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javascript quirks in one image from the internet dev community 34 captures 02 jun 2019 10 aug 2026 sep oct nov 03 2021 2022 2023 success fail about this capture timestamps the wayback machine http web archive org web 20221003200216 https dev to mkrl javascript quirks in one image from the internet 52m7 skip to content navigation menu search search log in create account dev community close dev community is a community of 919 000 amazing developers we re a place where coders share stay up to date and grow their careers create account log in home listings podcasts videos tags faq forem shop sponsors about contact guides image svg xml software comparisons other code of conduct privacy policy terms of use twitter facebook github instagram twitch like 7 jump to comments save more copy link copy link copied to clipboard share to twitter share to linkedin share to reddit share to hacker news share to facebook share post via report abuse mikhail korolev posted on mar 1 2019 javascript quirks in one image from the internet javascript recently i stumbled upon this picture on google images the man on the picture is brendan eich by the way the creator of javascript and a co founder of the mozilla project even with some of the examples are not really related to the language itself i still find it interesting enough to give it a short breakdown considering it doesn t make much sense for some people with the classic strict language only programming background the breakdown starting with the boring parts floating point arithmetic 9999999999999999 10000000000000000 0 5 0 1 0 6 true 0 1 0 2 0 3 false enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode nothing really surprising here it s an old concept that has been around for quite a while and it is of course not related to javascript features instead of trying to explain it here i ll just leave a link the to this great explainlikeimfive website dedicated exclusively to explaining floating point math not a number is a number typeof nan number enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode what is nan after all it is in fact a representation of a specific value that can t be presented within the limitations of the numeric type the only js numeric primitive is in fact float nan was introduced in the ieee 754 floating point standard so it s just a number that a computer can t calculate in this particular environment type conversion javascript is a dynamic type language which leads to the most hated why it this like that debugging sessions for those who is not familiar with the silent implicit type coercion the simple part strict equality with true 1 false enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode strict equality compares two values neither value is implicitly converted to some other value before being compared if the values have different types the values are considered unequal boolean variable is not equal to 1 which is a number on the other hand there is this true 1 true enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode this is an example of implicit type coercion implicit type coercion is being triggered when you apply operators to values of different types 2 2 true false 35 5 new regexp de v to or put a value into a certain context which expects it to be of a certain type like if value coerced to boolean javascript type conversion is not the most trivial part so i would suggest further reading like this great article by alexey samoshkin and this little mdn doc on equality comparisons there is also this equality comparison cheatsheet that may come in handy anyway let s get back to our picture enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode there are 2 types of variables in js objects and primitives with primitives being number string boolean undefined null and symbol everything else is an object including functions and arrays when an expression with operators that call implicit conversion is being executed the entire expression is being converted to one of three primitive types string number boolean primitive conversions follow certain rules that are pretty straightforward as for the objects in case of boolean any non primitive value is always coerced to true for string and number the following internal operation toprimitive input preferredtype is being run where optional preferredtype is either number or string this executes the following algorithm if input is already a primitive return it as it is otherwise input is treated like an object call input valueof return if the result is a primitive otherwise call input tostring if the result is a primitive return it otherwise throw a typeerror swap 2 and 3 if preferredtype is string take a look at this pseudo implementation of the above in actual javascript plus the boolean conversion the original is a courtesy of alexey samoshkin via the article mentioned previously function toprimitive input preferredtype switch preferredtype case boolean return true break case number return tonumber input break case string return tostring input break default return tonumber input function isprimitive value return value object value function tostring if isprimitive input tostring return input tostring if isprimitive input valueof return input valueof throw new typeerror function tonumber if isprimitive input valueof return input valueof if isprimitive input tostring return input tostring throw new typeerror enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode so at the end of the day the original is being interpreted as toprimitive toprimitive enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode both arrays return an empty string as a result of tostring the final result is a concatenation of two empty strings now onto the object object enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode because of the string resulting in a object object the result is a simple concatenation of and object object simple enough now what the hell is going on here then 0 enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode turns out javascript interprets the first as a code block when the input is being parsed from start to end it treats as the beginning of the block following by closing immediately hence using our pseudo implementation the previous example will be evaluated into the following toprimitive enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode which is 0 the is an unary prefix operator that converts the operand into a number loose equality and binary operators always trigger default preferredtype which assumes numeric conversion except date that returns string that explains true true true 3 and true 1 thus as expected true 1 returns false because there are no operators on the left side of the expression and does not trigger implicit type coercion same with 0 which is roughly equivalent to number 0 everything brings up interesting examples like the one we have here length 9 enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode breaking it down 0 false true false true false truefalse truefalse length 9 very simple and last and the least to be honest math max math min math max infinity math min infinity enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode this may be considered as a minor language flaw in terms of returning a kind of an unexpected result from a function that wants certain arguments but there actually is a little bit of some actual math behind that let s make a guess on how probably math max works and write down another imaginary transcript into actual javascript math max function let temp infinity for let i 0 i arguments length i let num number arguments i if num temp temp num return number temp enter fullscreen mode exit fullscreen mode now it kind of makes sense to return infinity when no arguments are passed infinity is an identity element of math max identity element for a binary operation is an element that leaves any other element unchanged after applying said operation to both elements so 0 is the identity of addition 1 is the identity of multiplication x 0 and x 1 is always x out of infinity and x x will always be the maximum number there is an absolutely gorgeous article by charlie harvey that deeply dives into this topic summing up implicit type coercion is a very important concept you should always keep in mind avoid loose equality think about what are you comparing use explicit conversion whenever possible consider switching to typescript if the above scares you and if you want to see more wtf javascript there is a great resource called literally wtfjs that is also available as a handbook via npm top comments 7 crown sort discussion selected sort option top most upvoted and relevant comments will be first latest most recent comments will be first oldest the oldest comments will be first subscribe personal trusted user create template templates let you quickly answer faqs or store snippets for re use submit preview dismiss collapse expand thomas leathers thomas leathers thomas leathers follow hi i m thomas chief developer of the sbtcvm project and all around artist and programmer i do have more of an understanding of balanced ternary than most i would say joined aug 16 2017 mar 1 19 dropdown menu copy link hide being a python dev who writes desktop applications games i m still mystified by js its interesting though to actually see why it does what it does this is the first time ive seen javascript s flaws discussed in a way that actually makes sense even if those flaws still make my python centric developer brain hurt like comment like comment 4 likes like comment button reply collapse expand jackson elfers jackson elfers jackson elfers follow joined jan 22 2019 mar 2 19 dropdown menu copy link hide it s ironic how javascript continues to dominate only because we can t get rid of it in the browser in a lot ways i wish the world ran on python instead like comment like comment 2 likes like comment button reply collapse expand thomas leathers thomas leathers thomas leathers follow hi i m thomas chief developer of the sbtcvm project and all around artist and programmer i do have more of an understanding of balanced ternary than most i would say joined aug 16 2017 mar 2 19 dropdown menu copy link hide because of my experience working on sbtcvm a base 3 virtual machine inspired by 50s russian computers specifically its 2 custom languages i know language design isn t necessarily easy whether its a scripting language or a compiled one its not something that goes well if you rush nor is it easy in any sense as far as scripting languages they often depend heavily on what environment they are built for even if such dependence isn t always obvious on another note compiled languages come with their own set of challenges challenges i m sure some braver web developers might dive into once web assembly becomes more common then again writing programs for a 6 5khz ternary cpu emulated in python is a tad different than scripting hypertext p like comment like comment 3 likes like thread thread jackson elfers jackson elfers jackson elfers follow joined jan 22 2019 mar 2 19 edited on mar 2 dropdown menu copy link hide sounds absolutely wild i d love to hear more about it i m looking forward to web assembly i could see it potentially opening the flood gates for new web technologies best of luck with your ternary emulations edit looks like you ve written quite a bit on the subject small typo in your bio like comment like comment 2 likes like comment button reply collapse expand carlos garcia carlos garcia carlos garcia follow front end developer for the past three years web developer html css for almost 10 years dabbles in game dev design when life permits location mexico joined jan 29 2017 mar 3 19 dropdown menu copy link hide loved your article mikhail while i understood most examples and even knew how they work on the surface your deep explanation and linked articles made me learn something new thank you like comment like comment 3 likes like comment button reply collapse expand ehsan lotfi ehsan lotfi ehsan lotfi follow joined mar 2 2019 mar 2 19 dropdown menu copy link hide pashmam like comment like comment 2 likes like comment button reply collapse expand dmitry yakimenko dmitry yakimenko dmitry yakimenko follow grew up in russia lived in the states moved to germany sometimes live in spain i program since i was 13 i used to program games maps and now i reverse engineer password managers and other stuff location berlin and málaga education ms in cs from state polytechnic university of st petersburg work principal software engineer at here joined jan 19 2019 mar 2 19 dropdown menu copy link hide destroyallsoftware com talks wat like comment like comment 1 like like comment button reply code of conduct report abuse are you sure you want to hide this comment it will become hidden in your post but will still be visible via the comment s permalink hide child comments as well confirm for further actions you may consider blocking this person and or reporting abuse browsing with dark mode makes you a better developer it s a scientific fact read next wrapping arrays in reactjs murat can yüksel sep 1 matchsticks robert mion sep 20 react js tailwindcss 01 instalación josué oroya sep 1 hacks para un desarrollo fullstack efectivo con react y node khriztian moreno sep 1 mikhail korolev follow undefined location warsaw poland work software engineer toptal core joined jan 25 2019 trending on dev community hot if you could start a company what would it be discuss career entrepreneur how do you focus webdev productivity discuss beginners do devops suffer less ageism compared to software developers anonymous discuss career once suspended mkrl will not be able to comment or publish posts until their suspension is removed note submit suspend once unsuspended mkrl will be able to comment and publish posts again note submit unsuspend once unpublished all posts by mkrl will become hidden and only accessible to themselves if mkrl is not suspended they can still re publish their posts from their dashboard unpublish all posts once unpublished this 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