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Text of the page (random words):
add other facts or assertions into a fully cited paragraph or sentence n the sun is pretty big but the moon is not so big 1 the sun is also quite hot 2 notes miller edward the sun academic press 2005 p 1 smith john the sun s heat academic press 2005 p 2 include a source to support the new information there are several ways to write this including y the sun is pretty big 1 but the moon is not so big 2 the sun is also quite hot 3 notes miller edward the sun academic press 2005 p 1 brown rebecca size of the moon scientific american 51 78 46 smith john the sun s heat academic press 2005 p 2 bundling citations shortcuts wp citebundle wp bundling main page help citation merging see also help shortened footnotes bundling citations and wikipedia citation overkill sometimes the article is more readable if multiple citations are bundled into a single footnote for example when there are multiple sources for a given sentence and each source applies to the entire sentence the sources can be placed at the end of the sentence like this 4 5 6 7 or they can be bundled into one footnote at the end of the sentence or paragraph like this 4 bundling is also useful if the sources each support a different portion of the preceding text or if the sources all support the same text bundling has several advantages it helps readers and other editors see at a glance which source supports which point maintaining text source integrity it avoids the visual clutter of multiple clickable footnotes inside a sentence or paragraph it avoids the confusion of having multiple sources listed separately after sentences with no indication of which source to check for each part of the text such as this 1 2 3 4 it makes it less likely that inline citations will be moved inadvertently when text is re arranged because the footnote states clearly which source supports which point to concatenate multiple citations for the same content semicolons or another character appropriate to the article s style can be used alternatively use one of the templates listed at the disambiguation page template multiple references the sun is pretty big bright and hot 1 notes semicolons miller edward the sun academic press 2005 p 1 brown rebecca the solar system scientific american 51 78 46 smith john the earth s star academic press 2005 p 2 for multiple citations in a single footnote each in reference to specific statements there are several layouts available as illustrated below within a given article only a single layout should be used the sun is pretty big but the moon is not so big the sun is also quite hot 1 notes bullets for the sun s size see miller edward the sun academic press 2005 p 1 for the moon s size see brown rebecca size of the moon scientific american 51 78 46 for the sun s heat see smith john the sun s heat academic press 2005 p 2 line breaks for the sun s size see miller edward the sun academic press 2005 p 1 for the moon s size see brown rebecca size of the moon scientific american 51 78 46 for the sun s heat see smith john the sun s heat academic press 2005 p 2 paragraph for the sun s size see miller edward the sun academic press 2005 p 1 for the moon s size see brown rebecca size of the moon scientific american 51 78 46 for the sun s heat see smith john the sun s heat academic press 2005 p 2 however using line breaks to separate list items breaches wp accessibility nobreaks do not separate list items with line breaks br unbulleted list citebundle was made specifically for this purpose also available is unbulleted list in text attribution shortcut wp intext further information wikipedia neutral point of view attributing and specifying biased statements and wikipedia manual of style point of view in text attribution is the attribution inside a sentence of material to its source in addition to an inline citation after the sentence in text attribution should be used with direct speech a source s words between quotation marks or as a block quotation indirect speech a source s words modified without quotation marks and close paraphrasing it can also be used when loosely summarizing a source s position in your own words and it should always be used for biased statements of opinion it avoids inadvertent plagiarism and helps the reader see where a position is coming from an inline citation should follow the attribution usually at the end of the sentence or paragraph in question for example n to reach fair decisions parties must consider matters as if behind a veil of ignorance 2 y john rawls argues that to reach fair decisions parties must consider matters as if behind a veil of ignorance 2 y john rawls argues that to reach fair decisions parties must consider matters as if situated behind a veil of ignorance 2 when using in text attribution make sure it doesn t lead to an inadvertent neutrality violation for example the following implies parity between the sources without making clear that the position of darwin is the majority view n charles darwin says that human beings evolved through natural selection but john smith writes that we arrived here in pods from mars y humans evolved through natural selection as first explained in charles darwin s the descent of man and selection in relation to sex neutrality issues apart there are other ways in text attribution can mislead the sentence below suggests the new york times has alone made this important discovery n according to the new york times the sun will set in the west this evening y the sun sets in the west each evening it is preferable not to clutter articles with information best left to the references interested readers can click on the ref to find out the publishing journal n in an article published in the lancet in 2012 researchers announced the discovery of the new tissue type 3 y the discovery of the new tissue type was first published by researchers in 2012 3 simple facts such as this can have inline citations to reliable sources as an aid to the reader but normally the text itself is best left as a plain statement without in text attribution y by mass oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen and helium 4 general references shortcut wp genref a general reference is a citation to a reliable source that supports content but is not linked to any particular text in the article through an inline citation general references are usually listed at the end of the article in a references section and are usually sorted by the last name of the author or the editor general reference sections are most likely to be found in underdeveloped articles especially when all article content is supported by a single source the disadvantage of general references is that text source integrity is lost unless the article is very short they are frequently reworked by later editors into inline citations the appearance of a general references section is the same as those given above in the sections on short citations and parenthetical references if both cited and uncited references exist their distinction can be highlighted with separate section names e g references and general references dealing with unsourced material shortcuts wp nocite wp blpcite if an article has no references at all then if the entire article is patent nonsense tag it for speedy deletion using criterion g1 if the article is a biography of a living person it can be tagged with subst prod blp to propose deletion if it s a biography of a living person and is an attack page then it should be tagged for speedy deletion using criterion g10 which will blank the page if the article doesn t fit into the above two categories then consider finding references yourself or commenting on the article talk page or the talk page of the article creator you may also tag the article with the unreferenced template and consider nominating it for deletion for individual claims in an article not supported by a reference if the article is a biography of a living person then any contentious material must be removed immediately see biographies of living persons if the material lacking reference is seriously inappropriate it may need to be hidden from general view in which case request admin assistance if the material added appears to be false or an expression of opinion remove it and inform the editor who added the unsourced material the uw unsourced1 template may be placed on their talk page in any other case consider finding references yourself or commenting on the article talk page or the talk page of the editor who added the unsourced material you may place a citation needed or dubious tag against the added text citation templates and tools shortcut wp citeconsensus further information wikipedia citation templates and help citation tools for a comparison of citations using templates with citations written freehand see wikipedia citing sources example edits for different methods footnotes citation templates can be used to format citations in a consistent way the use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged an article should not be switched between templated and non templated citations without good reason and consensus see variation in citation methods above if citation templates are used in an article the parameters should be accurate it is inappropriate to set parameters to false values to cause the template to render as if it were written in some style other than the style normally produced by the template e g mla style metadata citations may be accompanied by metadata though it is not mandatory most citation templates on wikipedia use the coins standard metadata such as this allow browser plugins and other automated software to make citation data accessible to the user for instance by providing links to their library s online copies of the cited works in articles that format citations manually metadata may be added manually in a span according to the coins specification citation generation tools shortcut wp citegenerators the wikipedia visual editor now helps users format insert and edit sources by simply providing a doi url isbn etc user ark25 refscript a javascript bookmarklet creates references in one click works for many newspapers user v111p js webref a script or bookmarklet automating the filling of the cite web template you use the script on the page you want to cite user badgettrg biomedical citation maker uses pubmed id pmid or doi or pmcid or nct adds links to acp journal club and evidence based medicine comments if present wp refill adds titles to bare url references and other cleanup template ref info which can aid evaluating what kind of citation style was used to write the article based on citoid cite templates in visual editor user salix alba citoid a client for the mw citoid server which generates citation style 1 templates from urls reftag reftag for doi reftag for new york times wikipedia doi and google books citation maker hosted on tools wmflabs org wikipedia reftoolbar 2 0 used in the source editor citation bot yadkard a web based tool for generating shortened footnotes and citation using google books urls doi or isbn also supports some news websites wikipedia template filling generates vancouver style citations from pmids pubmed ids programming tools see also help citation tools tools wikicite is a free program that helps editors to create citations for their wikipedia contributions using citation templates it is written in visual basic net making it suitable only for users with the net framework installed on windows or for other platforms the mono alternative framework wikicite and its source code is freely available see the developer s page for further details user richiez has tools to automatically handle citations for a whole article at a time converts occurrences of pmid xxxx or isbn xxxx to properly formatted footnote or harvard style references written in ruby and requires a working installation with basic libraries pubmed2wikipedia xsl an xsl stylesheet transforming the xml output of pubmed to wikipedia refs reference management software reference management software can output formatted citations in several styles including bibtex ris or wikipedia citation template styles comparison of reference management software side by side comparison of various reference management software wikipedia citing sources with zotero essay on using zotero to quickly add citations to articles zotero by roy rosenzweig center for history and new media license affero gpl is open source software with local reference database which can be synchronized between several computers over the online database up to 300 mb without payment endnote by thomson reuters license proprietary mendeley by elsevier license proprietary paperpile by paperpile llc license proprietary papers by springer license proprietary see also how to cite wikipedia references dos and don ts a concise summary of some of the most important guidance on this page help referencing for beginners a simple practical guide to getting started help how to mine a source how to guide on getting maximum information from cited material wikipedia verification methods listing examples of the most common ways that citations are used in wikipedia articles wikipedia improving referencing efforts essay on why references are important wikipedia citation templates a full listing of various styles for citing all sorts of materials wikipedia citing sources example edits for different methods showing comparative edit mode representations for different citation methods and techniques wikipedia citing sources further considerations additional considerations for citing sources wikipedia inline citation more information on inline citations wikipedia nesting footnotes how to guide on nesting footnotes wikipedia manual of style layout further reading for information about the further reading section wikipedia external links for information about the external links section wikipedia plagiarism public domain sources guideline covering the inclusion of material in the public domain wikipedia scientific citation guidelines guidelines for dealing with scientific and mathematical articles wikipedia wikiproject resource exchange shared resources project guide on finding resources mediawiki extension cite details of the software which support the ref parser hooks citation problems template irrelevant citation inline template to note source simply is not relevant to the material template more citations needed template to add to article or section where citations are insufficient template text source template to add to article or section where text source integrity is questioned wikipedia citation needed explanation of template to tag statements that need a citation wikipedia citation overkill why too many citations on one fact can be a bad thing wikipedia copyright problems in case of text that has been copied verbatim inappropriately wikipedia link rot guide to preventing link rot wikipedia you don t n...