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Text of the page (random words):
can be considered as biological storage mediums 1 various electronic storage devices edison cylinder phonograph c 1899 the phonograph cylinder is a storage medium the phonograph may be considered a storage device especially as machines of this vintage were able to record on blank cylinders on a reel to reel tape recorder sony tc 630 the recorder is data storage equipment and the magnetic tape is a data storage medium computer memory and data storage types general memory cell memory coherence cache coherence memory hierarchy memory access pattern memory map secondary storage mos memory floating gate continuous availability areal density computer storage block data storage object storage direct attached storage network attached storage storage area network block level storage single instance storage data structured data unstructured data big data metadata data compression data corruption data cleansing data degradation data integrity data security data validation data validation and reconciliation data recovery storage data cluster directory shared resource file sharing file system clustered file system distributed file system distributed file system for cloud distributed data store distributed database database data bank data storage data store data deduplication data structure data redundancy replication computing memory refresh storage record information repository knowledge base computer file object file file deletion file copying backup core dump hex dump data communication information transfer temporary file copy protection digital rights management volume computing boot sector master boot record volume boot record disk array disk image disk mirroring disk aggregation disk partitioning memory segmentation locality of reference logical disk storage virtualization virtual memory memory mapped file software entropy software rot in memory database in memory processing persistence computer science persistent data structure raid non raid drive architectures memory paging bank switching grid computing cloud computing cloud storage fog computing edge computing dew computing amdahl s law moore s law kryder s law volatile ram hardware cache cpu cache scratchpad memory dram edram sdram sgram lpddr qdrsram edo dram xdr dram rdram sdram ddr gddr hbm sram 1t sram reram qram content addressable memory cam vram dual ported ram video ram dual ported dram historical williams kilburn tube 1946 1947 delay line memory 1947 mellon optical memory 1951 selectron tube 1952 dekatron t ram 2009 z ram 2002 2010 non volatile rom mrom prom eprom eeprom rom cartridge solid state storage sss flash memory is used in solid state drive ssd solid state hybrid drive sshd usb flash drive ibm flashsystem flash core module memory card memory stick compactflash pc card multimediacard sd card sim card smartmedia universal flash storage sxs microp2 xqd card programmable metallization cell nvram memistor memristor pcm 3d xpoint mram electrochemical ram ecram nano ram cbram early stage nvram feram reram fefet memory analog recording phonograph cylinder phonograph record quadruplex videotape vision electronic recording apparatus magnetic recording magnetic storage magnetic tape magnetic tape data storage tape drive tape library digital data storage dds videotape videocassette cassette tape linear tape open betamax 8 mm video format dv minidv micromv u matic vhs s vhs vhs c d vhs hard disk drive optical 3d optical data storage optical disc laserdisc compact disc digital audio cdda cd cd video cd r cd rw video cd super video cd mini cd nintendo optical discs cd rom hyper cd rom dvd dvd r dvd video dvd card dvd ram minidvd hd dvd blu ray ultra hd blu ray holographic versatile disc worm in development cbram racetrack memory nram millipede memory ecram patterned media holographic data storage electronic quantum holography 5d optical data storage dna digital data storage universal memory time crystal quantum memory ultraram historical paper data storage 1725 punched card 1725 punched tape 1725 plugboard delay line memory drum memory 1932 magnetic core memory 1949 plated wire memory 1957 core rope memory 1960s thin film memory 1962 disk pack 1962 twistor memory 1968 bubble memory 1970 floppy disk 1971 v t e data storage is the recording storing of information data in a storage medium handwriting phonographic recording magnetic tape and optical discs are all examples of storage media biological molecules such as rna and dna are considered by some as data storage 1 2 recording may be accomplished with virtually any form of energy electronic data storage requires electrical power to store and retrieve data data storage in a digital machine readable medium is sometimes called digital data computer data storage is one of the core functions of a general purpose computer electronic documents can be stored in much less space than paper documents 3 barcodes and magnetic ink character recognition micr are two ways of recording machine readable data on paper contents 1 recording media 2 global capacity digitization and trends 3 see also 4 references 5 further reading recording media edit a recording medium is a physical material that holds information newly created information is distributed and can be stored in four storage media print film magnetic and optical and seen or heard in four information flows telephone radio and tv and the internet 4 as well as being observed directly digital information is stored on electronic media in many different recording formats with electronic media the data and the recording media are sometimes referred to as software despite the more common use of the word to describe computer software with traditional art static media art materials such as crayons may be considered both equipment and medium as the wax charcoal or chalk material from the equipment becomes part of the surface of the medium some recording media may be temporary either by design or by nature volatile organic compounds may be used to preserve the environment or to purposely make data expire over time data such as smoke signals or skywriting are temporary by nature depending on the volatility a gas e g atmosphere smoke or a liquid surface such as a lake would be considered a temporary recording medium if at all global capacity digitization and trends edit a 2003 uc berkeley report estimated that about five exabytes of new information were produced in 2002 and that 92 of this data was stored on hard disk drives this was about twice the data produced in 2000 5 the amount of data transmitted over telecommunication systems in 2002 was nearly 18 exabytes three and a half times more than was recorded on non volatile storage telephone calls constituted 98 of the telecommunicated information in 2002 the researchers highest estimate for the growth rate of newly stored information uncompressed was more than 30 per year a 2011 science journal article estimated that the year 2002 was the beginning of the digital age for information storage an age in which more information is stored on digital storage devices than on analog storage devices 6 in 1986 approximately 1 of the world s capacity to store information was in digital format this grew to 3 by 1993 to 25 by 2000 and to 97 by 2007 these figures correspond to less than three compressed exabytes in 1986 and 295 compressed exabytes in 2007 6 the quantity of digital storage doubled roughly every three years 7 in a more limited study the international data corporation estimated that the total amount of digital data in 2007 was 281 exabytes and that the total amount of digital data produced exceeded the global storage capacity for the first time 8 see also edit archival science blank media tax computer data storage computer memory content format data retention data transmission digital dark age digital preservation digital revolution disk drive performance characteristics disk storage external storage format war flip flop electronics information age iops library magnetic tape media communication media controls medium format film memristor nanodot nonlinear medium random access plant based digital data storage recording format semiconductor memory software defined storage telecommunication volatile memory visual arts references edit a b gilbert walter feb 1986 the rna world nature 319 6055 618 bibcode 1986natur 319 618g doi 10 1038 319618a0 s2cid 8026658 hubert bert 9 january 2021 dna seen through the eyes of a coder retrieved 12 september 2022 rotenstreich shmuel the difference between electronic and paper documents pdf george washington university retrieved 12 april 2016 lyman peter varian hal r october 23 2003 how much information 2003 uc berkeley school of information management and systems retrieved november 25 2017 maclay kathleen 28 october 2003 amount of new information doubled in last three years uc berkeley study finds university of california berkeley retrieved 2022 09 07 a b hilbert martin lópez priscila 2011 the world s technological capacity to store communicate and compute information science 332 6025 60 65 bibcode 2011sci 332 60h doi 10 1126 science 1200970 pmid 21310967 s2cid 206531385 hilbert martin 15 june 2011 video animation on the world s technological capacity to store communicate and compute information from 1986 to 2010 archived from the original on 2012 01 18 theirer adam 14 march 2008 idc s diverse exploding digital universe report retrieved 2008 03 14 further reading edit bennett john c 1997 jisc npo studies on the preservation of electronic materials a framework of data types and formats and issues affecting the long term preservation of digital material british library research and innovation report 50 history of computer data storage history of storage from cave paintings to electrons the evolution of data storage v t e data augmentation analysis archaeology big cleansing collection compression corruption curation degradation editing etl elt extract transform load farming format management fusion integration integrity library lineage loss management migration mining philanthropy pre processing preservation protection privacy publishing recovery reduction retention quality science scraping scrubbing security stewardship storage validation warehouse wrangling munging v t e computer files types binary file text file file format list of file formats file signatures magic number metafile sidecar file sparse file swap file system file temporary file zero byte file properties filename 8 3 filename long filename filename mangling filename extension list of filename extensions file attribute extended file attributes file size hidden file hidden directory organisation directory folder ntfs links temporary folder directory structure file sequence file system filesystem hierarchy standard path operations open close read write linking file descriptor hard link shortcut alias shadow symbolic link management file comparison data compression file manager comparison of file managers file system permissions file transfer file sharing file verification v t e magnetic storage media wire 1898 tape 1928 drum 1932 ferrite core 1949 hard disk 1956 stripe card 1956 micr 1956 thin film 1962 cram 1962 twistor 1968 floppy disk 1969 bubble 1970 mram 1995 racetrack 2008 v t e optical storage media blu ray 2006 bd r 2006 bd re 2006 bd r xl 2010 bd re xl 2010 professional disc 2003 pdd 2004 dvd 1995 dvd r 1997 dvd rw 1999 dvd rw 2001 dvd r 2002 dvd r dl 2004 dvd r dl 2005 compact disc 1982 cd r 1988 cd i 1991 cd rw 1997 discontinued microform 1870 optical tape 20th century optical disc 20th century laserdisc 1978 worm 1979 gd rom 1997 mil cd 1999 dataplay 2002 udo 2003 prodata 2003 umd 2004 hd dvd 2006 magneto optic kerr effect 1877 mo disc 1980s minidisc 1992 md data 1993 hi md 2004 optical assist laser turntable 1986 floptical 1991 super dlt 1998 v t e paper data storage media antiquity writing on papyrus c 3000 bce paper 105 ce modern index card 1640s punched tape mid 1800s punched card 1880s edge notched card 1904 optical mark recognition 1930s barcode 1948 v t e primary computer data storage technologies volatile memory current dram e g ddr sdram sram future z ram historical delay line memory selectron tube williams tube non volatile memory current rram 3d xpoint earom eeprom eprom flash memory prom rom future feram mram nram pram sonos historical bubble memory drum memory magnetic core memory twistor memory v t e writing and writing material enduring plant based amate trema micrantha ficus aurea bamboo and wooden slips birch bark betula folding book manuscript streblus asper broussonetia papyrifera ola leaf corypha umbraculifera palm leaf borassus paper papyrus cyperus papyrus other materials animal skin parchment vellum ink metals intaglio stamping oracle bone photographic film stone geoglyph petroglyph tablets clay tablet slate wax tablet textile printing silk text impermanent electronic paper screen skywriting carrier objects book codex notebook electronic media hu shaku baton inscription bas relief manuscript palimpsest microform scroll sign related topics writing systems history of writing list of writing systems ktav stam v t e memory cards main articles memory card reader comparison of memory cards sd card and multimediacard family comparison types compactflash cf cfast cfexpress express card jeida multimediacard mmc memory stick ms ms pro ms pro hg ms xc micard microdrive md minicard nt card p2 microp2 pc card pcmcia cardbus cardbay secure digital sdsc sdhc sdxc smartmedia sm sxs universal flash storage ufs xd picture xqd authority control national libraries germany czech republic retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title data_storage oldid 1118327409 categories data storage data management film and video technology mass media technology recording sound production technology hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional 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