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u darya but has had difficulty distributing water fairly among nations due to limited funding and physical infrastructure 122 this has led to conflict between the states to alleviate the stress on water resources in central asia international organizations looking at the situation have advocated for creation of a river basin commission to represent each nation equitably distribute water and peacefully resolve conflicts 122 it has also been suggested that each nation take responsibility by limiting its downstream environmental effects through reducing agricultural runoff informing fellow nations of proposed actions which may impact water quality and supply and sharing data regarding these natural water sources 122 baltic states edit the three baltic countries estonia latvia lithuania were de facto part of the soviet union after wwii until they restored independence in 1991 afterwards they have had difficulty acquiring fuels and meeting their energy needs 123 for this reason they were reliant on russian oil and did not have the capacity to acquire fuel from other producers which had led to frequent fuel shortages 123 estonia latvia and lithuania primarily used fossil fuels for energy including imported gas oil and petroleum products 123 the baltic states used fuels with high amounts of sulfur and pollutants which has had a negative effect on the environment power plants constructed in the baltic states under the ussr were inefficient as they were designed to power the entire northwestern region of soviet territory 123 during this time environmental monitoring and regulation were controlled at the local level but the baltic states had little influence over the state managed industrial activities in their area 123 concern for the environment fueled a desire for independence from the ussr 123 since declaring independence the energy consumption of the baltic states has declined due to a decrease in industrial activity and each nation has created its own environmental oversight body the ministry of environment in estonia the environmental protection committee in latvia and the environmental protection department in latvia all of which were under the legislative branch but independent from executive government 123 air pollution was high in the baltic states due to the high sulfur and other pollutants emitted from their fuel sources water pollution was also considerable due to agricultural and industrial activity as well as the legacy of soviet military installations 123 emission charges were enacted in the baltic states to reduce pollution levels 123 estonia edit northeastern estonia and the narva region in particular was the site of an oil shale industry which provided electricity and heat 123 estonia was the only nation to have ever had an oil shale based energy system 123 mining for oil shale caused estonia to have the highest amounts of pollution in the baltic states 123 surrounding nations pressured estonia to reduce its emissions but a lack of desulfurization equipment has forced estonia to instead lower its energy production which has hurt the nation economically 123 water pollution has also been considered among the worst of estonia s environmental problems because it does not have the infrastructure to effectively treat as much sewage as is created 123 latvia edit latvia produces the least amount of power and pollution and has the highest amount of forest damage of all the baltic states 123 lithuania edit lithuania is the largest producer of electricity of all three baltic states 123 lithuania s land area is roughly 31 forested and is both state and privately owned 124 under the ussr forest and other natural resources were state owned and centrally managed 124 the state determined how resources would be used and excluded the public from influencing forest policy 124 the transition to a post soviet political and economic system led to privatization of forests and a market economy 124 today lithuania s forests are managed democratically and sustainably so as to preserve biodiversity and forest resources 124 health edit this section is empty you can help by adding to it september 2020 post soviet nostalgia edit see also nostalgia for the soviet union and communist nostalgia people in donetsk celebrate the soviet victory over nazi germany on 9 may 2018 ever since the dissolution of the soviet union a certain number of people predominantly people around the age of 55 80 which is most likely due to the ussr s peak performance in the time of brezhnev have expressed a longing for the soviet period and its values the level of post soviet nostalgia varies across the former republics for example certain groups of people may blend the soviet and post soviet experience in their daily lives clarification needed 125 a 2009 pew research center poll showed that 62 of ukrainians felt that their lives were worse off after 1989 when free markets were made dominant 126 a follow up poll by pew research center in 2011 showed that 45 of lithuanians 42 of russians and 34 of ukrainians approved of the change to a post soviet market economy 127 according to july 2012 polling in ukraine by rating 42 of respondents supported the formation of a unified state of ukraine russia and belarus earlier in 2012 this support had been 48 128 a 2016 poll of russian citizens conducted by levada center showed that the majority viewed the collapse of the ussr negatively and felt that it could have been avoided and an even greater number would openly welcome a revival of the soviet system citation needed a 2018 poll showed that 66 of russians regretted the collapse of the ussr setting a 15 year record the majority were people older than 55 129 130 a 2019 poll found that 59 of russians felt that the soviet government took care of ordinary people joseph stalin s favorability also hit record highs that same year 131 characteristics of regionalization edit regional categorization of post soviet states central asia eastern europe northeastern europe russian federation south caucasus various regional structures have emerged in the post soviet geography which is fragmented in political and geopolitical terms the first of these was the independent state society cis which included former soviet countries outside the baltic countries the failure of the cis to meet the foreign policy needs of many post soviet countries has set the stage for a new regional integration at the initiative of georgia ukraine azerbaijan and moldova a guam organization was established in strasbourg on 10 october 1997 132 the purpose and principles of the organization were determined at the first summit of guam on 7 june 2001 in yalta the countries participating in the guam aimed to maintain their national independence and sovereignty and to increase their maneuverability against russia 133 see also edit soviet empire border states eastern europe russian world russian irredentism eastern bloc frozen conflict operation provide hope organization for security and co operation in europe statistics russification russophilia russophobia second world union of sovereign states unrepresented nations and peoples organization portals 1990s geography europe asia history references edit managing conflict in the former soviet union russian and american perspectives harvard edu 30 october 1997 archived from the original on 3 march 2016 retrieved 2 december 2015 on legal succession of ukraine articles 7 and 8 про правонаступництво україни zakon rada gov ua retrieved 21 february 2022 раздел ссср рф обсудит нулевой вариант долгов ссср если украина компенсирует 20 млрд долга korrespondent net van elsuwege peter 2008 from soviet republics to eu member states a legal and political assessment of the baltic states accession to the eu studies in eu external relations vol 1 brill p xxii isbn 9789004169456 smith david james 2001 estonia routledge p 20 isbn 978 0 415 26728 1 lane david december 2007 post communist states and the european union journal of communist studies and transition politics 23 4 461 477 doi 10 1080 13523270701674558 issn 1352 3279 moga teodor lucian alexeev denis 2013 post soviet states between russia and the eu reviving geopolitical competition a dual perspective pdf connections 13 1 41 52 doi 10 11610 connections 13 1 03 jstor 26326349 via jstor jozwiak rikard 5 april 2019 eu ex soviet republics to extend partnership beyond 2020 radio free europe radio liberty retrieved 10 august 2021 danilova maria dahlburg john thor 17 march 2014 crimea declares independence the boston globe associated press retrieved 10 august 2021 a b william safire 22 may 1994 on language the near abroad the new york times retrieved 18 april 2008 robert kagan 6 february 2008 new europe old russia the washington post retrieved 18 april 2008 a b steven erlanger 25 february 2001 the world learning to fear putin s gaze the new york times retrieved 18 april 2008 a b c area includes land and water population data as of february 1 2014 the agency of statistics of the republic of kazakhstan latest data archived from the original on 1 august 2013 retrieved 5 march 2022 population data as of 2015 official estimate stat kg retrieved 5 march 2022 a b c d e population data as of january 1 2014 statistical agency under president of the republic of tajikistan 6 march 2012 archived from the original on 6 march 2012 population data as of july 1 2013 un estimate государственный комитет республики узбекистан по статистике демографические данные archived from the original on 23 july 2014 population data as of july 1 2014 demographic situation in half year 2014 29 july 2014 archived from the original on 29 july 2014 population data as of january 1 2017 statistică biroul naţional de populaţia și procesele demografice statistica gov md the russian federation technically achieved de facto independence from the soviet union after ratifying the belavezha accords after the almaty protocol the rf took over the soviet union s un 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სტატისტიკის ეროვნული სამსახური geostat ge frank lorimer the population of the soviet union history and prospects pdf marxists org retrieved 5 march 2022 a b holds both presidency and executive powers as the prime minister of turkmenistan role was abolished transition the first ten years analysis and lessons for eastern europe and the former soviet union the world bank washington dc 2002 p 4 gdp decline transition and great depression compared kalikova and associates law firm kyrgyzstan retrieved 13 january 2009 study finds poverty deepening in former communist countries new york times 12 october 2000 scheidel walter 2017 the great leveler violence and the history of inequality from the stone age to the twenty first century princeton university press p 222 isbn 978 0691165028 death surge linked with mass privatisation university of oxford 2009 archived from the original on 2 july 2014 retrieved 28 june 2015 privatisation raised death rate bbc 15 january 2009 retrieved 19 november 2014 rosefielde steven 2001 premature deaths russia s radical economic transition in soviet perspective europe asia studies 53 8 1159 1176 doi 10 1080 09668130120093174 s2cid 145733112 edit review countries 9 may 2006 archived from the original on 9 may 2006 ghodsee kristen 2017 red hangover legacies of twentieth century communism duke university press p 63 isbn 978 0822369493 milanović branko 2015 after the wall fell the poor balance sheet of the transition to capitalism challenge 58 2 135 138 doi 10 1080 05775132 2015 1012402 s2cid 153398717 ghodsee kristen orenstein mitchell a 2021 taking stock of shock social consequences of the 1989 revolutions oxford university press p 184 doi 10 1093 oso 9780197549230 001 0001 isbn 978 0197549247 ghodsee who had conducted much of her research in the balkans or east germany among women and ethnic minorities believed that milanović s findings were essentially correct but were most likely underestimating the negative impacts of transition by focusing only on gdp inequality and democratic consolidation orenstein on the other hand whose early career was spent conducting research on the transition process in poland and the czech republic believed that milanović s findings were overly pessimistic poland had done spectacularly well and living standards had increased in many countries vértesy lászló 2017 constitutional bases of public finances in the central and eastern european countries 25th nispacee annual conference innovation governance in the public sector rochester ny ssrn 3157175 gdp growth annual worldbank org retrieved 2 december 2015 report for selected countries and subjects imf org human development report 2021 22 uncertain times unsettled lives shaping our future in a transforming world pdf hdr undp org united nations development programme retrieved 25 september 2022 a b ratification status of cis documents as of 15 january 2008 archived 30 october 2008 at the wayback machine russian turkmenistan reduces cis ties to 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