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nirvana fallacy wikipedia 771 captures 06 apr 2005 22 sep 2026 nov dec jan 19 2021 2022 2023 success fail about this capture timestamps the wayback machine http web archive org web 20221219035143 https en wikipedia org wiki nirvana_fallacy nirvana fallacy from wikipedia the free encyclopedia jump to navigation jump to search informal fallacy in comparing actualities with ideals the nirvana fallacy is the informal fallacy of comparing actual things with unrealistic idealized alternatives 1 it can also refer to the tendency to assume there is a perfect solution to a particular problem a closely related concept is the perfect solution fallacy by creating a false dichotomy that presents one option which is obviously advantageous while at the same time being completely implausible a person using the nirvana fallacy can attack any opposing idea because it is imperfect under this fallacy the choice is not between real world solutions it is rather a choice between one realistic achievable possibility and another unrealistic solution that could in some way be better contents 1 history 2 perfect solution fallacy 2 1 examples 3 see also 4 references 5 further reading history edit in la bégueule 1772 voltaire wrote le mieux est l ennemi du bien which is often translated as the perfect is the enemy of the good literally the better is the enemy of the good the nirvana fallacy was given its name by economist harold demsetz in 1969 2 3 who said 1 the view that now pervades much public policy economics implicitly presents the relevant choice as between an ideal norm and an existing imperfect institutional arrangement this nirvana approach differs considerably from a comparative institution approach in which the relevant choice is between alternative real institutional arrangements perfect solution fallacy edit the perfect solution fallacy is a related informal fallacy that occurs when an argument assumes that a perfect solution exists or that a solution should be rejected because some part of the problem would still exist after it were implemented 4 this is an example of black and white thinking in which a person fails to see the complex interplay between multiple component elements of a situation or problem and as a result reduces complex problems to a pair of binary extremes it is common for arguments which commit this fallacy to omit any specifics about exactly how or how badly a proposed solution is claimed to fall short of acceptability expressing the rejection only in vague terms alternatively it may be combined with the fallacy of misleading vividness when a specific example of a solution s failure is described in emotionally powerful detail but base rates are ignored see availability heuristic the fallacy is a type of false dilemma examples edit posit fallacious these anti drunk driving ad campaigns are not going to work people are still going to drink and drive no matter what rebuttal complete eradication of drunk driving is not the expected outcome the goal is reduction posit fallacious seat belts are a bad idea people are still going to die in car crashes rebuttal while seat belts cannot make driving 100 safe they do reduce one s likelihood of dying in a car crash posit fallacious medical testing on animals is useless the drug thalidomide passed animal tests but resulted in horrific birth defects when used by pregnant women rebuttal this popular argument ignores all the thousands of drugs that failed animal testing any number of which could have harmed humans in the case of thalidomide no testing was performed on pregnant animals had this not been the case the effect on pregnant women could have been foreseen see also edit appeal to consequences cutting off the nose to spite the face emotional memory optimism bias perfect is the enemy of good pollyanna principle wishful thinking references edit a b demsetz harold 1969 information and efficiency another viewpoint the journal of law economics 12 1 1 22 doi 10 1086 466657 jstor 724977 s2cid 222327886 quoted in kirzner israel m 1978 competition and entrepreneurship p 231 doi 10 1007 978 1 349 15486 9_14 isbn 0 226 43776 0 leeson peter t august 6 2007 anarchy unbound or why self governance works better than you think cato unbound cato institute retrieved july 1 2009 shapiro daniel 2007 is the welfare state justified new york cambridge university press p 4 isbn 978 0 521 86065 9 cox james logical fallacies illinois state university archived from the original on may 16 2017 retrieved may 15 2017 further reading edit browne m neil keeley stuart m 2004 asking the right questions a guide to critical thinking 7th ed upper saddle river nj pearson prentice hall isbn 978 0 13 182993 0 oclc 50813342 v t e fallacies list formal in propositional logic affirming a disjunct affirming the consequent denying the antecedent argument from fallacy masked man mathematical fallacy in quantificational logic existential illicit conversion proof by example quantifier shift syllogistic fallacy affirmative conclusion from a negative premise negative conclusion from affirmative premises exclusive premises existential necessity four terms illicit major illicit minor undistributed middle informal equivocation equivocation false equivalence false attribution quoting out of context loki s wager no true scotsman reification question begging circular reasoning begging the question loaded language leading question compound question loaded question complex question no true scotsman correlative based false dilemma perfect solution denying the correlative suppressed correlative illicit transference composition division ecological secundum quid accident converse accident faulty generalization anecdotal evidence sampling bias cherry picking mcnamara base rate conjunction double counting false analogy slothful induction overwhelming exception ambiguity accent false precision moving the goalposts quoting out of context slippery slope sorites paradox syntactic ambiguity questionable cause animistic furtive correlation implies causation cum hoc post hoc gambler s inverse regression single cause slippery slope texas sharpshooter appeals law legality stone proof by assertion consequences argumentum ad baculum wishful thinking emotion children fear flattery novelty pity ridicule in group favoritism invented here not invented here island mentality loyalty parade of horribles spite stirring symbols wisdom of repugnance genetic gene based ad hominem appeal to motive association reductio ad hitlerum godwin s law reductio ad stalinum bulverism poisoning the well tone tu quoque whataboutism authority accomplishment ipse dixit poverty wealth etymology nature tradition novelty chronological snobbery other fallacies of relevance arguments ad nauseam sealioning argument from anecdote argument from silence argument to moderation argumentum ad populum cliché i m entitled to my opinion ignoratio elenchi invincible ignorance moralistic naturalistic motte and bailey fallacy rationalization red herring two wrongs make a right special pleading straw man category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title nirvana_fallacy oldid 1122610288 categories informal fallacies idealism hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use mdy dates from april 2012 navigation menu personal tools not logged in talk contributions create account log in namespaces article talk english views read edit view history more navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us donate contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file tools what links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information cite this page wikidata item print export download as pdf printable version languages العربية català deutsch español français עברית magyar polski português suomi ไทย українська 中文 edit links this page was last edited on 18 november 2022 at 14 01 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