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Text of the page (random words):
h to keep them usable they need to be managed in a repository so that they are protected from accidental or intentional damage and so that a full computing environment can be created in which they can be accessed and understood when they are needed 2 information objects have descriptive metadata information about the object that could be used to discover access and identify the digital object this metadata is however not enough to preserve the digital objects in the long term for example the digital object s file format can become obsolete and unusable by future software applications this would require either transforming the older format to a newer one migration or reproducing the original experience with newer technology emulation both strategies would require the additional information such as technical metadata about the original files information about the older hardware and software that they ran on and information about actions that have transformed the digital object over time all of these are types of preservation metadata preservation metadata therefore supports activities intended to ensure the long term usability of a digital resource 3 in the early 2000s it became clear that a shared community metadata standard was needed to ensure long term preservation of the ever increasing digital resources experts from key memory institutions and repository developers joined together to define it resulting in the premis data dictionary for preservation metadata which has become a de facto standard that defines core metadata needed by most preservation repositories the use of standards is important as it supports the development of a community of best practice it helps practitioners learn from the insights of others so that they do not inadvertently overlook key metadata in their own practice it allows for development of tools to make metadata creation and management easier and it enables organizations to more easily exchange information with each other contents 1 history 2 versions 3 entities 4 data dictionary 5 see also 6 references 7 external links history edit the premis working group was created to further the work of an earlier initiative sponsored by the online computer library center oclc and the research libraries group rlg the preservation metadata framework pmf working group in 2001 2002 the pmf working group outlined the types of information that should be associated with an archived digital object their report a metadata framework to support the preservation of digital objects the framework proposed a list of prototype metadata elements at this stage these proposed elements could not be implemented and additional work was needed in 2003 the premis working group was asked to take the pmf group s findings further and develop a data dictionary of core metadata for archived digital objects as well as to give guidance and suggest best practice for management creating managing and using the metadata in preservation systems premis was charged to define a set of semantic units that are implementation independent practically oriented and likely to be needed by most preservation repositories 4 the working group consisted of a multi national roster of more than thirty representatives from the cultural government and private sectors 5 it sought to understand how preservation repositories were actually implementing preservation metadata a survey was performed on 70 organizations thought to be active in or interested in digital preservation in december 2004 the premis working group published its report implementing preservation repositories for digital materials current practice and emerging trends in the cultural heritage community the earlier framework and the premis data dictionary build on the open archival information system oais reference model the oais information model provides a conceptual foundation in the form of a taxonomy of information objects and packages for archived objects and the structure of their associated metadata the framework through its deeply detailed mapping of preservation metadata to that conceptual structure can be seen as an elaboration of oais the premis data dictionary on the other hand can be seen as a translation of the framework into a set of implementable semantic units the data dictionary and oais sometimes differ in terminology usage and these are noted in the glossary differences usually reflect the fact that premis semantic units require more specificity than the oais definitions provide which is to be expected when moving from a conceptual framework to an implementation 6 in may 2005 premis released data dictionary for preservation metadata final report of the premis working group this 237 page report includes premis data dictionary 1 0 a comprehensive practical resource for implementing preservation metadata in digital archiving systems accompanying report providing context data model assumptions special topics glossary usage examples set of xml schema which was developed to support use of the data dictionary 7 the current version 3 0 of premis was released in june 2015 8 versions edit versions table dd version dd date ontology version ontology date ontology xmlns description old version no longer maintained 1 0 may 17 2005 old version no longer maintained 1 1 september 27 2005 old version no longer maintained 2 2 july 2012 old version no longer maintained 2 2 june 6 2013 9 http www loc gov premis rdf v1 ontology 2 2 but xmlns is v1 old version no longer maintained 2 3 august 4 2014 current stable version 3 0 january 18 2016 10 current stable version 3 0 july 2013 http www loc gov premis rdf v3 legend old version older version still maintained latest version latest preview version future release entities edit the premis data model consists of four interrelated entities object divided into three subtypes event agent rights with each semantic unit in the data dictionary categorized in one of these areas 11 an intellectual object entity is a type of object it is a set of content that constitutes a discrete coherent intellectual unit such as a book or a database these may be compound objects containing other intellectual entities and may have multiple digital representations 12 descriptive metadata is usually applied at this level given the proliferation of competing schemes the working group did not define any further descriptive semantic units 13 and allowed for interoperability through extension containers containers hold a related group of semantic units that can be used for external schemes 12 most of the semantic units listed in the data dictionary relate to object and event entities the former being further divided into three subtypes of file bitstream and representation a file is the level at which most end users are used to working a named and ordered sequence of bytes that is known by an operating system it includes a variety of file system attributes rendering it understandable by an operating system encompassing bitstreams which are contiguous or non contiguous data within a file that has meaningful common properties for preservation purposes a representation is in a sense the highest level of this model for it may encompass several files in order to properly render the structure and content of an intellectual entity not all repositories will be concerned with preserving representations 14 depending on their purpose and the curatorial body s need to preserve what might be considered the entity s digital intrinsic value furthermore intellectual entities may have multiple representations within a repository events interrelate with objects insofar as they involve actions that have an effect on them or agents a person organization or software associated with events or with rights attached to an object associated with the object 12 finally the inclusion of rights entities responds to an increased awareness of and concern for the legal requirements of copyright and licensing it also includes information about the specific actions permitted for example semantic unit 4 1 6 1 act the action the preservation repository is allowed to take includes such suggested values as replicate migrate and delete 15 data dictionary edit premis data dictionary entries include twelve attribute fields not all of which are applied to every semantic unit analogous to an element in other metadata schemes in addition to the name and definition of the unit the fields record such things as rationale for including the unit usage notes and examples of how the value might be filled in four of the attributes object category applicability repeatability and obligation are linked as the last three are defined for each of the object entity levels of file bitstream and representation the dictionary is hierarchical some semantic units are contained within others for example 1 3 preservationlevel includes four semantic components such as 1 3 1 preservationlevelvalue and 1 3 2 preservationlevelrole 16 see also edit digital preservation preservation metadata metadata digital library protocol for metadata harvesting oai pmh metadata encoding and transmission standard mets maintained by the library of congress dublin core an iso metadata standard references edit premis data dictionary full document version 3 0 https www loc gov standards premis v3 premis 3 0 final pdf dappert angela guenther rebecca squire peyrard sébastien 2016 digital preservation metadata for practitioners doi 10 1007 978 3 319 43763 7 isbn 978 3 319 43761 3 library of congress premis for digital preservation http www digitalpreservation gov series challenge premis html 2010 caplan p guenther r 2005 practical preservation the premis experience library trends 54 1 111 124 premis preservation metadata maintenance activity us library of congress retrieved october 10 2013 library of congress premis data dictionary https www loc gov standards premis v2 premis 2 0 pdf p 3 premis preservation metadata maintenance activity library of congress https www loc gov standards premis premis editorial committee 2015 premis data dictionary for preservation metadata version 3 0 url accessed november 11 2015 premis owl ontology 2 2 now available library of congress 2013 06 06 archived from the original on 2022 04 01 retrieved 2022 04 01 denenberg ray ed 2016 01 18 premis schema 3 0 loc gov library of congress archived from the original on 2021 04 02 retrieved 2022 04 01 premis editorial committee 2008 premis data dictionary for preservation metadata version 2 0 5 6 url accessed april 28 2008 a b c premis editorial committee 2008 premis data dictionary for preservation metadata version 2 0 6 url accessed april 28 2008 premis editorial committee 2008 premis data dictionary for preservation metadata version 2 0 23 4 url accessed april 28 2008 premis editorial committee 2008 premis data dictionary for preservation metadata version 2 0 7 8 url accessed april 28 2008 premis editorial committee 2008 premis data dictionary for preservation metadata version 2 0 6 181 url accessed april 28 2008 premis editorial committee 2008 premis data dictionary for preservation metadata version 2 0 22 194 url accessed april 28 2008 external links edit premis official page lc premis editorial committee lc v t e cultural heritage and historic preservation topics and issues agents of deterioration archival processing archaeological science archaeology archive bioarchaeology calendar archive conservation and restoration of cultural property conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property conservation and restoration of movable cultural property conservation science cultural property collecting collection museum collection catalog collections maintenance collections management collections management system cultural heritage cultural heritage management cultural property cultural property documentation cultural property exhibition cultural property imaging cultural property storage cultural resources management database preservation deaccessioning museum digital library digital photograph restoration digital preservation disaster preparedness cultural property film preservation finding aid fonds found in collection heritage asset heritage science inherent vice intangible cultural heritage integrated pest management cultural property inventory library and archive inventory museum media preservation mold control and prevention library and archive museum optical media preservation preservation library and archive preservation metadata preservation survey provenance repatriation ruins sustainable preservation treasure web archiving roles and expertise archivist art dealer art handler auctioneer collection manager conservator restorer conservation scientist conservation technician curator exhibition designer mount maker objects conservator paintings conservator photograph conservator preservationist registrar cultural property textile conservator methods and techniques aging artwork anastylosis arrested decay cradling paintings cultural property radiography detachment of wall paintings desmet method display case digital repository audit method based on risk assessment historic paint analysis inpainting kintsugi leafcasting lining of paintings mass deacidification overpainting paleo inspiration paper splitting reconstruction architecture rissverklebung textile stabilization transfer of panel paintings uvc based preservation visualaudio conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property by item type archaeological sites frescos heritage railways historic gardens outdoor artworks outdoor bronze objects outdoor murals conservation and restoration of movable cultural property by item type aircraft ancient greek pottery bone horn and antler objects books manuscripts documents and ephemera ceramic objects clocks copper based objects feathers film flags and banners fur objects glass objects herbaria human remains illuminated manuscripts insect specimens iron and steel objects ivory objects judaica lacquerware leather objects lighthouses metals musical instruments neon objects new media art paintings painting frames panel paintings papyrus parchment performance art photographs photographic plates plastic objects rail vehicles road vehicles shipwreck artifacts silver objects south asian household shrines stained glass taxidermy textiles tibetan thangkas time based media art totem poles vinyl discs woodblock prints wooden artifacts wooden furniture intangible cultural heritage preservation ancient music applied folklore dance notation early music endangered language ethnochoreology ethnomusicology ethnopoetics family folklore folklore folk art folk dance folk etymology folk instrument folk medicine folk music folk process folk play foodways folklore studies heritage language heritage language learning indigenous intellectual property indigenous culture indigenous language language death language preservation language revitalization living history oral history preservation preserva...