Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

edit, navigation, tools, motherboard, contents, history, design, bootstrapping, see, also, references, external, links, menu, form, factor, cpu, sockets, integrated, peripherals, peripheral, card, slots, temperature, and, reliability, personal, namespaces, views, search, contribute, print, export, in, other, projects, languages,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (159), and (111), #motherboard (52), for (43), computer (28), motherboards (27), from (25), cpu (25), system (21), with (20), components (20), which (19), this (18), other (18), power (18), cards (18), card (16), board (16), memory (15), pci (15), such (15), computers (15), use (14), edit (14), integrated (14), graphics (13), expansion (12), interface (12), peripheral (12), many (12), slots (12), peripherals (12), form (12), retrieved (11), original (11), are (11), can (11), main (10), controller (10), bios (10), disk (10), devices (10), 2013 (10), capacitors (10), most (10), some (10), factor (10), all (9), systems (9), archived (9), rom (9), have (9), connectors (9), wikipedia (8), may (8), more (8), ibm (8), case (8), hardware (8), into (8), also (8), modern (8), desktop (8), circuit (8), were (8), october (7), articles (7), network (7), central (7), unit (7), sound (7), support (7), socket (7), apple (7), used (7), include (7), that (7), functions (7), chipset (7), was (6), usb (6), supply (6), storage (6), microprocessor (6), design (6), 2015 (6), called (6), device (6), drives (6), fan (6), video (6), sockets (6), cooling (6), usually (6), standard (6), typically (6), heat (6), often (6), will (6), one (6), pcb (6), printed (6), backplane (6), additional (5), page (5), personal (5), containing (5), processing (5), flash (5), drive (5), optical (5), floppy (5), output (5), external (5), uefi (5), solid (5), 2003 (5), lifetime (5), component (5), operating (5), chips (5), would (5), these (5), temperature (5), allow (5), speed (5), laptop (5), two (5), between (5), supporting (5), controllers (5), about (4), commons (4), links (4), special (4), article (4), 2007 (4), port (4), ports (4), display (4), keyboard (4), mouse (4), input (4), basic (4), has (4), firmware (4), see (4), boot (4), june (4), temperatures (4), april (4), express (4), connector (4), single (4), mounted (4), its (4), example (4), pcs (4), embedded (4), high (4), found (4), designed (4), late (4), 1990s (4), fans (4), various (4), electrical (4), provides (4), only (4), via (4), boards (4), available (3), wikimedia (3), wikidata (3), file (3), navigation (3), history (3), not (3), potentially (3), dated (3), statements (3), 2005 (3), 2021 (3), org (3), serial (3), ieee (3), audio (3), sata (3), screen (3), chip (3), gigabyte (3), microsoft (3), need (3), windows (3), january (3), three (3), installed (3), must (3), capacitor (3), low (3), 221 (3), logic (3), manufacturers (3), now (3), became (3), popular (3), hard (3), speeds (3), historical (3), designs (3), then (3), had (3), processor (3), based (3), their (3), higher (3), operation (3), general (3), reliability (3), well (3), small (3), clock (3), sinks (3), x16 (3), than (3), atx (3), connection (3), number (3), typical (3), connections (3), early (3), type (3), very (3), replacement (3), cpus (3), those (3), compatible (3), included (3), directly (3), buses (3), 1980s (3), mainboard (3), mobile (2), view (2), contact (2), privacy (2), policy (2), under (2), terms (2), using (2), you (2), non (2), 2022 (2), english (2), norsk (2), bahasa (2), version (2), pdf (2), information (2), link (2), upload (2), related (2), changes (2), tools (2), current (2), contents (2), search (2), read (2), talk (2), categories (2), identifiers (2), vague (2), ambiguous (2), time (2), short (2), description (2), https (2), vga (2), dvi (2), parallel (2), 1394 (2), hdmi (2), displayport (2), ethernet (2), mosfet (2), nvme (2), ssd (2), data (2), ram (2), dvd (2), disc (2), refreshable (2), braille (2), monitor (2), image (2), pointing (2), tablet (2), guide (2), making (2), factory (2), tour (2), september (2), magazine (2), platforms (2), solutions (2), legacy (2), server (2), 2017 (2), com (2), professional (2), home (2), intel (2), wiki (2), 1993 (2), new (2), references (2), cmos (2), after (2), began (2), state (2), monitoring (2), soldered (2), when (2), nor (2), eeprom (2), load (2), microcomputers (2), start (2), instructions (2), loaded (2), tasks (2), depending (2), model (2), both (2), bootstrapping (2), notebook (2), super (2), end (2), every (2), less (2), expectancy (2), 149 (2), rated (2), hours (2), 105 (2), around (2), water (2), due (2), expected (2), life (2), however (2), voltage (2), but (2), faulty (2), software (2), requires (2), sink (2), generally (2), larger (2), cause (2), sensors (2), microatx (2), series (2), right (2), wireless (2), without (2), performance (2), computing (2), gaming (2), slot (2), receive (2), size (2), physical (2), cost (2), highly (2), thus (2), variety (2), sizes (2), fit (2), even (2), been (2), built (2), smaller (2), upgrade (2), expensive (2), update (2), nearly (2), provided (2), introduced (2), signal (2), onboard (2), interfaces (2), features (2), capabilities (2), connected (2), attached (2), common (2), unlike (2), contains (2), back (2), set (2), workstations (2), digital (2), bus (2), mhz (2), motorola (2), jump (2), web (2), sep (2), cookie, statement, statistics, developers, disclaimers, text, apply, site, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, inc, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, last, edited, utc, ייִדיש, west, vlams, tiếng, việt, اردو, українська, türkçe, тоҷикӣ, ไทย, తెలుగు, தமிழ், tagalog, svenska, suomi, sunda, srpskohrvatski, српскохрватски, српски, srpski, کوردی, slovenščina, slovenčina, simple, සිංහල, shqip, scots, русский, română, português, polski, پښتو, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, oʻzbekcha, ўзбекча, ଓଡ଼ିଆ, олык, марий, occitan, nynorsk, bokmål, 日本語, नेपाल, भाषा, nederlands, မြန်မာဘာသာ, minangkabau, melayu, მარგალური, മലയാളം, македонски, magyar, lietuvių, lëtzebuergesch, latviešu, latina, кыргызча, kurdî, kiswahili, қазақша, ქართული, jawa, עברית, italiano, íslenska, indonesia, ido, hrvatski, हिन्दी, 한국어, ગુજરાતી, galego, gaeilge, furlan, frysk, français, فارسی, euskara, esperanto, español, ελληνικά, eesti, deutsch, dansk, čeština, català, brezhoneg, bosanski, български, bân, lâm, বাংলা, azərbaycanca, asturianu, العربية, afrikaans, languages, wikiversity, projects, printable, download, print, export, item, cite, permanent, pages, what, here, recent, community, portal, learn, help, contribute, donate, random, events, views, namespaces, log, create, account, contributions, logged, menu, hidden, lccn, j9u, category, december, mdy, dates, august, matches, compatibles, index, php, title, oldid, 1116415358, united, states, israel, authority, control, national, libraries, esata, firewire, obsolete, analog, jack, thunderbolt, fax, modem, vrm, smps, sshd, hdd, blu, ray, pack, removable, speakers, plotter, printer, softcam, webcam, microphone, gpu, scanner, trackball, touchscreen, touchpad, stick, trackpad, light, pen, game, front, panel, connectivity, ecs, media, know, arm, fundamentals, uefisecureboot, connectedstandby, shall, class, industry, group, evaluating, commercially, definition, compatibility, module, installable, emulation, disabled, certification, requirements, client, march, www, geeks, column, week, carey, holzman, mcgraw, hill, 174, 222923, isbn, healthy, preventive, care, remedies, your, esr, formula, chiu, tzu, moore, samuel, spectrum, february, faults, failures, leaking, muck, vol, 216, visual, karbo, michael, karbos, w1zzard, techpowerup, pinout, types, explained, bga, makeuseof, explains, golden, oldies, mainboards, miller, paul, july, 2006, engadget, sneaks, whining, macbook, pros, creep, symmetric, multiprocessing, switched, mode, applications, overclocking, unified, extensible, list, battery, screws, agp, accelerated, pcie, interconnect, successor, requiring, certified, run, mass, security, fingerprint, reader, adapter, store, configuration, voltages, inserted, conventional, stored, socketed, powered, tests, configures, circuitry, post, testing, following, things, self, test, contain, later, initialize, address, executing, initialized, tested, displayed, performed, checks, none, perform, stores, error, message, could, cassette, program, counter, eprom, mid, range, hand, exclusively, average, lifespan, multiplied, approximately, resulting, times, 5000, 10000, 12000, extending, projected, comparison, filter, distributed, age, dependent, rate, slowly, evaporate, lead, loss, capacitance, subsequent, malfunctions, instabilities, while, 2000, roughly, doubles, below, years, deliver, substandard, significantly, reduce, inadequate, elevated, exacerbate, problem, top, blowers, kept, 203, effectively, doubling, electrolytes, electrolytic, study, spurious, crashes, issues, ranging, distortions, write, errors, attributed, aging, ultimately, shown, result, electrolyte, formulation, issue, termed, plague, quiet, energy, efficient, boast, careful, layout, placement, theater, insufficient, improper, damage, internal, sufficient, until, since, required, rising, consumption, detect, controllable, regulate, alternatively, instead, passive, crash, air, cooled, vaio, newer, monitors, technology, linked, together, better, intensive, graphical, editing, etc, amd, crossfire, nvidia, sli, superseded, four, varying, sometimes, vary, brands, models, eatx, different, health, bluetooth, internet, lan, channel, pdif, pata, steadily, declining, costs, possible, combining, total, reduced, especially, budget, circuits, block, diagram, 2000s, supports, several, attaches, house, pin, counts, including, structure, facilitating, reducing, importantly, forming, laptops, surface, mount, particularly, architecture, x86, produced, shapes, specific, individual, commodity, psu, match, though, same, family, cases, accommodate, miniaturized, customized, reasons, difficult, repair, failure, entire, sun, macintosh, factors, given, always, mounting, points, dissipate, excess, thermal, additionally, commonly, minimal, occasionally, rarely, keyboards, distribute, require, provide, dedicated, attach, them, radeon, r600, geforce, supported, produces, synchronize, generator, volatile, forms, modules, lpddrx, ddr5, ddr4, ddr3, dram, dimm, packages, goldmont, plus, nano, ball, grid, array, microprocessors, important, determines, extent, essential, plug, cables, increasingly, integrate, itself, communicate, hosts, subsystems, almost, samsung, galaxy, sii, octek, jaguar, few, evidenced, lack, note, large, isa, developed, upgradeable, trend, continue, turn, century, like, processors, source, netbook, during, economical, move, increasing, onto, ics, capable, consumer, grade, networking, any, retained, separate, business, servers, likely, either, robust, fewer, published, schematic, diagrams, documentation, permitted, rapid, third, party, intended, building, exemplars, offered, manufacturer, equipment, reverse, engineering, prior, invention, consisted, multiple, cage, interconnected, old, copper, wires, discrete, pins, soon, practice, housed, individually, plugged, ubiquitous, 1970s, 100, 1990, operated, accessible, casing, 56001, 68040, nextcube, showing, follows, baby, similarly, term, describes, expansions, capability, controlling, laser, printers, television, sets, washing, machines, phones, limited, abilities, dell, precision, t3600, cad, manufactured, 2012, means, specifically, name, suggests, referred, mother, custom, tuner, host, adapters, daughterboards, purpose, expandable, holds, allows, communication, crucial, electronic, significant, sub, mobo, base, mboard, uses, disambiguation, free, encyclopedia, wayback, machine, http, archive, 20221018014713, timestamps, capture, fail, success, 2023, nov, oct, jan, 2004, 2026, 868, captures,

Text of the page (random words):
y video interface hardware was also integrated into the motherboard for example on the apple ii and rarely on ibm compatible computers such as the ibm pc jr additional peripherals such as disk controllers and serial ports were provided as expansion cards given the high thermal design power of high speed computer cpus and components modern motherboards nearly always include heat sinks and mounting points for fans to dissipate excess heat form factor edit main article motherboard form factor motherboards are produced in a variety of sizes and shapes called form factors some of which are specific to individual computer manufacturers however the motherboards used in ibm compatible systems are designed to fit various case sizes as of 2005 update most desktop computer motherboards use the atx standard form factor even those found in macintosh and sun computers which have not been built from commodity components a case s motherboard and power supply unit psu form factor must all match though some smaller form factor motherboards of the same family will fit larger cases for example an atx case will usually accommodate a microatx motherboard laptop computers generally use highly integrated miniaturized and customized motherboards this is one of the reasons that laptop computers are difficult to upgrade and expensive to repair often the failure of one laptop component requires the replacement of the entire motherboard which is usually more expensive than a desktop motherboard cpu sockets edit a cpu socket central processing unit or slot is an electrical component that attaches to a printed circuit board pcb and is designed to house a cpu also called a microprocessor it is a special type of integrated circuit socket designed for very high pin counts a cpu socket provides many functions including a physical structure to support the cpu support for a heat sink facilitating replacement as well as reducing cost and most importantly forming an electrical interface both with the cpu and the pcb cpu sockets on the motherboard can most often be found in most desktop and server computers laptops typically use surface mount cpus particularly those based on the intel x86 architecture a cpu socket type and motherboard chipset must support the cpu series and speed integrated peripherals edit block diagram of an early 2000s motherboard which supports many on board peripheral functions as well as several expansion slots with the steadily declining costs and size of integrated circuits it is now possible to include support for many peripherals on the motherboard by combining many functions on one pcb the physical size and total cost of the system may be reduced highly integrated motherboards are thus especially popular in small form factor and budget computers disk controllers for sata drives and historical pata drives historical floppy disk controller integrated graphics controller supporting 2d and 3d graphics with vga dvi hdmi displayport and tv output integrated sound card supporting 8 channel 7 1 audio and s pdif output ethernet network controller for connection to a lan and to receive internet usb controller wireless network interface controller bluetooth controller temperature voltage and fan speed sensors that allow software to monitor the health of computer components peripheral card slots edit a typical motherboard will have a different number of connections depending on its standard and form factor a standard modern atx motherboard will typically have two or three pci express x16 connection for a graphics card one or two legacy pci slots for various expansion cards and one or two pci e x1 which has superseded pci a standard eatx motherboard will have two to four pci e x16 connection for graphics cards and a varying number of pci and pci e x1 slots it can sometimes also have a pci e x4 slot will vary between brands and models some motherboards have two or more pci e x16 slots to allow more than 2 monitors without special hardware or use a special graphics technology called sli for nvidia and crossfire for amd these allow 2 to 4 graphics cards to be linked together to allow better performance in intensive graphical computing tasks such as gaming video editing etc in newer motherboards the m 2 slots are for ssd and or wireless network interface controller temperature and reliability edit a motherboard of a vaio e series laptop right a microatx motherboard with some faulty capacitors main article computer cooling motherboards are generally air cooled with heat sinks often mounted on larger chips in modern motherboards 5 insufficient or improper cooling can cause damage to the internal components of the computer or cause it to crash passive cooling or a single fan mounted on the power supply was sufficient for many desktop computer cpu s until the late 1990s since then most have required cpu fans mounted on heat sinks due to rising clock speeds and power consumption most motherboards have connectors for additional computer fans and integrated temperature sensors to detect motherboard and cpu temperatures and controllable fan connectors which the bios or operating system can use to regulate fan speed 6 alternatively computers can use a water cooling system instead of many fans some small form factor computers and home theater pcs designed for quiet and energy efficient operation boast fan less designs this typically requires the use of a low power cpu as well as a careful layout of the motherboard and other components to allow for heat sink placement a 2003 study found that some spurious computer crashes and general reliability issues ranging from screen image distortions to i o read write errors can be attributed not to software or peripheral hardware but to aging capacitors on pc motherboards 7 ultimately this was shown to be the result of a faulty electrolyte formulation 8 an issue termed capacitor plague modern motherboards use electrolytic capacitors to filter the dc power distributed around the board these capacitors age at a temperature dependent rate as their water based electrolytes slowly evaporate this can lead to loss of capacitance and subsequent motherboard malfunctions due to voltage instabilities while most capacitors are rated for 2000 hours of operation at 105 c 221 f 9 their expected design life roughly doubles for every 10 c 18 f below this at 65 c 149 f a lifetime of 3 to 4 years can be expected however many manufacturers deliver substandard capacitors 10 which significantly reduce life expectancy inadequate case cooling and elevated temperatures around the cpu socket exacerbate this problem with top blowers the motherboard components can be kept under 95 c 203 f effectively doubling the motherboard lifetime mid range and high end motherboards on the other hand use solid capacitors exclusively for every 10 c less their average lifespan is multiplied approximately by three resulting in a 6 times higher lifetime expectancy at 65 c 149 f 11 these capacitors may be rated for 5000 10000 or 12000 hours of operation at 105 c 221 f extending the projected lifetime in comparison with standard solid capacitors in desktop pcs and notebook computers the motherboard cooling and monitoring solutions are usually based on super i o or embedded controller bootstrapping edit motherboards contain a rom and later eprom eeprom nor flash to initialize hardware devices and load an operating system from a peripheral device microcomputers such as the apple ii and ibm pc used rom chips mounted in sockets on the motherboard at power up the central processor unit would load its program counter with the address of the boot rom and start executing instructions from the boot rom these instructions initialized and tested the system hardware displayed system information on the screen performed ram checks and then loaded an operating system from a peripheral device if none was available then the computer would perform tasks from other rom stores or display an error message depending on the model and design of the computer for example both the apple ii and the original ibm pc had cassette basic rom basic and would start that if no operating system could be loaded from the floppy disk or hard disk most modern motherboard designs use a bios stored in an eeprom or nor flash chip soldered to or socketed on the motherboard to boot an operating system when the computer is powered on the bios firmware tests and configures memory circuitry and peripherals this power on self test post may include testing some of the following things video card expansion cards inserted into slots such as conventional pci and pci express historical floppy drive temperatures voltages and fan speeds for hardware monitoring cmos memory used to store bios configuration keyboard and mouse sound card network adapter optical drives cd rom or dvd rom hard disk drive and solid state drive security devices such as a fingerprint reader usb devices such as a usb mass storage device many motherboards now use a successor to bios called uefi it became popular after microsoft began requiring it for a system to be certified to run windows 8 12 13 see also edit peripheral component interconnect pci pci x pci express pcie accelerated graphics port agp m 2 u 2 computer case screws cmos battery expansion card list of computer hardware manufacturers basic input output system bios unified extensible firmware interface uefi overclocking single board computer switched mode power supply applications symmetric multiprocessing chip creep references edit miller paul july 8 2006 apple sneaks new logic board into whining macbook pros engadget archived from the original on october 4 2013 retrieved october 2 2013 golden oldies 1993 mainboards archived from the original on may 13 2007 retrieved june 27 2007 cpu socket types explained from socket 5 to bga makeuseof explains january 25 2013 archived from the original on april 7 2015 retrieved april 12 2015 w1zzard april 6 2005 pinout of the pci express power connector techpowerup archived from the original on october 4 2013 retrieved october 2 2013 karbo michael the cpu and the motherboard karbos guide archived from the original on april 27 2015 retrieved june 21 2015 temperatures intel visual bios wiki archived from the original on june 21 2015 retrieved june 21 2015 c t magazine vol 21 pp 216 221 2003 chiu yu tzu moore samuel k january 31 2003 faults failures leaking capacitors muck up motherboards ieee spectrum archived from the original on february 19 2003 retrieved october 2 2013 capacitor lifetime formula low esr com archived from the original on september 15 2013 retrieved october 2 2013 carey holzman the healthy pc preventive care and home remedies for your computer mcgraw hill professional 2003 isbn 0 07 222923 3 page 174 gigabyte geeks column of the week all solid capacitor www gigabyte com archived from the original on march 27 2017 retrieved may 6 2017 windows hardware certification requirements for client and server systems microsoft january 2013 system fundamentals firmware cs uefisecureboot connectedstandby platforms shall be uefi class three see uefi industry group evaluating uefi using commercially available platforms and solutions version 0 3 for a definition with no compatibility support module installed or installable bios emulation and legacy pc at boot must be disabled microsoft all you need to know about windows 8 on arm pc magazine retrieved september 30 2013 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to computer motherboards the making of a motherboard ecs factory tour the making of a motherboard gigabyte factory tour front panel i o connectivity design guide v1 3 pdf file v t e basic computer components input devices pointing devices graphics tablet game controller light pen mouse optical optical trackpad pointing stick touchpad touchscreen trackball other keyboard image scanner graphics card gpu microphone refreshable braille display sound card sound chip webcam softcam output devices monitor screen refreshable braille display printer plotter speakers sound card graphics card removable data storage disk pack floppy disk optical disc cd dvd blu ray flash memory memory card usb flash drive computer case central processing unit microprocessor motherboard memory ram bios data storage hdd ssd sata nvme sshd power supply smps mosfet power mosfet vrm network interface controller fax modem expansion card ports current ethernet usb thunderbolt analog audio jack displayport hdmi obsolete firewire ieee 1394 parallel port serial port ps 2 port esata dvi vga authority control national libraries israel united states retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title motherboard oldid 1116415358 categories motherboard ibm pc compatibles hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use mdy dates from august 2021 articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007 all articles containing potentially dated statements all articles with vague or ambiguous time vague or ambiguous time from december 2021 articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005 commons category link is on wikidata articles with j9u identifiers articles with lccn identifiers navigation menu personal tools not logged in talk contributions create account log in namespaces article talk english views read edit view history more search navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us donate contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file tools what links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information cite this page wikidata item print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikiversity languages afrikaans العربية asturianu azərbaycanca বাংলা bân lâm gú български bosanski brezhoneg català čeština dansk deutsch eesti ελληνικά español esperanto euskara فارسی français frysk furlan gaeilge galego ગુજરાતી 한국어 हिन्दी hrvatski ido bahasa indonesia íslenska italiano עברית jawa ქართული қазақша kiswahili kurdî кыргызча latina latviešu lëtzebuergesch lietuvių magyar македонски മലയാളം მარგალური bahasa melayu minangkabau မြန်မာဘာသာ nederlands नेपाल भाषा 日本語 norsk bokmål norsk nynorsk occitan олык марий ଓଡ଼ିଆ oʻzbekcha ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پښتو polski português română русский scots shqip සිංහල simple english slovenčina slovenščina کوردی српски srpski srpskohrvatski српскохрватски sunda suomi svenska tagalog தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย тоҷикӣ türkçe українська اردو tiếng việt west vlams 吴语 ייִדיש 粵語 中文 edit links this page was last edited on 16 october 2022 at 13 00 utc text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike license 3 0 additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia mobile view develope...