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hardware register wikipedia 222 captures 29 jul 2004 13 sep 2026 sep oct nov 20 2021 2022 2023 success fail about this capture timestamps the wayback machine http web archive org web 20221020162558 https en wikipedia org wiki hardware_register hardware register from wikipedia the free encyclopedia jump to navigation jump to search circuit components acting like computer memory this article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article june 2015 in digital electronics especially computing hardware registers are circuits typically composed of flip flops often with many characteristics similar to memory such as the ability to read or write multiple bits at a time and using an address to select a particular register in a manner similar to a memory address their distinguishing characteristic however is that they also have special hardware related functions beyond those of ordinary memory so depending on the point of view hardware registers are like memory with additional hardware related functions or memory circuits are like hardware registers that just store data hardware registers are used in the interface between software and peripherals software writes them to send information to the device and reads them to get information from the device some hardware devices also include registers that are not visible to software for their internal use depending on their complexity modern hardware devices can have many registers standard integrated circuits typically document their externally exposed registers as part of their electronic component datasheet contents 1 functionality 2 register varieties 3 standards 4 see also 5 references functionality edit typical uses of hardware registers include configuration and start up of certain features especially during initialization buffer storage e g video memory for graphics cards input output i o of different kinds status reporting such as whether a certain event has occurred in the hardware unit for example a modem status register or a line status register 1 reading a hardware register in peripheral units computer hardware outside the cpu involves accessing its memory mapped i o address or port mapped i o address with a load or store instruction issued by the processor hardware registers are addressed in words but sometimes only use a few bits of the word read in to or written out to the register commercial design tools simplify and automate memory mapped register specification and code generation for hardware firmware hardware verification testing and documentation registers can be read write read only or write only write only registers are generally avoided they are suitable for registers that cause a transient action when written but store no persistent data to be read such as a reset a peripheral register they may be the only option in designs that cannot afford gates for the relatively large logic circuit and signal routing needed for register data readback such as the atari 2600 games console s tia chip however write only registers make debugging more difficult 2 and lead to the read modify write problem so read write registers are preferred on pcs write only registers made it difficult for the advanced configuration and power interface acpi to determine the device s state when entering sleep mode in order to restore that state when exiting sleep mode 3 register varieties edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources hardware register news newspapers books scholar jstor august 2016 learn how and when to remove this template message the hardware registers inside a central processing unit cpu are called processor registers strobe registers have the same interface as normal hardware registers but instead of storing data they trigger an action each time they are written to or in rare cases read from they are a means of signaling registers are normally measured by the number of bits they can hold for example an 8 bit register or a 32 bit register designers can implement registers in a wide variety of ways including register files standard sram individual flip flops high speed core memory in addition to the programmer visible registers that can be read and written with software many chips have internal microarchitectural registers that are used for state machines and pipelining for example registered memory standards edit spirit ip xact and dita sidsc xml define standard xml formats for memory mapped registers 4 5 6 see also edit processor register register transfer level rtl input output base address references edit bose sanjay k 2007 hardware and software of personal computers new age international p 54 isbn 9788122403039 retrieved 2012 09 10 once the ins 8250 has been properly initialized we should make proper use of the modem status register msr line status register lsr and the interrupt identification register iir for controlling the device during actual operation http www microsoft com whdc resources mvp xtrememvp_hw mspx etb microsoft mvp if every hardware engineer just understood that write only registers make debugging almost impossible microsoft guidelines for bus and device specifications blog entry on ip xact format archived from the original on 2009 03 09 retrieved 2009 03 17 ip xact schema see component xsd dita semiconductor register spec retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title hardware_register oldid 1070079289 categories control flow central processing unit digital registers hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use american english from april 2019 all wikipedia articles written in american english wikipedia introduction cleanup from june 2015 all pages needing cleanup articles covered by wikiproject wikify from june 2015 all articles covered by wikiproject wikify articles needing additional references from august 2016 all articles needing additional references navigation menu personal tools not logged in talk contributions create account log in namespaces article talk english views read edit view history more search navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us donate contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file tools what links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information cite this page wikidata item print export download as pdf printable version languages azərbaycanca বাংলা español فارسی 한국어 italiano latviešu polski português русский ไทย тоҷикӣ українська 中文 edit links this page was last edited on 5 february 2022 at 15 28 utc text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike license 3 0 additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and 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