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dataflow architecture wikipedia 201 captures 06 may 2005 06 sep 2026 sep oct nov 16 2021 2022 2023 success fail about this capture timestamps the wayback machine http web archive org web 20221016011329 https en wikipedia org wiki dataflow_architecture dataflow architecture from wikipedia the free encyclopedia jump to navigation jump to search this article needs additional citations for verification please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources dataflow architecture news newspapers books scholar jstor august 2012 learn how and when to remove this template message dataflow architecture is a computer architecture that directly contrasts the traditional von neumann architecture or control flow architecture dataflow architectures have no program counter in concept the executability and execution of instructions is solely determined based on the availability of input arguments to the instructions 1 so that the order of instruction execution is unpredictable i e behavior is nondeterministic although no commercially successful general purpose computer hardware has used a dataflow architecture it has been successfully implemented in specialized hardware such as in digital signal processing network routing graphics processing telemetry and more recently in data warehousing and artificial intelligence 2 3 it is also very relevant in many software architectures today including database engine designs and parallel computing frameworks citation needed synchronous dataflow architectures tune to match the workload presented by real time data path applications such as wire speed packet forwarding dataflow architectures that are deterministic in nature enable programmers to manage complex tasks such as processor load balancing synchronization and accesses to common resources 4 meanwhile there is a clash of terminology since the term dataflow is used for a subarea of parallel programming for dataflow programming contents 1 history 2 dataflow architecture topics 2 1 static and dynamic dataflow machines 2 2 compiler 2 3 programs 2 4 instructions 3 see also 4 references history edit hardware architectures for dataflow was a major topic in computer architecture research in the 1970s and early 1980s jack dennis of mit pioneered the field of static dataflow architectures while the manchester dataflow machine 5 and mit tagged token architecture were major projects in dynamic dataflow the research however never overcame the problems related to efficiently broadcasting data tokens in a massively parallel system efficiently dispatching instruction tokens in a massively parallel system building content addressable memory cam large enough to hold all of the dependencies of a real program instructions and their data dependencies proved to be too fine grained to be effectively distributed in a large network that is the time for the instructions and tagged results to travel through a large connection network was longer than the time to do many computations nonetheless out of order execution ooe has become the dominant computing paradigm since the 1990s it is a form of restricted dataflow this paradigm introduced the idea of an execution window the execution window follows the sequential order of the von neumann architecture however within the window instructions are allowed to be completed in data dependency order this is accomplished in cpus that dynamically tag the data dependencies of the code in the execution window the logical complexity of dynamically keeping track of the data dependencies restricts ooe cpus to a small number of execution units 2 6 and limits the execution window sizes to the range of 32 to 200 instructions much smaller than envisioned for full dataflow machines dataflow architecture topics edit static and dynamic dataflow machines edit designs that use conventional memory addresses as data dependency tags are called static dataflow machines these machines did not allow multiple instances of the same routines to be executed simultaneously because the simple tags could not differentiate between them designs that use content addressable memory cam are called dynamic dataflow machines they use tags in memory to facilitate parallelism compiler edit normally in the control flow architecture compilers analyze program source code for data dependencies between instructions in order to better organize the instruction sequences in the binary output files the instructions are organized sequentially but the dependency information itself is not recorded in the binaries binaries compiled for a dataflow machine contain this dependency information a dataflow compiler records these dependencies by creating unique tags for each dependency instead of using variable names by giving each dependency a unique tag it allows the non dependent code segments in the binary to be executed out of order and in parallel compiler detects the loops break statements and various programming control syntax for data flow programs edit programs are loaded into the cam of a dynamic dataflow computer when all of the tagged operands of an instruction become available that is output from previous instructions and or user input the instruction is marked as ready for execution by an execution unit this is known as activating or firing the instruction once an instruction is completed by an execution unit its output data is sent with its tag to the cam any instructions that are dependent upon this particular datum identified by its tag value are then marked as ready for execution in this way subsequent instructions are executed in proper order avoiding race conditions this order may differ from the sequential order envisioned by the human programmer the programmed order instructions edit an instruction along with its required data operands is transmitted to an execution unit as a packet also called an instruction token similarly output data is transmitted back to the cam as a data token the packetization of instructions and results allows for parallel execution of ready instructions on a large scale dataflow networks deliver the instruction tokens to the execution units and return the data tokens to the cam in contrast to the conventional von neumann architecture data tokens are not permanently stored in memory rather they are transient messages that only exist when in transit to the instruction storage see also edit dataflow parallel computing sisal bmdfm binary modular dataflow machine systolic array transport triggered architecture network on a chip noc system on a chip soc in memory computing references edit veen arthur h december 1986 dataflow machine architecture acm computing surveys 18 4 365 396 doi 10 1145 27633 28055 retrieved 5 march 2019 deep vision deep vision 2021 retrieved 2021 04 19 hailo hailo retrieved 2021 04 19 hx300 family of npus and programmable ethernet switches to the fiber access market en genius press release june 18 2008 archived from the original on 2011 07 22 manchester dataflow research project research reports abstracts september 1997 v t e processor technologies models abstract machine stored program computer finite state machine with datapath hierarchical deterministic finite automaton queue automaton cellular automaton quantum cellular automaton turing machine alternating turing machine universal post turing quantum nondeterministic turing machine probabilistic turing machine hypercomputation zeno machine belt machine stack machine register machines counter pointer random access random access stored program architecture microarchitecture von neumann harvard modified dataflow transport triggered cellular endianness memory access numa huma load store register memory cache hierarchy memory hierarchy virtual memory secondary storage heterogeneous fabric multiprocessing cognitive neuromorphic instruction set architectures types orthogonal instruction set cisc risc application specific edge trips vliw epic misc oisc nisc zisc visc architecture quantum computing comparison addressing modes instruction sets motorola 68000 series vax pdp 11 x86 arm stanford mips mips mips x power power powerpc power isa clipper architecture sparc superh dec alpha etrax cris m32r unicore itanium openrisc risc v microblaze lmc system 3x0 s 360 s 370 s 390 z architecture tilera isa visc architecture epiphany architecture others execution instruction pipelining pipeline stall operand forwarding classic risc pipeline hazards data dependency structural control false sharing out of order scoreboarding tomasulo algorithm reservation station re order buffer register renaming wide issue speculative branch prediction memory dependence prediction parallelism level bit bit serial word instruction pipelining scalar superscalar task thread process data vector memory distributed multithreading temporal simultaneous hyperthreading speculative preemptive cooperative flynn s taxonomy sisd simd array processing simt pipelined processing associative processing swar misd mimd spmd processor performance transistor count instructions per cycle ipc cycles per instruction cpi instructions per second ips floating point operations per second flops transactions per second tps synaptic updates per second sups performance per watt ppw cache performance metrics computer performance by orders of magnitude types central processing unit cpu graphics processing unit gpu gpgpu vector barrel stream tile processor coprocessor pal asic fpga fpoa cpld multi chip module mcm system in a package sip package on a package pop by application embedded system microprocessor microcontroller mobile notebook ultra low voltage asip soft microprocessor systems on chip system on a chip soc multiprocessor mpsoc programmable psoc network on a chip noc hardware accelerators coprocessor ai accelerator graphics processing unit gpu image processor vision processing unit vpu physics processing unit ppu digital signal processor dsp tensor processing unit tpu secure cryptoprocessor network processor baseband processor word size 1 bit 4 bit 8 bit 12 bit 15 bit 16 bit 24 bit 32 bit 48 bit 64 bit 128 bit 256 bit 512 bit bit slicing others variable core count single core multi core manycore heterogeneous architecture components core cache cpu cache scratchpad memory data cache instruction cache replacement policies coherence bus clock rate clock signal fifo functional units arithmetic logic unit alu address generation unit agu floating point unit fpu memory management unit mmu load store unit translation lookaside buffer tlb branch predictor branch target predictor integrated memory controller imc memory management unit instruction decoder logic combinational sequential glue logic gate quantum array registers processor register status register stack register register file memory buffer memory address register program counter control unit hardwired control unit instruction unit data buffer write buffer microcode rom horizontal microcode counter datapath multiplexer demultiplexer adder multiplier cpu binary decoder address decoder sum addressed decoder barrel shifter circuitry integrated circuit 3d mixed signal power management boolean digital analog quantum switch power management pmu apm acpi dynamic frequency scaling dynamic voltage scaling clock gating performance per watt ppw related history of general purpose cpus microprocessor chronology processor design digital electronics hardware security module semiconductor device fabrication tick tock model pin grid array chip carrier v t e hardware acceleration theory universal turing machine parallel computing distributed computing applications gpu gpgpu directx audio digital signal processing hardware random number generation artificial intelligence cryptography tls machine vision custom hardware attack scrypt networking data implementations high level synthesis c to hdl fpga asic cpld system on a chip network on a chip architectures data flow transport triggered multicore manycore heterogeneous in memory computing systolic array neuromorphic related programmable logic processor design chronology digital electronics virtualization hardware emulation logic synthesis embedded systems retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title dataflow_architecture oldid 1019102945 categories hardware acceleration classes of computers computer architecture hidden categories articles needing additional references from august 2012 all articles needing additional references all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from march 2015 navigation menu personal tools not logged in talk contributions create account log in namespaces article talk english views read edit view history more search navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us donate contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file tools what links here 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