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apache avro wikipedia 959 captures 04 apr 2012 29 sep 2026 sep oct nov 19 2021 2022 2023 success fail about this capture timestamps the wayback machine http web archive org web 20221019063254 https en wikipedia org wiki apache_avro apache avro from wikipedia the free encyclopedia jump to navigation jump to search open source remote procedure call framework apache avro developer s apache software foundation initial release 2 november 2009 12 years ago 2009 11 02 1 stable release 1 11 1 july 31 2022 2 months ago 2022 07 31 2 repository avro repository written in java c c c perl python php ruby type remote procedure call framework license apache license 2 0 website avro apache org avro is a row oriented remote procedure call and data serialization framework developed within apache s hadoop project it uses json for defining data types and protocols and serializes data in a compact binary format its primary use is in apache hadoop where it can provide both a serialization format for persistent data and a wire format for communication between hadoop nodes and from client programs to the hadoop services avro uses a schema to structure the data that is being encoded it has two different types of schema languages one for human editing avro idl and another which is more machine readable based on json 3 it is similar to thrift and protocol buffers but does not require running a code generation program when a schema changes unless desired for statically typed languages apache spark sql can access avro as a data source 4 contents 1 avro object container file 2 schema definition 3 serializing and deserializing 3 1 example serialization and deserialization code in python 4 languages with apis 5 avro idl 6 logo 7 see also 8 references 9 further reading avro object container file edit an avro object container file consists of 5 a file header followed by one or more file data blocks a file header consists of four bytes ascii o b j followed by the avro version number which is 1 0x01 binary values 0x4f 0x62 0x6a 0x01 file metadata including the schema definition the 16 byte randomly generated sync marker for this file for data blocks avro specifies two serialization encodings 6 binary and json most applications will use the binary encoding as it is smaller and faster for debugging and web based applications the json encoding may sometimes be appropriate schema definition edit avro schemas are defined using json schemas are composed of primitive types null boolean int long float double bytes and string and complex types record enum array map union and fixed 7 simple schema example namespace example avro type record name user fields name name type string name favorite_number type null int name favorite_color type null string serializing and deserializing edit data in avro might be stored with its corresponding schema meaning a serialized item can be read without knowing the schema ahead of time example serialization and deserialization code in python edit serialization 8 import avro schema from avro datafile import datafilereader datafilewriter from avro io import datumreader datumwriter schema avro schema parse open user avsc rb read need to know the schema to write according to 1 8 2 of apache avro writer datafilewriter open users avro wb datumwriter schema writer append name alyssa favorite_number 256 writer append name ben favorite_number 8 favorite_color red writer close file users avro will contain the schema in json and a compact binary representation 9 of the data od v t x1z users avro 0000000 4f 62 6a 01 04 14 61 76 72 6f 2e 63 6f 64 65 63 obj avro codec 0000020 08 6e 75 6c 6c 16 61 76 72 6f 2e 73 63 68 65 6d null avro schem 0000040 61 ba 03 7b 22 74 79 70 65 22 3a 20 22 72 65 63 a type rec 0000060 6f 72 64 22 2c 20 22 6e 61 6d 65 22 3a 20 22 55 ord name u 0000100 73 65 72 22 2c 20 22 6e 61 6d 65 73 70 61 63 65 ser namespace 0000120 22 3a 20 22 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 61 76 72 6f example avro 0000140 22 2c 20 22 66 69 65 6c 64 73 22 3a 20 5b 7b 22 fields 0000160 74 79 70 65 22 3a 20 22 73 74 72 69 6e 67 22 2c type string 0000200 20 22 6e 61 6d 65 22 3a 20 22 6e 61 6d 65 22 7d name name 0000220 2c 20 7b 22 74 79 70 65 22 3a 20 5b 22 69 6e 74 type int 0000240 22 2c 20 22 6e 75 6c 6c 22 5d 2c 20 22 6e 61 6d null nam 0000260 65 22 3a 20 22 66 61 76 6f 72 69 74 65 5f 6e 75 e favorite_nu 0000300 6d 62 65 72 22 7d 2c 20 7b 22 74 79 70 65 22 3a mber type 0000320 20 5b 22 73 74 72 69 6e 67 22 2c 20 22 6e 75 6c string nul 0000340 6c 22 5d 2c 20 22 6e 61 6d 65 22 3a 20 22 66 61 l name fa 0000360 76 6f 72 69 74 65 5f 63 6f 6c 6f 72 22 7d 5d 7d vorite_color 0000400 00 05 f9 a3 80 98 47 54 62 bf 68 95 a2 ab 42 ef gtb h b 0000420 24 04 2c 0c 41 6c 79 73 73 61 00 80 04 02 06 42 alyssa b 0000440 65 6e 00 10 00 06 72 65 64 05 f9 a3 80 98 47 54 en red gt 0000460 62 bf 68 95 a2 ab 42 ef 24 b h b 0000471 deserialization reader datafilereader open users avro rb datumreader the schema is embedded in the data file for user in reader print user reader close this outputs u favorite_color none u favorite_number 256 u name u alyssa u favorite_color u red u favorite_number 8 u name u ben languages with apis edit though theoretically any language could use avro the following languages have apis written for them 10 11 c c c 12 13 14 elixir 15 16 go haskell 17 java javascript 18 perl php python ruby rust 19 scala avro idl edit in addition to supporting json for type and protocol definitions avro includes experimental 20 support for an alternative interface description language idl syntax known as avro idl previously known as genavro this format is designed to ease adoption by users familiar with more traditional idls and programming languages with a syntax similar to c c protocol buffers and others logo edit the apache avro logo is from the defunct british aircraft manufacturer avro originally a v roe and company 21 football team avro f c uses the same logo 22 see also edit free and open source software portal comparison of data serialization formats apache thrift protocol buffers etch protocol internet communications engine messagepack cbor references edit apache avro a new format for data interchange blog cloudera com retrieved march 10 2019 apache avro releases avro apache org retrieved march 17 2021 kleppmann martin 2017 designing data intensive applications first ed o reilly p 122 3 reasons why in hadoop analytics are a big deal dataconomy dataconomy com april 21 2016 apache avro specification object container files avro apache org retrieved march 10 2019 apache avro specification encodings avro apache org retrieved march 11 2019 apache avro getting started python avro apache org retrieved march 11 2019 apache avro getting started python avro apache org retrieved march 11 2019 apache avro specification data serialization avro apache org retrieved march 11 2019 phunt github phunt avro rpc quickstart apache avro rpc quick start avro is a subproject of apache hadoop github retrieved april 13 2016 supported languages apache avro apache software foundation retrieved april 21 2016 avro 1 5 1 asf jira retrieved april 13 2016 avro 533 net implementation of avro asf jira retrieved april 13 2016 supported languages retrieved april 13 2016 avroex hexdocs pm retrieved october 18 2017 avrora avrora v0 21 1 hexdocs pm retrieved june 11 2021 native haskell implementation of avro thomas m dubuisson galois inc retrieved august 8 2016 pure javascript implementation of the avro specification retrieved may 4 2020 avro client library implementation in rust retrieved december 17 2018 apache avro 1 8 2 idl retrieved march 11 2019 the avro logo avroheritagemuseum co uk retrieved december 31 2018 avro f c avrojfc org retrieved december 31 2018 further reading edit white tom november 2010 hadoop the definitive guide isbn 978 1 4493 8973 4 v t e the apache software foundation top level projects accumulo activemq airflow ambari ant aries arrow apache http server apr avro axis axis2 beam bloodhound brooklyn buildr calcite camel carbondata cassandra cayenne chemistry cloudstack cocoon cordova couchdb ctakes cxf derby directory drill druid empire db felix flex flink flume freemarker geronimo giraph gump hadoop hbase helix hive impala jackrabbit james jena jini jmeter kafka kudu kylin lucene mahout maven mina mod_perl myfaces nifi netbeans nutch ofbiz oozie openejb openjpa opennlp oрenoffice orc pdfbox parquet phoenix poi pig pinot pivot qpid roller rocketmq samza servicemix shiro singa sling solr spark storm spamassassin struts 1 struts 2 subversion superset systemds tapestry thrift tika tomcat trafodion traffic server uima velocity wicket xalan xerces xmlbeans yetus zookeeper commons bcel bsf daemon jelly logging incubator mxnet nuttx taverna other projects batik chainsaw fop ivy log4j attic abdera apex axkit beehive bluesky ibatis c standard library cactus click continuum deltacloud etch excalibur forrest hama harmony hivemind jakarta lenya marmotta ode shale shindig slide sqoop stanbol tuscany wave wink xml licenses apache license category v t e data exchange formats human readable formats atom csv edifact json web encryption web token web signature property list rdf rebol xml yaml binary formats amf asn 1 smi avro base32 base64 bson ubjson cap n proto cbor flatbuffers messagepack property list protocol buffers thrift cyphal dsdl xdr uuencode yenc comparison of data serialization formats retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title apache_avro oldid 1103228039 categories apache software foundation projects inter process communication application layer protocols remote procedure call data serialization formats hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use mdy dates from april 2016 articles with example python programming language code navigation menu personal tools not logged in talk contributions create account log in namespaces article talk english views read edit view history more search navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us donate contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file tools what links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information cite this page wikidata item print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons languages deutsch français 한국어 norsk bokmål 中文 edit links this page was last edited on 8 august 2022 at 22 27 utc text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike license 3 0 additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia mobile view developers statistics cookie statement