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organizations still different and for free software or open source software have different definitions pg 64 sweden education sustainable digitalisation through different dimensions of openness how can lock in interoperability and long term maintenance of it systems be addressed proceedings of the 14th international symposium on open collaboration article no 3 acm new york ny usa 2018 university of skövde august 22 24 2018 accessed june 2019 an open standard is a standard which is provided on royalty free terms 12 23 38 49 and such a standard can be implemented in software provided under all 1 open source licenses 2 without restriction whereas closed standards are provided on rand or other terms which are inherently problematic both from a community and legal basis for open source projects 36 44 rand reasonable and non discriminatory terms inherently incompatible with the open source definition 3 2 the open source definition which is maintained by the osi 41 constitutes the foundation for assessing if a proposed license is recognised by osi as an open source license 3 the incompatibility between standards for which organisations have declared standard essential patents and the open source definition has been elaborated by the current president of the osi 36 44 open standards that are included in this list can be implemented and distributed under different licenses for proprietary software and under all osi approved licenses for open source software oss open source software is software made available under a software license which has been approved by the osi see further osi 41 practitioners researchers and representatives for the osi have presented categorisations of oss licenses and central to most if not all categorisations is that there is a clear distinction between permissive oss licenses and those that have a copyleft effect 18 previous research which analysed 200 widely used oss projects shows that the vast majority of the 200 investigated oss projects are provided under a clear minority of all open source licenses recognised by the osi the open definition is inspired by the establishment of the open source definition that has been established by the osi as a foundation for determining if a license shall be approved and thereby recognised as an open source license if a reference implementation is developed by an oss project that provides software under a software license that is recognised by osi as an open source license it follows that the implementation of the technical specification of the standard constitutes an oss reference implementation previous research shows that technical specifications of closed standards which are provided under rand terms are inherently incompatible with the open source definition and cannot be provided as oss projects see 29 for details united kingdom education open source software licensing a short faq jisc 2006 accessed june 2019 however a key definitional source is the open source definition document maintained by the open source initiative osi a non profit corporation software licences which meet the terms of the osi open source definition can be certified by osi and display the osi certified open source software certification mark a list of currently certified licences available for adoption is held at if you wish to create your own open source licence which meets the requirements of the osi open source definition you can apply to have the licence certified by osi at it should be noted that it is perfectly possible to create a licence which permits end users to be able to freely use modify and redistribute software source code but which also places restrictions on the use of the code that are contrary to the open source definition however such a licence cannot be identified as osi certified or use the osi text or graphical certification marks use of those marks for software not distributed under an osi approved licence will be an infringement of osi s rights in those certification marks it is also likely that other software developers will not recognise a non osi conformant licence as being truly open source the open source definition version 1 9 as such from the perspective of osi it is considered desirable wherever possible to use an appropriate existing licence rather than to develop a new one it will not be regarded by many developers as truly open source unless it is certified by the osi key websites open source initiative osi government enhancing consumer confidence by clarifying consumer law department for business innovation and skills 2012 accessed june 2019 to qualify as open source under the open source initiative osi the licence must meet the conditions of the open source definition there are 10 criteria including to qualify as open source under the open source initiative osi the license must meet the conditions of the open source definition http www opensource org osd html free libre open source software scottish policy statement a report by the open source software working group the scottish executive 2007 accessed june 2019 the open source initiative s license proliferation committee was set up in 2005 in response to the growing concern that license proliferation was harmful to the success of open source and with the aim of reducing the number of open source licenses more information about the open source initiative is available at www opensource org the open source initiative license proliferation committee s draft report is available at www crynwr com cgi bin ezmlm cgi 3 mss 11636 200607 nknhhdligldemhkfb next steps copyright of software documentation design materials manuals user interface and source code should be released under an osi approved open source licence unless there is a compelling argument why this should not be the case and an alternative licensing model proposed definitions open source software oss open source initiative www opensource org all about open source an introduction to open source software for government it version 2 0 home office april 2012 accessed june 2019 the open source initiative osi maintains the open source definition osd and is recognised globally as the authority on certifying whether a license is truly open source there is no reason why any public body would deviate from the osd and the osi certifications of true open source licenses 19q how do businesses make money from open source text courtesy of the open source initiative site open source initiative http www opensource org the open source initiative osi is a non profit corporation with global scope formed to educate about and advocate for the benefits of open source and to build bridges among different constituencies in the open source community united states of america education being open our policy on source code genome biology arived at u s national libray of health medicine national insitutes of health aug 12 2016 accessed sept 16 2018 this is why genome biology requires that the source code published as a part of an article is released under a license complying with an open source definition as defined by the open source initiative https opensource org how do i choose a license you can also browse for an appropriate license on the open source initiative website https opensource org public access to peer reviewed scholarly publications resulting from federally funded research request for information fr docket no 2011 32943 american college of rheumatology january 12 2012 accessed sept 16 2018 all software developed by orcid will be publicly released under an open source software license approved by the open source initiative open source software policy university libraries university of northern texas january 12 2017 accessed june 10 2020 open source software is software that can be freely used changed and shared in modified or unmodified form by anyone http opensource org and is distributed under a license approved by the open source initiative e g one of the licenses found here the unt libraries encourages librarians and staff members to contribute to projects for the open source software that they use suitable projects should have a clearly documented license approved by the open source initiative software created in house may be released under an open source license approved by the open source initiative when possible foundations mozilla foundation about us source code mozilla foundation accessed june 17 2019 all mozilla software is open source https opensource org docs osd and free software this means that it is not only available for download free of charge but you have access to the source code and may modify and redistribute our software subject to certain restrictions governance mozilla foundation accessed june 17 2019 mozilla is an open source https opensource org project government federal government additional iuse improving undergraduate stem education program information institutional eligibility national science foundation accessed sept 16 2018 grantee may release all new source code developed with iuse funds under an open license acceptable to the free software foundation and or the open source initiative cancer genomics cloud pilots baa frequently asked questions faqs national cancer institute national institutes for health feb 27 2014 accessed sept 16 2018 68 with regard to the application of far 52 227 14 i see from the faq page that alternates ii and iii will not be considered as they are inapplicable to this procurement if an award is granted to a college or university will alternate iv be applicable software first developed by a contractor is subject to far 52 227 17 and must be delivered under an open source initiative approved non viral open source license see http opensource org licenses 108 can the source code written with funding from the award be released publicly under the same license that is granted to the u s government e g apache 2 to clarify the software must be released under an open source initiative approved non viral open source license see http opensource org licenses comment template for nistir 8074 volume 1 report on strategic u s government engagement in international standardization to achieve u s objectives for cybersecurity draft national institute of standards and technology august 10 2015 accessed sept 16 2018 as this is a well known issue the open source initiative osi has developed an open standards requirement which is available here http opensource org osr intro development and acquisition escrowed documentation federal financial institutions examination council s ffiec accessed sept 16 2018 for additional information organizations that use or are considering using open source software should consult with their legal staff and review open source definitions licensing standards certification criteria and related information distributed by various organizations for example the open source initiative at www opensource org note reference to this organization is for illustrative purposes only and is not an endorsement of the organization dod open source software oss faq frequently asked questions regarding open source software oss and the department of defense dod u s department of defence office of the chief information officer accessed sept 16 2018 defining open source software oss q what is open source software oss a open source software licenses are reviewed and approved as conforming to the open source definition by the open source initiative osi the osi publishes a list of licenses which have successfully gone through the approval process and comply with the open source definition defining open source software oss q what license should the government or contractor choose select when releasing open source software a make sure it s really oss choose a license that has passed legal reviews and is clearly accepted as an oss license choose a license that is recognized as an open source software license by the open source initiative osi a free software license by the free software foundation fsf and is acceptable to widely used linux distributions such as being a good license for fedora defining open source software oss q what license should the government or contractor choose select when releasing open source software a use a widely used existing license as an aid the open source initiative osi maintains a list of licenses that are popular and widely used or with strong communities doe code faq u s department of energy office of scientific and technical information accessed sept 16 2018 what are the project types found in doe code open source publicly available repository software can be freely accessed used changed and shared in modified or unmodified form by anyone in a public repository open source software is made by many people and distributed under licenses that comply with the open source definition see the open source initiative for more information and definitions are there restrictions on the use of the material in doe code there may be restrictions on use of the material based on the associated license s currently doe code supports the following list of open source licenses apache license 2 0 https opensource org licenses apache 2 0 mit license https opensource org licenses mit bsd 2 clause simplified license https opensource org licenses bsd 2 clause bsd 3 clause new or revised license https opensource org licenses bsd 3 clause eclipse public license 1 0 https opensource org licenses epl 1 0 mozilla public license 2 0 https opensource org licenses mpl 2 0 more information regarding these licenses can also be found at the open source initiative licenses by name federal open licensing playbook 3 u s department of state accessed sept 16 2018 software open source licenses for software include particular criteria such as technology neutrality and inclusion of source code the open source initiative maintains a list of the most commonly used open licenses for software https opensource org licenses federal register vol 80 no 233 department of health and human services centers for medicare medicaid services medicaid program mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems 90 10 november 16 2015 accessed sept 16 2018 open source means software that can be used freely changed and shared in modified or unmodified form by anyone open source software is distributed under open source initiative approved licenses that comply with an open source framework that allows for free redistribution provision of the source code allowance for modifications and derived works free and open distribution of licenses without restrictions and licenses that are technology neutral interim open source software oss policy chief information officer environmental protection agency jan 11 2018 accessed sept 16 2018 definition open source software oss software that can be accessed used modified and shared by anyone oss is often distributed under licenses that comply with the definition of open source provided by the open ...