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lation of the operating system 100 real time protection edit real time protection on access scanning background guard resident shield autoprotect and other synonyms refer to the automatic protection provided by most antivirus anti spyware and other anti malware programs this monitors computer systems for suspicious activity such as computer viruses spyware adware and other malicious objects real time protection detects threats in opened files and scans apps in real time as they are installed on the device 101 when inserting a cd opening an email or browsing the web or when a file already on the computer is opened or executed 102 issues of concern edit unexpected renewal costs edit some commercial antivirus software end user license agreements include a clause that the subscription will be automatically renewed and the purchaser s credit card automatically billed at the renewal time without explicit approval for example mcafee requires users to unsubscribe at least 60 days before the expiration of the present subscription 103 while bitdefender sends notifications to unsubscribe 30 days before the renewal 104 norton antivirus also renews subscriptions automatically by default 105 rogue security applications edit main article rogue security software some apparent antivirus programs are actually malware masquerading as legitimate software such as winfixer ms antivirus and mac defender 106 problems caused by false positives edit a false positive or false alarm is when antivirus software identifies a non malicious file as malware when this happens it can cause serious problems for example if an antivirus program is configured to immediately delete or quarantine infected files as is common on microsoft windows antivirus applications a false positive in an essential file can render the windows operating system or some applications unusable 107 recovering from such damage to critical software infrastructure incurs technical support costs and businesses can be forced to close whilst remedial action is undertaken 108 109 examples of serious false positives may 2007 a faulty virus signature issued by symantec mistakenly removed essential operating system files leaving thousands of pcs unable to boot 110 may 2007 the executable file required by pegasus mail on windows was falsely detected by norton antivirus as being a trojan and it was automatically removed preventing pegasus mail from running norton antivirus had falsely identified three releases of pegasus mail as malware and would delete the pegasus mail installer file when that happened 111 in response to this pegasus mail stated on the basis that norton symantec has done this for every one of the last three releases of pegasus mail we can only condemn this product as too flawed to use and recommend in the strongest terms that our users cease using it in favour of alternative less buggy anti virus packages 111 april 2010 mcafee virusscan detected svchost exe a normal windows binary as a virus on machines running windows xp with service pack 3 causing a reboot loop and loss of all network access 112 113 december 2010 a faulty update on the avg anti virus suite damaged 64 bit versions of windows 7 rendering it unable to boot due to an endless boot loop created 114 october 2011 microsoft security essentials mse removed the google chrome web browser rival to microsoft s own internet explorer mse flagged chrome as a zbot banking trojan 115 september 2012 sophos anti virus suite identified various update mechanisms including its own as malware if it was configured to automatically delete detected files sophos antivirus could render itself unable to update required manual intervention to fix the problem 116 117 september 2017 the google play protect anti virus started identifying motorola s moto g4 bluetooth application as malware causing bluetooth functionality to become disabled 118 system and interoperability related issues edit running the real time protection of multiple antivirus programs concurrently can degrade performance and create conflicts 119 however using a concept called multiscanning several companies including g data software 120 and microsoft 121 have created applications which can run multiple engines concurrently it is sometimes necessary to temporarily disable virus protection when installing major updates such as windows service packs or updating graphics card drivers 122 active antivirus protection may partially or completely prevent the installation of a major update anti virus software can cause problems during the installation of an operating system upgrade e g when upgrading to a newer version of windows in place without erasing the previous version of windows microsoft recommends that anti virus software be disabled to avoid conflicts with the upgrade installation process 123 124 125 active anti virus software can also interfere with a firmware update process 126 the functionality of a few computer programs can be hampered by active anti virus software for example truecrypt a disk encryption program states on its troubleshooting page that anti virus programs can conflict with truecrypt and cause it to malfunction or operate very slowly 127 anti virus software can impair the performance and stability of games running in the steam platform 128 support issues also exist around antivirus application interoperability with common solutions like ssl vpn remote access and network access control products 129 these technology solutions often have policy assessment applications that require an up to date antivirus to be installed and running if the antivirus application is not recognized by the policy assessment whether because the antivirus application has been updated or because it is not part of the policy assessment library the user will be unable to connect effectiveness edit studies in december 2007 showed that the effectiveness of antivirus software had decreased in the previous year particularly against unknown or zero day attacks the computer magazine c t found that detection rates for these threats had dropped from 40 50 in 2006 to 20 30 in 2007 at that time the only exception was the nod32 antivirus which managed a detection rate of 68 130 according to the zeus tracker website the average detection rate for all variants of the well known zeus trojan is as low as 40 131 the problem is magnified by the changing intent of virus authors some years ago it was obvious when a virus infection was present at the time viruses were written by amateurs and exhibited destructive behavior or pop ups modern viruses are often written by professionals financed by criminal organizations 132 in 2008 eva chen ceo of trend micro stated that the anti virus industry has over hyped how effective its products are and so has been misleading customers for years 133 independent testing on all the major virus scanners consistently shows that none provides 100 virus detection the best ones provided as high as 99 9 detection for simulated real world situations while the lowest provided 91 1 in tests conducted in august 2013 many virus scanners produce false positive results as well identifying benign files as malware 134 although methods may differ some notable independent quality testing agencies include av comparatives icsa labs west coast labs virus bulletin av test and other members of the anti malware testing standards organization 135 136 new viruses edit anti virus programs are not always effective against new viruses even those that use non signature based methods that should detect new viruses the reason for this is that the virus designers test their new viruses on the major anti virus applications to make sure that they are not detected before releasing them into the wild 137 some new viruses particularly ransomware use polymorphic code to avoid detection by virus scanners jerome segura a security analyst with paretologic explained 138 it s something that they miss a lot of the time because this type of ransomware virus comes from sites that use a polymorphism which means they basically randomize the file they send you and it gets by well known antivirus products very easily i ve seen people firsthand getting infected having all the pop ups and yet they have antivirus software running and it s not detecting anything it actually can be pretty hard to get rid of as well and you re never really sure if it s really gone when we see something like that usually we advise to reinstall the operating system or reinstall backups 138 a proof of concept virus has used the graphics processing unit gpu to avoid detection from anti virus software the potential success of this involves bypassing the cpu in order to make it much harder for security researchers to analyse the inner workings of such malware 139 rootkits edit detecting rootkits is a major challenge for anti virus programs rootkits have full administrative access to the computer and are invisible to users and hidden from the list of running processes in the task manager rootkits can modify the inner workings of the operating system and tamper with antivirus programs 140 damaged files edit if a file has been infected by a computer virus anti virus software will attempt to remove the virus code from the file during disinfection but it is not always able to restore the file to its undamaged state 141 142 in such circumstances damaged files can only be restored from existing backups or shadow copies this is also true for ransomware 143 installed software that is damaged requires re installation 144 however see system file checker firmware infections edit any writeable firmware in the computer can be infected by malicious code 145 this is a major concern as an infected bios could require the actual bios chip to be replaced to ensure the malicious code is completely removed 146 anti virus software is not effective at protecting firmware and the motherboard bios from infection 147 in 2014 security researchers discovered that usb devices contain writeable firmware which can be modified with malicious code dubbed badusb which anti virus software cannot detect or prevent the malicious code can run undetected on the computer and could even infect the operating system prior to it booting up 148 149 performance and other drawbacks edit antivirus software has some drawbacks first of which that it can impact a computer s performance 150 furthermore inexperienced users can be lulled into a false sense of security when using the computer considering their computers to be invulnerable and may have problems understanding the prompts and decisions that antivirus software presents them with an incorrect decision may lead to a security breach if the antivirus software employs heuristic detection it must be fine tuned to minimize misidentifying harmless software as malicious false positive 151 antivirus software itself usually runs at the highly trusted kernel level of the operating system to allow it access to all the potential malicious process and files creating a potential avenue of attack 152 the us national security agency nsa and the uk government communications headquarters gchq intelligence agencies respectively have been exploiting anti virus software to spy on users 153 anti virus software has highly privileged and trusted access to the underlying operating system which makes it a much more appealing target for remote attacks 154 additionally anti virus software is years behind security conscious client side applications like browsers or document readers it means that acrobat reader microsoft word or google chrome are harder to exploit than 90 percent of the anti virus products out there according to joxean koret a researcher with coseinc a singapore based information security consultancy 154 alternative solutions edit the command line virus scanner of clam av 0 95 2 running a virus signature definition update scanning a file and identifying a trojan antivirus software running on individual computers is the most common method employed of guarding against malware but it is not the only solution other solutions can also be employed by users including unified threat management utm hardware and network firewalls cloud based antivirus and online scanners hardware and network firewall edit network firewalls prevent unknown programs and processes from accessing the system however they are not antivirus systems and make no attempt to identify or remove anything they may protect against infection from outside the protected computer or network and limit the activity of any malicious software which is present by blocking incoming or outgoing requests on certain tcp ip ports a firewall is designed to deal with broader system threats that come from network connections into the system and is not an alternative to a virus protection system cloud antivirus edit cloud antivirus is a technology that uses lightweight agent software on the protected computer while offloading the majority of data analysis to the provider s infrastructure 155 one approach to implementing cloud antivirus involves scanning suspicious files using multiple antivirus engines this approach was proposed by an early implementation of the cloud antivirus concept called cloudav cloudav was designed to send programs or documents to a network cloud where multiple antivirus and behavioral detection programs are used simultaneously in order to improve detection rates parallel scanning of files using potentially incompatible antivirus scanners is achieved by spawning a virtual machine per detection engine and therefore eliminating any possible issues cloudav can also perform retrospective detection whereby the cloud detection engine rescans all files in its file access history when a new threat is identified thus improving new threat detection speed finally cloudav is a solution for effective virus scanning on devices that lack the computing power to perform the scans themselves 156 some examples of cloud anti virus products are panda cloud antivirus and immunet comodo group has also produced cloud based anti virus 157 158 online scanning edit some antivirus vendors maintain websites with free online scanning capability of the entire computer critical areas only local disks folders or files periodic online scanning is a good idea for those that run antivirus applications on their computers because those applications are frequently slow to catch threats one of the first things that malicious software does in an attack is disable any existing antivirus software and sometimes the only way to know of an attack is by turning to an online resource that is not installed on the infected computer 159 specialized tools edit the command line rkhunter scanner an engine to scan for linux rootkits running on ubuntu virus removal tools are available to help remove stubborn infections or certain types of infection examples include avast free anti malware 160 avg free malware removal tools 161 and avira...