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he open source initiative https opensource org osd and or that meet the definition of free software provided by the free software foundation https www gnu org philosophy free sw html m 16 21 memorandum for the heads of departments and agencies appendix a definitions tony scott united states chief information officer accessed sept 16 2018 open source software oss software that can be accessed used modified and shared by anyone oss is often distributed under licenses that comply with the definition of open source provided by the open source initiative https opensource org osd and or that meet the definition of free software provided by the free software foundation https www gnu org philosophy free sw html memorandum departmental source code management daniel morgan acting chief technology officer office of the chief information officer u s department of transportation office of the secretary of transportation implementation requirements the us department of transportation will append appropriate open source software oss licenses that comply with the definition of open source provided by the open source initiative and or that meet the definition of free software provided by the free software foundation to the source code when releasing custom developed code as oss nasa open source development national aeronautics and space administration nasa feb 15 2017 accessed sept 16 2018 nasa has used open source to address project and mission needs to accelerate software development and to maximize public awareness and impact of our research the nasa open source agreement nosa is an open source initiative osi approved license to allow public release of nasa funded software since 2003 we have released more than 60 software projects under the nosa useful links open source initiative http www opensource org open source hardware is a low cost alternative for scientific instrumentation and research agricultural research service united states department of agriculture pacific northwest research station united states forest service jan 29 2012 accessed sept 16 2018 the rapid rise of the internet and accessibility of computer resources led to the concept of open source software as a means to provide free and transparent access to computer code so that individuals could review modify improve and distribute computer software open source initiative http www opensource org open source initiative osi nasa open source agreement v1 3 licensing national aeronautics and space administration nasa accessed sept 16 2018 this open source agreement agreement defines the rights of use reproduction distribution modification and redistribution of certain computer software originally released by the united states government as represented by the government agency listed below government agency the united states government as represented by government agency is an intended third party beneficiary of all subsequent distributions or redistributions of the subject software anyone who uses reproduces distributes modifies or redistributes the subject software as defined herein or any part thereof is by that action accepting in full the responsibilities and obligations contained in this agreement open source software and copyright legal and business considerations for government use summaries government open source software distribution committee on scientific and technical information cosati of the federal council on science and technology hope o keeffe associate general counsel library of congress accessed sept 16 2018 custom licenses are strongly disfavored and should be used only in extraordinary circumstances an agency ought to adopt a license approved by the open source initiative osi at opensource org open source software and copyright legal and business considerations for government use summaries using oss software for government purposes forge mil committee on scientific and technical information cosati of the federal council on science and technology tom morton chief engineer forge mil defense information systems agency software distribution policy directs use of open source initiative approved licenses whenever possible open source strategy what is open source u s department of energy accessed sept 16 2018 open source means that the software code is publicly available so that anyone can contribute to the code base and create add on extensions more information about open source principles can be found at the open source initiative project open data licensing policies principles and resources cio council accessed sept 16 2018 the policy also requires that the grantees release all software code created with the funds under a license that allows others to use and build upon them and that all grantees must release all new source code developed or created with the grant funds under an open license acceptable to either the free software foundation and or the open source initiative report to congressional requesters tsa modernization use of sound program management and oversight practices is needed to avoid repeating past problems united states government accountability office october 2017 accessed sept 16 2018 tsa officials decided to move away from implementing a commercial offthe shelf product for the program and instead planned to develop an open source system 4 4 open source software is software that can be accessed used modified and shared by anyone this type of software is often distributed under licenses that comply with the definition of open source provided by the open source initiative https opensource org osd and or that meet the definition of free software provided by the free software foundation https www gnu org philosophy free sw html risk management of free and open source software federal deposit insurance corporation oct 21 2004 foss acquisition and use can be governed by any of more than fifty different licenses that have significant differences in the rights and restrictions contained in the license in general foss licenses permit copying distribution and modification of the software but do not contain any warranty or indemnification a list of some of the most common foss licenses can be found at the open source initiative s web site www opensource org the use of the word free in this context does not necessarily mean that the software is available at no cost for additional information about foss refer to www fsf org and the open source initiative s website www opensource org standards based interoperability standards view open standards vs open source geospatial interoperability reference architecture accessed sept 16 2018 the open source initiative 2 has developed a set of 10 requirements of any software license that is to be considered an open source license open source does not just mean access to the source code the distribution terms of open source software must comply with the following criteria from the open source definition http opensource org osd a complete copy of the open source definition from the osi is included startup in a day competition dream big model u s small business association jul 13 2015 accessed sept 16 2018 an open source solution is software that can be freely used changed and shared in modified or unmodified form by anyone 1 and complies with generally accepted criteria for distribution outlined by the open source initiative for this criteria see http opensource org docs osd fields of endeavor 1 open source initiative welcome to the open source initiative palo alto ca open source initiative accessed june 2 2015 http opensource org the power of digital inclusion technology s impact on employment and opportunities for people with disabilities jonathan young ph d j d chairman national council on disability oct 4 2011 accessed sept 16 2018 for example the open source initiative the open source community recognized body that advocates and governs open source development activity has estimated the number of linux users to be anywhere between 4 million and 27 million open source initiative 2007 since the software is by definition open to modify use or sell the cost at which a company or individual acquires an open source program will typically be minimal or even free open source initiative 2007 transmittal memo nara 809 open source code policy national archives and records administration nov 7 2016 accessed sept 16 2018 809 1 policy nara d appends appropriate open source software oss licenses that comply with the definition of open source provided by the open source initiative to the source code when releasing custom developed code as oss use of federal tax information fti in open source software internal revenue service jul 23 2018 accessed sept 16 2018 resources additional information can be found in the following documents open source initiative http opensource org sponsors osi corporate sponsors and support webwatch open source software primer for medical librarians greg bodin technology coordinator southeastern atlantic region of the national network of libraries of medicine september october 2001 accessed sept 16 2018 open source software is defined as software certified by the open source initiative http www opensource org to have open source code the open source initiative web page has links to many open source software applications and a query of any major search engine will find more zapping rachel rules federal trade commision august 7 2014 accessed sept 16 2018 contestants agree that such submissions shall be made and remain available to all for use on an open source basis as defined by the open source initiative see opensource org california ab 668 voting modernization bond act of 2018 california state legislature september 2 2017 accessed sept 16 2018 k open source software or firmware means software or firmware licensed using a software license approved by the open source initiative better faster cheaper using free open source software in a community warning system contra costa county s community warning system cws via the federal emergency management agency fema accessed sept 16 2018 open source is a development method for software that harnesses the power of distributed peer review and transparency of process the promise of open source is better quality higher reliability more flexibility lower cost and an end to predatory vendor lock in the open source initiative it policy open source software policy itpl 10 01 office of the state cio january 7 2010 definition the definition of oss has been added to section 4819 2 of the sam oss is defined as software that includes distribution terms that comply with the following criteria provided by the open source initiative a complete copy of the open source definition from the osi is included sam 5300 definitions california department of technology accessed january 15 2018 open source software software that includes distribution terms that comply with the following criteria provided by the open source initiative sam revision summary 435 california department of technology september 2016 accessed sept 16 2018 definitions open source software software that includes distribution terms that comply withthe following criteria provided by the open source initiative the open source definition used here is from the open source initiative and is licensed under a creative commons attribution 2 5 license http creativecommons org licenses by 2 5 state administrative manual sam section 4819 2 california department of general services information technology california department of technology september 2016 definitions open source software software that includes distribution terms that comply with the following criteria provided by the open source initiative a complete copy of the open source definition from the osi is included statement of work sow guidelines statewide information management manual section 180 statewide technology procurement division department of technology state of california august 2016 open source as defined in sam section 4819 2 software that includes distribution terms that comply with the following criteria provided by the strong the open source definition used here is from the open source initiative and is licensed under a creative commons attribution 2 5 license http creativecommons org licenses by 2 5 florida open source geospatial foundation created to strengthen collaborative development of open geospatial technologies gary l watry gis coordinator center for ocean atmospheric prediction studies florida state university mar 06 2006 the foundation will not require that osgeo software projects to be licensed under any one particular open source license but will require that all osgeo software be released under an open source license approved by the open source initiative osi http www opensource org hawaii status report open source software in state government operations information and communications services division department of accounting and general services state of hawaii january 2005 even microsoft a company considered at odds with the open source movement has released three projects using the common public license cpl developed by ibm and approved by the open source initiative osi defining key terms open source the most basic description of open source software is human readable computer instruction code that can be freely distributed by one person or institution to another person of institution this however would be an incomplete description of open source software the full industry wide accepted open source definition from the open source initiative osi is found in appendix ii at the time of this writing september 2004 there are 54 open source licenses certified by the osi although these licenses do have variation between them in specific areas all of the licenses adhere to the 10 criteria described by the osi open source definition a summary of these criteria specified by the osi are provided below using excerpts from or paraphrasing of the osi definitions whereas with the growth of the internet there has been a rapid expansion in the sharing of information technology to the point where the philosophy of open source software is being promoted by the nonprofit open source initiative and whereas the open source initiative has been embraced by those in the industry who want to provide a means for rapid development of better software and community access to these constantly evolving mainstream software products and whereas the open source initiative has developed and adopted criteria to certify open source software products protect the credibility of the open source philosophy as well as ensure that no harm is brought to end users of open source software products now therefore appendix ii the open source definition http opensource org docs definition php the open source definition version 1 9 the indented italicized sections below appear as annotations to the open source definition osd and are not a part of the osd a complete copy of ...