally, shared, straight, defined, node, specifiers, fall, outside, undesirable, otherwise, consistently, stability, sake, should, added, specifier, synapomorphy, kazakhstan, evolutionarily, lost, absent, spines, prezygapophyseal, tubercles, pair, sulci, lack, surfaces, distinguishing, vestigial, form, tailed, common, cotyles, condyles, postexapophyses, demarcated, incorporated, into, total, number, varies, breast, eight, least, pterodactyloids, pterdactyloid, dorsals, adults, structure, shoulder, notarium, sternum, pterodactyloid, restoration, projected, acted, attachment, points, muscles, ligaments, terminates, blunt, depression, project, circular, diameter, around, wider, postexapophysis, none, preserve, development, fragment, texture, next, measuring, 150, notable, measured, margins, vertically, perpendicular, forms, differs, postexaphophyseal, extend, past, characteristics, apparently, ridge, extending, bulges, narrower, diverge, widely, protuberance, cannot, accurately, determined, 225, procoelous, horn, rounded, indication, holes, appears, twice, egg, hypapophysis, keel, diminishes, groove, prezygapophysis, postexapophys, tubercle, hollow, outer, layer, 039, vary, 300, postzygapophysis, convex, articular, preexapophys, lying, plane, postexapophysial, cortical, case, note, suggestion, represents, diagnostic, inaccurate, refer, upwards, ratio, maximum, width, lengths, shown, ten, closer, crests, lightened, solidly, built, connect, pelvises, hindlimbs, combined, legs, taller, standing, narrow, covered, hair, pycnofibers, membranes, air, sacs, pneumatized, column, referred, comparable, smaller, reached, metres, grouped, midsized, his, turquoise, human, subsequent, authorship, disagreed, accurate, issue, controversial, proper, add, authors, palaeontologist, even, interesting, cautious, language, affected, decay, fossilisation, element, fifth, together, giving, shift, validity, distinctness, geography, reevaluated, scheme, axis, atlas, taphonomy, consisted, belonged, lay, continuity, overlapped, expansion, fragile, because, illustration, 251, bought, improving, methods, diggers, abundant, provenance, difficult, establish, commercial, dealers, reported, cooperation, three, similarity, completely, mature, housed, faculté, sciences, aïn, chock, industry, ulnae, derives, words, meaning, gave, etymology, sources, specify, stretching, thus, commonly, draco, catalogued, dek, 111, disarticulated, closely, likely, belonging, infilling, removed, block, mechanical, association, several, preparation, 1990s, began, localities, paleontological, field, work, city, central, northern, grand, quarried, miners, excavations, collaboration, french, taken, place, 1997, centre, national, recherche, scientifique, rabat, ministère, energie, khouribga, office, chérifien, closest, relatives, caught, context, informed, still, debated, declined, dates, before, happened, abruptly, fragmentary, controversy, consider, consequences, alternate, lead, mainly, lived, now, means, type, subfamily, suborder, scientific, temporal, range, preꞓ, free, wayback, machine, http, archive, 20221017012633, wiki, timestamps, capture, fail, success, 2023, nov, oct, sep, jan, aug, 2026, captures,

Text of the page (random words):
the most commonly found and best known remains of the group 6 humerus left and ulnae right of tethydraco which may represent wing elements of phosphatodraco in 2018 the paleontologist nicholas r longrich and colleagues reported pterosaur fossils collected from couche iii in cooperation with the moroccan fossil industry the previous three years until that point only the single specimen of phosphatodraco was known from the assemblage at the time the collection was the largest and most diverse collection of pterosaurs from the maastrichtian age of the late cretaceous and included two cervical vertebrae they assigned to phosphatodraco based on similarity with the holotype in size and proportions one of the vertebrae specimen fsac ob 12 was identified as a c5 though stated in the description to be similar to c6 of the holotype the other fsac ob 13 was only identified as a cervical vertebra the cervical ribs ribs of the neck vertebrae of fsac ob 12 do not appear to have yet fused to the centrum the main part of the vertebra so the animal may not have been completely mature these specimens are housed at faculté des sciences aïn chock in casablanca 2 in 2020 the paleontologists claudio labita and david m martill described an articulated where the bones are connected as in life pterosaur wing from couche iii specimen fsac cp 251 bought from fossil dealers which they assigned to tethydraco a genus also described by longrich and colleagues in 2018 based on a humerus upper arm bone tethydraco was originally considered a pteranodontid but labita and martill found it to be an azhdarchid and to possibly represent the wing elements of phosphatodraco they noted that more associated and articulated pterosaur fossils were being collected from these deposits due to improving methods used by fossil diggers and that azhdarchid fossils were becoming abundant they also cautioned that the provenance of some of the moroccan fossils was difficult to establish due to the commercial nature of their collection 7 interpretations of cervical vertebra order edit illustration of the holotype cervical vertebra series as preserved with interpretation of its order by pereda suberbiola and colleagues 2003 above c5 9 and kellner 2010 below c3 8 pereda suberbiola and colleagues originally interpreted the five preserved cervical vertebrae of phosphatodraco as cervicals abbreviated as c 5 9 the frontmost preserved vertebra they interpreted as c5 consisted of two fragments they found it unlikely that these belonged to two different vertebrae since they lay in continuity with no sediment in between and overlapped each other in some areas they considered the sideways expansion at the front of this vertebra to be due to crushing and pointed out that such preservation where fragile yet well preserved bones are associated with damaged material of the same individual is known from other vertebrate fossils in the same level they identified the frontmost vertebra as a c5 because this is usually the longest cervical vertebra in pterosaurs their length decreasing hindward 1 in 2007 the paleontologist alexander w a kellner and colleagues noted that phosphatodraco was one of the most interesting azhdarchids found in africa but used cautious language about the original interpretation of the vertebrae 8 kellner suggested in 2010 that interpretation of the holotype specimen had been affected by taphonomy changes during decay and fossilisation he instead proposed that the element originally described as a fifth cervical vertebra was actually the third and fourth vertebrae which had been compressed together giving the impression that they were a single vertebra broken in the middle this would shift the order of the vertebrae to c3 8 and though this did not change the validity of the taxon its distinctness being based on its stratigraphy geography and morphology kellner noted that the diagnosis the suite of features that distinguish a taxon and size estimate had to be reevaluated 9 the frontmost cervical vertebrae which are missing from phosphatodraco in either scheme are the atlas c1 which connects with the back of the skull and the axis c2 9 10 subsequent articles from 2011 and 2015 with kellner among the co authorship have concurred with kellner s interpretation 11 12 the paleontologist alexander averianov disagreed with kellner s reinterpretation of the cervical vertebrae in 2014 and considered the original description accurate 13 a 2015 article by the paleontologist mátyás vremir and colleagues called the issue controversial and considered the specimen too crushed for proper comparison 14 and martill and markus moser concurred with this in 2018 15 the paleontologists darren naish add mark p witton who were co authors of vremir s article followed kellner s interpretation in 2017 1 16 the paleontologist rodrigo v pêgas and colleagues also followed kellner s order in 2021 17 though the palaeontologist alexandru a solomon and colleagues noted the suggested change in interpretation of the holotype order in 2019 they stated that even if the reinterpretation was correct the specimen was too damaged for comparison with the single known cervical vertebra of their new genus albadraco 18 description edit estimated size upper middle in turquoise compared to contemporary pterosaurs birds and a human in their 2003 description pereda suberbiola and colleagues estimated phosphatodraco to have had a wing span close to 5 m 16 ft based on comparison with other azhdarchids with preserved cervical vertebrae and referred to it as a large azhdarchid pterosaur this is larger than azhdarchids such as zhejiangopterus and montanazhdarcho and comparable to the smaller species of quetzalcoatlus q lawsoni the larger q northropi is thought to have reached 10 11 metres 33 36 ft thereby being the largest known flying animal 1 19 witton grouped phosphatodraco with midsized azhdarchids based on this size estimate in 2013 20 in 2010 kellner suggested this size estimate too large based on his reinterpretation of the neck vertebra order 9 naish and witton who followed kellner s interpretation listed a neck length of 865 mm 2 ft 10 in for phosphatodraco in 2017 and a wing span of 4 m 13 ft 16 there were two main types of azhdarchid skulls very long low skulls that were up to ten times longer than wide and some that were much shorter than that closer to those of other pterosaurs some had crests and some did not azhdarchids had necks that were proportionally longer than those of other pterosaurs and their vertebral column and much of the rest of the skeleton was pneumatized filled with air sacs that lightened it the body skeleton of azhdarchids was small but robust and their upper arm bones were solidly built their wing metacarpals the hand bones that connect with the fingers were relatively the largest among pterosaurs and the longest bones in the wings their wing fingers which supported the wing membranes were relatively short the pelvises were relatively robust and the hindlimbs long combined the long wing metacarpals and legs made azhdarchids relatively taller when standing than other pterosaurs though their feet were narrow and short 20 as a pterosaur phosphatodraco was covered with hair like pycnofibers 21 cervical vertebrae edit azhdarchid neck lengths compared to their estimated wing spans phosphatodraco is fourth from the top following kellner s interpretation the last preserved vertebra is not shown the suite of features that distinguish a taxon from other related taxa is called a diagnosis and in the case of phosphatodraco these features are all found in the cervical vertebrae since pereda suberbiola and colleagues considered the preserved vertebrae to be c5 9 of the series in their description that is the diagnosis and description followed here 1 note that if kellner s suggestion that the series actually represents vertebrae c3 c8 is correct the diagnostic features listed by pereda suberbiola and colleagues may possibly be inaccurate and the following description would refer to different vertebrae in the series 9 pereda suberbiola and colleagues found phosphatodraco to differ from other azhdarchids in that the hindmost vertebra c8 in their order is very elongated 50 longer than c5 and has a prominent neural spine the spine that projects upwards from the vertebra that is almost as tall as the centrum truncated in a square shape at the top and located far back phosphatodraco is also distinct in that the ratio between the maximum length of the vertebrae and the front width between prezygapophyses processes at the sides of the centrum which connected with the postzygapophyses of the previous vertebrae of the middle cervical vertebrae is about 4 3 in c5 and 4 1 in c6 1 the five preserved cervical vertebrae have hollow centra and their cortical bone the outer thick layer is about 1 mm 0 039 in thick the vertebrae vary in length the longest being the frontmost of those preserved a c5 broken in two according to pereda suberbiola and colleagues c3 4 according to kellner 9 which they estimated to have been about 300 mm 0 98 ft long when complete the first of these fragments is 110 mm 4 3 in the second is about 190 mm 7 5 in when viewed from the side the hind end of this vertebra shows a developed left postzygapophysis and the convex articular condyle the condyle that connected with the following vertebra and left postexapophysial process which connected with the preexapophys at the front of the preceding vertebra is in front of it all lying in the same plane due to crushing 1 c3 5 vertebrae of quetzalcoatlus a c compared with those of phosphatodraco d the c6 kellner s c5 9 is the best preserved of the vertebrae and is shorter than the preceding c5 about 225 mm 8 9 in long it is distorted so that the front part is visible in lower side view and the hind part is visible in left side view its centrum is procoelous concave at the front surface its prezygapophyses are horn like and nearly concave and parallel when seen from below the right prezygapophys has a small tubercle a rounded projection at the midline and there is no indication of additional processes at the front end of the vertebra or pneumatic foramina holes on the side surface of the centrum the front cotyle the concave front end of the centrum is distorted but it appears to be twice as wide as high ovoid or egg shaped and with a slightly concave upper margin the lower margin has a prominent hypapophysis a downwards projection and this keel s height diminishes towards the centrum s mid length there is a longitudinal oval sulcus a groove on the right side of the lower surface near the base of the prezygapophysis the lower surface of the centrum is nearly flat and the postexapophys is well developed at the lower side of the condyle like in the preceding vertebrae 1 the following c7 vertebra kellner s c6 9 is visible in bottom view is missing the hind part the preserved part being 190 mm 7 5 in long and the complete length perhaps being the same or shorter as the preceding c6 its prezygapophyses are similar to those of the preceding vertebra and the cotyle is oval and compressed from top to bottom there is a sulcus below the left prezygapophys apparently without a ridge extending hindward the centrum bulges slightly hindward becoming narrower at its mid length the postzygapophyses are well developed and diverge widely from the longitudinal midline of the centrum a small protuberance between the postzygapophyses perhaps indicates where the upper margin of the neural canal through which the spinal cord passed was located though its features cannot be accurately determined 1 characteristics of azhdarchid cervical vertebrae j is the c7 of phosphatodraco following kellner s order it is c8 in pereda suberbiola and colleagues order the next to last vertebra is c8 kellner s c7 9 16 which is visible in side view and despite missing some of the front the centrum is very elongated measuring 150 mm 5 9 in the most notable feature of this vertebra is its tall neural spine which is placed at its hindmost part the neural spine is 40 mm 1 6 in high measured from the upper surface of the postzygapophys to the top almost the same height as the centrum which is 45 mm 1 8 in the front and hind margins of the neural spine are vertically parallel to each other and its top is truncated in a square shape and perpendicular to the side edges the left postzygapophys is located at the base of the hind end of the neural arch which forms the arch of bone through which the spinal cord passed it is similar to the same vertebra of quetzalcoatlus in that the neural spine is square on top but differs in being placed so far back the left postexaphophyseal process is well developed at the back and below but does not extend past the condyle as it does in the preceding vertebrae 1 the last vertebra is the c9 according to pereda suberbiola and colleagues kellner s c8 9 which is visible in hind view and its preserved part is 75 mm 3 0 in high its neural arch has a large neural spine and well developed transverse processes which projected from the sides of the centrum and acted as attachment points for muscles and ligaments the neural spine terminates in a blunt process above and the hind side of the neural spine has an oval depression which has thick vertical edges at its sides the transverse processes are long and slender and project to the sides and slightly downwards the neural canal is small and nearly circular is about 22 mm 0 87 in in diameter and there are no pneumatic foramina near it its condyle is broad around five times wider than high and is crescent shaped in cross section the left postexapophysis is placed at the side of the condyle and almost vertical though none of the vertebrae preserve cervical ribs the development of the transverse processes of the last vertebra indicates that it probably had ribs 1 the indeterminate bone fragment associated with the two last vertebrae has a similar texture to them is flat and crescent shaped and is about 9 mm 0 35 in wide and 44 mm 1 7 in long 1 life restoration showing phosphatodraco in terrestrial pose pereda suberbiola and colleagues found that the frontmost preserved cervical vertebrae of phosphatodraco their c5 7 were similar in form to those of the mid series cervical vertebrae of other long necked pterodactyloid pterosaurs the group consisting of short tailed pterosaurs the last hindmost preserved vertebrae their c8 9 have some features in common with the rest of the vertebrae including broad ovoid cotyles and condyles as well as postexapophyses but they differ in their neural canal being demarcated from the centrum and in having a prominent neural spine pereda suberbiola and colleagues suggested the c8 9 could be cervicalized dorsal vertebrae back vertebrae which have been incorporated into the neck the total number of cervical vertebrae in pterosaurs varies between seven and nine and the first dorsal vertebra is considered to be...