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12 bit computing wikipedia 96 captures 21 apr 2020 31 aug 2026 sep oct nov 25 2021 2022 2023 success fail about this capture timestamps the wayback machine http web archive org web 20221025202325 https en wikipedia org wiki 12 bit_computing 12 bit computing from wikipedia the free encyclopedia jump to navigation jump to search computer architectures using a 12 bit word this article has multiple issues please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page learn how and when to remove these template messages this article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations october 2009 learn how and when to remove this template message this article needs additional citations for verification please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources 12 bit computing news newspapers books scholar jstor august 2012 learn how and when to remove this template message learn how and when to remove this template message computer architecture bit widths bit 1 2 4 8 12 16 18 20 24 26 28 30 31 32 36 40 45 48 60 64 128 256 512 bit slicing application 8 16 32 64 binary floating point precision 16 ½ 24 32 1 40 64 2 80 128 4 256 8 decimal floating point precision 32 64 128 v t e in computer architecture 12 bit integers memory addresses or other data units are those that are 12 bits 1 5 octets wide also 12 bit central processing unit cpu and arithmetic logic unit alu architectures are those that are based on registers address buses or data buses of that size possibly the best known 12 bit cpu is the pdp 8 and its relatives such as the intersil 6100 microprocessor produced in various forms from august 1963 to mid 1990 many analog to digital converters adcs have a 12 bit resolution some pic microcontrollers use a 12 bit word size 12 binary digits or 3 nibbles a tribble have 4096 10000 octal 1000 hexadecimal distinct combinations hence a microprocessor with 12 bit memory addresses can directly access 4096 words 4 kw of word addressable memory at a time when six bit character codes were common a 12 bit word which could hold two characters was a convenient size ibm system 360 instruction formats use a 12 bit displacement field which added to the contents of a base register can address 4096 bytes of memory contents 1 list of 12 bit computer systems 2 see also 3 references 4 external links list of 12 bit computer systems edit digital equipment corporation pdp 5 pdp 8 decmate a personal computer based on the intersil 6100 pdp 12 pdp 14 ford eec i automotive engine control unit toshiba tlcs 12 microprocessor 1 intersil im6100 microprocessor pdp 8 compatible control data corporation cdc 160 series computers cdc 6600 peripheral processor pp national cash register ncr 315 scientific data systems sds 92 nuclear data inc nd812 pc12 minicomputer ferranti argus linc later commercialized by dec as the linc 8 electronic arrays 9002 12 bit addressing but 8 bit byte see also edit fat12 a file system with 12 bit wide cluster entries references edit 1973 12 bit engine control microprocessor toshiba pdf semiconductor history museum of japan retrieved 27 june 2019 external links edit digital computing timeline 12 bit architecture v t e processor technologies models abstract machine stored program computer finite state machine with datapath hierarchical deterministic finite automaton queue automaton cellular automaton quantum cellular automaton turing machine alternating turing machine universal post turing quantum nondeterministic turing machine probabilistic turing machine hypercomputation zeno machine belt machine stack machine register machines counter pointer random access random access stored program architecture microarchitecture von neumann harvard modified dataflow transport triggered cellular endianness memory access numa huma load store register memory cache hierarchy memory hierarchy virtual memory secondary storage heterogeneous fabric multiprocessing cognitive neuromorphic instruction set architectures types orthogonal instruction set cisc risc application specific edge trips vliw epic misc oisc nisc zisc visc architecture quantum computing comparison addressing modes instruction sets motorola 68000 series vax pdp 11 x86 arm stanford mips mips mips x power power powerpc power isa clipper architecture sparc superh dec alpha etrax cris m32r unicore itanium openrisc risc v microblaze lmc system 3x0 s 360 s 370 s 390 z architecture tilera isa visc architecture epiphany architecture others execution instruction pipelining pipeline stall operand forwarding classic risc pipeline hazards data dependency structural control false sharing out of order scoreboarding tomasulo algorithm reservation station re order buffer register renaming wide issue speculative branch prediction memory dependence prediction parallelism level bit bit serial word instruction pipelining scalar superscalar task thread process data vector memory distributed multithreading temporal simultaneous hyperthreading speculative preemptive cooperative flynn s taxonomy sisd simd array processing simt pipelined processing associative processing swar misd mimd spmd processor performance transistor count instructions per cycle ipc cycles per instruction cpi instructions per second ips floating point operations per second flops transactions per second tps synaptic updates per second sups performance per watt ppw cache performance metrics computer performance by orders of magnitude types central processing unit cpu graphics processing unit gpu gpgpu vector barrel stream tile processor coprocessor pal asic fpga fpoa cpld multi chip module mcm system in a package sip package on a package pop by application embedded system microprocessor microcontroller mobile notebook ultra low voltage asip soft microprocessor systems on chip system on a chip soc multiprocessor mpsoc programmable psoc network on a chip noc hardware accelerators coprocessor ai accelerator graphics processing unit gpu image processor vision processing unit vpu physics processing unit ppu digital signal processor dsp tensor processing unit tpu secure cryptoprocessor network processor baseband processor word size 1 bit 4 bit 8 bit 12 bit 15 bit 16 bit 24 bit 32 bit 48 bit 64 bit 128 bit 256 bit 512 bit bit slicing others variable core count single core multi core manycore heterogeneous architecture components core cache cpu cache scratchpad memory data cache instruction cache replacement policies coherence bus clock rate clock signal fifo functional units arithmetic logic unit alu address generation unit agu floating point unit fpu memory management unit mmu load store unit translation lookaside buffer tlb branch predictor branch target predictor integrated memory controller imc memory management unit instruction decoder logic combinational sequential glue logic gate quantum array registers processor register status register stack register register file memory buffer memory address register program counter control unit hardwired control unit instruction unit data buffer write buffer microcode rom horizontal microcode counter datapath multiplexer demultiplexer adder multiplier cpu binary decoder address decoder sum addressed decoder barrel shifter circuitry integrated circuit 3d mixed signal power management boolean digital analog quantum switch power management pmu apm acpi dynamic frequency scaling dynamic voltage scaling clock gating performance per watt ppw related history of general purpose cpus microprocessor chronology processor design digital electronics hardware security module semiconductor device fabrication tick tock model pin grid array chip carrier this computer hardware article is a stub you can help wikipedia by expanding it v t e retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 12 bit_computing oldid 1085762689 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