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Text of the page (random words):
american nonprofit cooperative organization that provides shared technology services original research and community programs for its membership and the library community at large 5 it was founded in 1967 as the ohio college library center then became the online computer library center as it expanded in 2017 the name was formally changed to oclc inc 6 oclc and thousands of its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain worldcat the largest online public access catalog opac in the world 7 oclc is funded mainly by the fees that libraries pay around 217 8 million annually in total as of 2021 update for the many different services it offers 3 oclc also maintains the dewey decimal classification system contents 1 history 1 1 presidents 2 services 3 software 4 research 5 advocacy 6 online database worldcat 7 identifiers and linked data 8 company acquisitions 9 criticism 10 see also 11 references 12 further reading 13 external links history edit oclc began in 1967 as the ohio college library center through a collaboration of university presidents vice presidents and library directors who wanted to create a cooperative computerized network for libraries in the state of ohio the group first met on july 5 1967 on the campus of ohio state university to sign the articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization 8 and hired frederick g kilgour a former yale university medical school librarian to design the shared cataloging system 9 kilgour wished to merge the latest information storage and retrieval system of the time the computer with the oldest the library the plan was to merge the catalogs of ohio libraries electronically through a computer network and database to streamline operations control costs and increase efficiency in library management bringing libraries together to cooperatively keep track of the world s information in order to best serve researchers and scholars the first library to do online cataloging through oclc was the alden library at ohio university on august 26 1971 this was the first online cataloging by any library worldwide 8 membership in oclc is based on use of services and contribution of data between 1967 and 1977 oclc membership was limited to institutions in ohio but in 1978 a new governance structure was established that allowed institutions from other states to join in 2002 the governance structure was again modified to accommodate participation from outside the united states 10 as oclc expanded services in the united states outside ohio it relied on establishing strategic partnerships with networks organizations that provided training support and marketing services by 2008 there were 15 independent united states regional service providers oclc networks played a key role in oclc governance with networks electing delegates to serve on the oclc members council during 2008 oclc commissioned two studies to look at distribution channels at the same time the council approved governance changes that had been recommended by the board of trustees severing the tie between the networks and governance in early 2009 oclc negotiated new contracts with the former networks and opened a centralized support center 11 presidents edit the following people served successively as president of oclc 12 1967 1980 frederick g kilgour 1980 1989 rowland c w brown 1989 1998 k wayne smith 1998 2013 jay jordan 2013 present skip prichard services edit oclc provides bibliographic abstract and full text information to anyone oclc and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain worldcat the oclc online union catalog the largest online public access catalog opac in the world 7 worldcat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide the online computer library center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the dewey decimal classification system when it bought forest press in 1988 a browser 13 for books with their dewey decimal classifications was available until july 2013 it was replaced by the classify service until august 2009 when it was sold to backstage library works oclc owned a preservation microfilm and digitization operation called the oclc preservation service center 14 with its principal office in bethlehem pennsylvania starting in 1971 oclc produced catalog cards for members alongside its shared online catalog the company printed its last catalog cards on october 1 2015 15 questionpoint 16 an around the clock reference service provided to users by a cooperative of participating global libraries was acquired by springshare from oclc in 2019 and migrated to springshare s libanswers platform 17 18 software edit oclc commercially sells software such as contentdm for managing digital collections 19 20 21 wise an integrated library system and community engagement system 22 23 worldcat discovery a bibliographic discovery system that allows library patrons to use a single search interface to access an institution s catalog ebooks database subscriptions and more 24 25 worldshare management services an electronic resource management system 26 25 research edit oclc has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years in accordance with its mission oclc makes its research outcomes known through various publications 27 these publications including journal articles reports newsletters and presentations are available through the organization s website oclc publications research articles from various journals including the code4lib journal oclc research reference and user services quarterly college research libraries news art libraries journal and national education association newsletter the most recent publications are displayed first and all archived resources starting in 1970 are also available 28 membership reports a number of significant reports on topics ranging from virtual reference in libraries to perceptions about library funding 29 newsletters current and archived newsletters for the library and archive community 30 presentations presentations from both guest speakers and oclc research from conferences webcasts and other events the presentations are organized into five categories conference presentations dewey presentations distinguished seminar series guest presentations and research staff presentations 31 during the covid 19 pandemic oclc participated in the reopening archives libraries and museums realm project funded by the imls to study the surface transmission risks of sars cov 2 on common library and museum materials and surfaces 32 and published a series of reports 33 advocacy edit advocacy has been a part of oclc s mission since its founding in 1967 oclc staff members meet and work regularly with library leaders information professionals researchers entrepreneurs political leaders trustees students and patrons to advocate advancing research scholarship education community development information access and global cooperation 34 35 webjunction which provides training services to librarians 36 is a division of oclc funded by grants from the bill melinda gates foundation beginning in 2003 37 38 oclc partnered with search engine providers in 2003 to advocate for libraries and share information across the internet landscape google yahoo and ask com all collaborated with oclc to make worldcat records searchable through those search engines 34 oclc s advocacy campaign geek the library started in 2009 highlights the role of public libraries the campaign funded by a grant from the bill melinda gates foundation uses a strategy based on the findings of the 2008 oclc report from awareness to funding a study of library support in america 39 other past advocacy campaigns have focused on sharing the knowledge gained from library and information research such projects have included communities such as the society of american archivists the open archives initiative the institute for museum and library services the international organization for standardization the national information standards organization the world wide web consortium the internet engineering task force and internet2 one of the most successful contributions to this effort was the dublin core metadata initiative an open forum of libraries archives museums technology organizations and software companies who work together to develop interoperable online metadata standards that support a broad range of purposes and business models 34 oclc has collaborated with the wikimedia foundation and the wikimedia volunteer community through integrating library metadata with wikimedia projects hosting a wikipedian in residence and doing a national training program through webjunction called wikipedia libraries better together 40 41 42 online database worldcat edit main article worldcat oclc s worldcat database is used by the general public and by librarians for cataloging and research worldcat is available to the public for searching via a subscription web based service called firstsearch to which many libraries subscribe 43 as well as through the publicly available worldcat org 44 identifiers and linked data edit oclc assigns a unique control number referred to as an ocn for oclc control number to each new bibliographic record in the worldcat numbers are assigned serially and as of mid 2013 over a billion ocns had been created in september 2013 the oclc declared these numbers to be in the public domain removing a perceived barrier to widespread use of ocns outside oclc itself 45 the control numbers link worldcat s records to local library system records by providing a common reference key for a record across libraries 46 ocns are particularly useful as identifiers for books and other bibliographic materials that do not have isbns e g books published before 1970 ocns are often used as identifiers for wikipedia and wikidata in october 2013 it was reported that out of 29 673 instances of book infoboxes in wikipedia there were 23 304 isbns and 15 226 ocns and regarding wikidata of around 14 million wikidata items 28 741 were books 5403 wikidata items have an isbn associated with them and 12 262 have ocns 47 oclc also runs the virtual international authority file viaf an international name authority file with oversight from the viaf council composed of representatives of institutions that contribute data to viaf 48 viaf numbers are broadly used as standard identifiers including in wikipedia 40 49 company acquisitions edit oclc offices in leiden the netherlands oclc acquired netlibrary a provider of electronic books and textbooks in 2002 and sold it in 2010 to ebsco industries 50 oclc owns 100 of the shares of oclc pica a library automation systems and services company which has its headquarters in leiden in the netherlands and which was renamed oclc at the end of 2007 51 in july 2006 the research libraries group rlg merged with oclc 52 53 on january 11 2008 oclc announced 54 that it had purchased ezproxy it has also acquired oaister the process started in january 2009 and from october 31 2009 oaister records are freely available via worldcat org in 2013 oclc acquired the dutch library automation company hka 55 56 and its integrated library system wise 23 which oclc calls a community engagement system that combines the power of customer relationship management marketing and analytics with ils functions 22 oclc began offering wise to libraries in the united states in 2019 23 in january 2015 oclc acquired sustainable collection services scs scs offered consulting services based on analyzing library print collection data to help libraries manage and share materials 57 in 2017 oclc acquired relais international a library interlibrary loan service provider based in ottawa canada 58 a more complete list of mergers and acquisitions is available on the oclc website 59 criticism edit in may 2008 oclc was criticized by jeffrey beall for monopolistic practices among other faults 60 library blogger rick mason responded that although he thought beall had some valid criticisms of oclc he demurred from some of beall s statements and warned readers to beware the hyperbole and the personal nature of his criticism for they strongly overshadow that which is worth stating 61 in november 2008 the board of directors of oclc unilaterally issued a new policy for use and transfer of worldcat records 62 that would have required member libraries to include an oclc policy note on their bibliographic records the policy caused an uproar among librarian bloggers 63 64 among those who protested the policy was the non librarian activist aaron swartz who believed the policy would threaten projects such as the open library zotero and wikipedia and who started a petition to stop the oclc powergrab 65 66 swartz s petition garnered 858 signatures but the details of his proposed actions went largely unheeded 64 within a few months the library community had forced oclc to retract its policy and to create a review board to consult with member libraries more transparently 64 in august 2012 oclc recommended that member libraries adopt the open data commons attribution odc by license when sharing library catalog data although some member libraries have explicit agreements with oclc that they can publish catalog data using the cc0 public domain dedication 67 68 in july 2010 the company was sued by skyriver a rival startup in an antitrust suit 69 library automation company innovative interfaces joined skyriver in the suit 70 the suit was dropped in march 2013 however following the acquisition of skyriver by innovative interfaces 71 innovative interfaces was later bought by exlibris therefore passing oclc as the dominant supplier of ils services in the usa over 70 market share for academic libraries and over 50 for public libraries for exlibris versus oclc s 10 market share of both types of libraries in 2019 72 see also edit dynix software public library advocacy references edit oclc leadership www oclc org oclc archived from the original on january 21 2022 retrieved march 10 2022 oclc qualifying subscriptions for membership pdf www oclc org oclc february 15 2022 archived pdf from the original on march 11 2022 retrieved march 11 2022 a b oclc annual report 2020 2021 dublin ohio oclc december 20 2021 archived from the original on march 11 2022 retrieved march 11 2022 a b oclc consolidated financial statements 2015 16 pdf oclc september 12 2016 archived pdf from the original on april 14 2021 retrieved may 28 2017 a b about oclc oclc archived from the original on march 11 2022 retrieved march 11 2022 a b certificate of amendment of the amended articles of incorporation of oclc online computer library center inc ohio secretary of state june 26 2017 archived from the original on march 21 2020 retrieved august 18 2019 see also amended articles of incorporation of oclc inc pdf www oclc org oclc june 23 2017 archived pdf from the original on march 11 2022 retrieved march 11 2022 a b oswald godfrey 2017 largest unified international library catalog l...