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Text of the page (random words):
t of view naming conflicts often arise over whether an article title complies with wikipedia s neutral point of view policy resolving such debates depends on whether the article title is a name derived from reliable sources or a descriptive title created by wikipedia editors non neutral but common names shortcuts wp npovname wp povname when the subject of an article is referred to mainly by a single common name as evidenced through usage in a significant majority of english language sources wikipedia generally follows the sources and uses that name as its article title subject to the other naming criteria sometimes that common name includes non neutral words that wikipedia normally avoids e g alexander the great or the teapot dome scandal in such cases the prevalence of the name or the fact that a given description has effectively become a proper name and that proper name has become the common name generally overrides concern that wikipedia might appear as endorsing one side of an issue an article title with non neutral terms cannot simply be a name commonly used in the past it must be the common name in current use notable circumstances under which wikipedia often avoids a common name for lacking neutrality include the following trendy slogans and monikers that seem unlikely to be remembered or connected with a particular issue years later colloquialisms where far more encyclopedic alternatives are obvious article titles and redirects should anticipate what readers will type as a first guess and balance that with what readers expect to be taken to thus typing octomom properly redirects to nadya suleman which is in keeping with point 2 above typing antennagate redirects the reader to a particular section of iphone 4 which is in keeping with points 1 and 2 above typing great leap forward does not redirect which is in keeping with the general principle as is typing 9 11 hijackers which redirects to the more aptly named hijackers in the september 11 attacks see also wikipedia redirect neutrality of redirects non judgmental descriptive titles shortcut wp ndesc in some cases a descriptive phrase such as restoration of the everglades is best as the title these are often invented specifically for articles and should reflect a neutral point of view rather than suggesting any editor s opinions avoid judgmental and non neutral words for example allegation or alleged can either imply wrongdoing or in a non criminal context may imply a claim made with little or no proof and so should be avoided in a descriptive title exception articles where the topic is an actual accusation of illegality under law discussed as such by reliable sources even if not yet proven in a court of law these are appropriately described as allegations however non neutral but common names see preceding subsection may be used within a descriptive title even descriptive titles should be based on sources and may therefore incorporate names and terms that are commonly used by sources example because boston massacre is an acceptable title on its own the descriptive title political impact of the boston massacre would also be acceptable explicit conventions shortcut wp mosat main page category wikipedia naming conventions wikipedia has many naming conventions relating to specific subject domains as listed in the box at the top of this page in rare cases these recommend the use of titles that are not strictly the common name as in the case of the conventions for medicine this practice of using specialized names is often controversial and should not be adopted unless it produces clear benefits outweighing the use of common names when it is the article titles adopted should follow a neutral and common convention specific to that subject domain and otherwise adhere to the general principles for titling articles on wikipedia precision and disambiguation shortcuts wp precision wp precise mos precision redirects here for the precision of numbers see mos uncertainty for the precision of geographical coordinates see wp opcoord for the precision of statements about dates see wp preciselang precision usually titles should unambiguously define the topical scope of the article but should be no more precise than that for instance saint teresa of calcutta is too precise as mother teresa is precise enough to indicate exactly the same topic on the other hand horowitz would not be precise enough to identify unambiguously the famous classical pianist vladimir horowitz exceptions to the precision criterion may sometimes result from the application of some other naming criteria most of these exceptions are described in specific wikipedia guidelines or by wikipedia projects such as primary topic geographic names or names of royals and nobles for instance bothell is already precise enough to be unambiguous but we instead use bothell washington see geographic names seeking a more natural and recognizable title it is also consistent with most other articles on american cities in other words adding the state name is in deference to common name not disambiguation energy is not precise enough to unambiguously indicate the physical property see energy disambiguation however it is preferred over energy physics as it is more concise and precise enough to be understood by most people see primary topic and the concision and recognizability criteria leeds north west is precise enough to be unambiguous but wikipedia naming conventions uk parliament constituencies specify the addition of the qualifier in leeds north west uk parliament constituency with a redirect from leeds north west m 185 is precise enough to be unambiguous but wikipedia naming conventions u s state and territory highways specify adding the qualifier m 185 michigan highway with a redirect from m 185 disambiguation shortcuts wp qualifier wp titledab this policy section should be read in conjunction with the disambiguation guideline it is not always possible to use the exact title that may be desired for an article as that title may have other meanings and therefore may have been already used for other articles according to the above mentioned precision criterion when a more detailed title is necessary to distinguish an article topic from another use only as much additional detail as necessary for example it would be redundant to title an article queen rock band as queen band is precise enough to distinguish the rock band from other uses of the term queen this may lead to some acceptable inconsistency for instance the article on chickens is found at chicken but the article on turkeys is at turkey bird to disambiguate it from the country turkey as a general rule when a topic s preferred title can also refer to other topics covered in wikipedia if the article is about the primary topic to which the ambiguous name refers then that name can be its title without modification provided it follows all other applicable policies if the article is not about the primary topic for the ambiguous name the title must be disambiguated when deciding on which disambiguation method s to use all article titling criteria are weighed in natural disambiguation shortcut wp natural using an alternative name that the subject is also commonly called in english reliable sources albeit not as commonly as the preferred but ambiguous title however do not use obscure or made up names example the word french commonly refers to either the people or the language because of the ambiguity we use the alternative but still common titles french language and french people allowing natural disambiguation in a similar vein hand fan is preferable to fan implement sometimes this requires a change in the variety of english used for instance lift is a disambiguation page with no primary topic so we chose elevator as the title of the article on the lifting device comma separated disambiguation with place names if the disambiguating term is a higher level administrative division it is often separated using a comma instead of parentheses as in windsor berkshire see geographic names comma separated titles are also used in other contexts e g diana princess of wales uses a substantive title as part of the usual names of royals and nobles conventions not as a disambiguating term however titles such as tony blair and battle of waterloo are preferred over alternatives such as blair anthony charles lynton and waterloo battle of in which a comma is used to change the natural ordering of the words parenthetical disambiguation adding a disambiguating term in parentheses after the ambiguous name is wikipedia s standard disambiguation technique when none of the other solutions lead to an optimal article title example the word mercury has distinct meanings that do not have sufficiently common alternative names so instead we use parenthetical disambiguation mercury element mercury planet and mercury mythology descriptive title where there is no acceptable set name for a topic such that a title of our own conception is necessary more latitude is allowed to form descriptive and unique titles examples list of birds of nicaragua campaign history of the roman military pontius pilate s wife see wp ncp descriptive titles combinations of the above these are exceptional in most cases to be avoided as per wp concise example comma separated parenthetical wiegenlied d 498 schubert see talk wiegenlied d 498 schubert requested moves commas and parentheses round brackets are the only characters that can be used without restriction to separate a disambiguating term in an article title colons can be used in the limited cases of subtitles of some creative works and lists split over several pages when a spelling variant indicates a distinct topic shortcuts wp smalldetails wp diffcaps wp diffpunct ambiguity may arise when typographically near identical expressions have distinct meanings e g iron maiden vs iron maiden or ice cube vs ice cube the general approach is that whatever readers might type in the search box they are guided as swiftly as possible to the topic they might reasonably be expected to be looking for by such disambiguation techniques as hatnotes and or disambiguation pages when such navigation aids are in place small details are usually sufficient to distinguish topics e g maven vs maven airplane vs airplane sea monkeys vs seamonkey the wörld is yours vs other topics listed at the world is yours however when renaming to a less ambiguous page name can be done without wandering from wp criteria such renaming should be considered renaming passio domini nostri jesu christi secundum joannem to passio pärt for the ambiguity of the first expression with passio domini nostri iesu christi secundum ioannem plural forms may in certain instances also be used to naturally distinguish articles see wikipedia naming conventions plurals primary topic for details concision shortcut wp concise wp concise redirects here for the essay advising a concise writing style see wp tldr the goal of concision is to balance brevity with sufficient information to identify the topic to a person familiar with the general subject area for example the official name of rhode island used in various state publications was formerly state of rhode island and providence plantations both titles are precise and unambiguous but rhode island was the most concise title to fully identify the subject the full name of fiona apple s 1999 album is 90 words and 444 characters long but it is abbreviated in sources and in its wikipedia title to when the pawn see also wp subtitles exceptions exist for biographical articles for example neither a given name nor a family name is usually omitted or abbreviated for concision thus oprah winfrey not oprah and jean paul sartre not j p sartre see wikipedia naming conventions people consistent titling shortcuts wp consist wp consistent we strive to make titles on wikipedia as consistent as possible with other titles on similar subjects there are two main areas however where wikipedians have consistently shown that consistency does not control disambiguation for instance just because georgia country exists there is no reason to have articles titled for instance azerbaijan country armenia country etc spelling that differs between different varieties of english orange colour and lime color peaceably coexist as do motorcycle tyre and snow tire english language titles on the english wikipedia article titles are written using the english language however it must be remembered that the english language contains many loan words and phrases taken from other languages if a word or phrase originally taken from some other language is commonly used by english language sources it can be considered to be an english language word or phrase example coup d état or coup d état the english language names of some topics may differ according to how names are anglicized from other languages or according to different varieties of english e g american english british english australian english etc foreign names and anglicization shortcuts wp ue wp transliterate see also wikipedia naming conventions use english for the policy regarding non english sources see wp rsue the choice between anglicized and local spellings should follow english language usage e g the non anglicized titles besançon søren kierkegaard and göttingen are used because they predominate in english language reliable sources whereas for the same reason the anglicized title forms nuremberg delicatessen and florence are used as opposed to nürnberg delikatessen and firenze respectively if there are too few reliable english language sources to constitute an established usage follow the conventions of the language appropriate to the subject german for german politicians portuguese for brazilian towns and so on for lesser known geographical objects or structures with few reliable english sources follow the translation convention if any used for well known objects or structures of the same type e g because rheintal and moseltal are translated rhine valley and moselle valley it makes sense to translate lesser known valley names in the same way for ideas on how to deal with situations where there are several competing foreign terms see multiple local names and use modern names in the geographical naming guideline such discussions can benefit from outside opinions so as to avoid a struggle over which language to follow names not originally in a latin alphabet such as greek chinese or russian names must be romanized established systematic romanizations such as hanyu pinyin are preferred however if there is a common english language form of the name then use it even if it is unsystematic as with tchaikovsky and chiang kai shek for a list of romanization conventions by language see wikipedia romanization wikipedia generally uses the character æ to represent the anglo saxon ligature æsc for latin or greek derived words e g paean amoeba estrogen use e ae or oe depending on modern us...