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Text of the page (random words):
mpting to log in an email client looking for an email address or a user looking for a file communications server maintains an environment needed for one communication endpoint user or devices to find other endpoints and communicate with them it may or may not include a directory of communication endpoints and a presence detection service depending on the openness and security parameters of the network communication endpoints users or devices computing server shares vast amounts of computing resources especially cpu and random access memory over a network any computer program that needs more cpu power and ram than a personal computer can probably afford the client must be a networked computer otherwise there would be no client server model database server maintains and shares any form of database organized collections of data with predefined properties that may be displayed in a table over a network spreadsheets accounting software asset management software or virtually any computer program that consumes well organized data especially in large volumes fax server shares one or more fax machines over a network thus eliminating the hassle of physical access any fax sender or recipient file server shares files and folders storage space to hold files and folders or both over a network networked computers are the intended clients even though local programs can be clients game server enables several computers or gaming devices to play multiplayer video games personal computers or gaming consoles mail server makes email communication possible in the same way that a post office makes snail mail communication possible senders and recipients of email media server shares digital video or digital audio over a network through media streaming transmitting content in a way that portions received can be watched or listened to as they arrive as opposed to downloading an entire file and then using it user attended personal computers equipped with a monitor and a speaker print server shares one or more printers over a network thus eliminating the hassle of physical access computers in need of printing something sound server enables computer programs to play and record sound individually or cooperatively computer programs of the same computer and network clients proxy server acts as an intermediary between a client and a server accepting incoming traffic from the client and sending it to the server reasons for doing so include content control and filtering improving traffic performance preventing unauthorized network access or simply routing the traffic over a large and complex network any networked computer virtual server shares hardware and software resources with other virtual servers it exists only as defined within specialized software called hypervisor the hypervisor presents virtual hardware to the server as if it were real physical hardware 7 server virtualization allows for a more efficient infrastructure 8 any networked computer web server hosts web pages a web server is what makes the world wide web possible each website has one or more web servers also each server can host multiple websites computers with a web browser almost the entire structure of the internet is based upon a client server model high level root nameservers dns and routers direct the traffic on the internet there are millions of servers connected to the internet running continuously throughout the world 9 and virtually every action taken by an ordinary internet user requires one or more interactions with one or more servers there are exceptions that do not use dedicated servers for example peer to peer file sharing and some implementations of telephony e g pre microsoft skype hardware edit a rack mountable server with the top cover removed to reveal internal components hardware requirement for servers vary widely depending on the server s purpose and its software servers are more often than not more powerful and expensive than the clients that connect to them since servers are usually accessed over a network many run unattended without a computer monitor or input device audio hardware and usb interfaces many servers do not have a graphical user interface gui they are configured and managed remotely remote management can be conducted via various methods including microsoft management console mmc powershell ssh and browser based out of band management systems such as dell s idrac or hp s ilo large servers edit large traditional single servers would need to be run for long periods without interruption availability would have to be very high making hardware reliability and durability extremely important mission critical enterprise servers would be very fault tolerant and use specialized hardware with low failure rates in order to maximize uptime uninterruptible power supplies might be incorporated to guard against power failure servers typically include hardware redundancy such as dual power supplies raid disk systems and ecc memory 10 along with extensive pre boot memory testing and verification critical components might be hot swappable allowing technicians to replace them on the running server without shutting it down and to guard against overheating servers might have more powerful fans or use water cooling they will often be able to be configured powered up and down or rebooted remotely using out of band management typically based on ipmi server casings are usually flat and wide and designed to be rack mounted either on 19 inch racks or on open racks these types of servers are often housed in dedicated data centers these will normally have very stable power and internet and increased security noise is also less of a concern but power consumption and heat output can be a serious issue server rooms are equipped with air conditioning devices a server rack seen from the rear wikimedia foundation servers as seen from the front wikimedia foundation servers as seen from the rear wikimedia foundation servers as seen from the rear clusters edit main article server farm a server farm or server cluster is a collection of computer servers maintained by an organization to supply server functionality far beyond the capability of a single device modern data centers are now often built of very large clusters of much simpler servers 11 and there is a collaborative effort open compute project around this concept appliances edit a class of small specialist servers called network appliances are generally at the low end of the scale often being smaller than common desktop computers mobile edit a mobile server has a portable form factor e g a laptop 12 in contrast to large data centers or rack servers the mobile server is designed for on the road or ad hoc deployment into emergency disaster or temporary environments where traditional servers are not feasible due to their power requirements size and deployment time 13 the main beneficiaries of so called server on the go technology include network managers software or database developers training centers military personnel law enforcement forensics emergency relief groups and service organizations 14 to facilitate portability features such as the keyboard display battery uninterruptible power supply to provide power redundancy in case of failure and mouse are all integrated into the chassis operating systems edit sun s cobalt qube 3 a computer server appliance 2002 running cobalt linux a customized version of red hat linux using the 2 2 linux kernel complete with the apache web server on the internet the dominant operating systems among servers are unix like open source distributions such as those based on linux and freebsd 15 with windows server also having a significant share proprietary operating systems such as z os and macos server are also deployed but in much smaller numbers specialist server oriented operating systems have traditionally had features such as gui not available or optional ability to reconfigure and update both hardware and software to some extent without restart advanced backup facilities to permit regular and frequent online backups of critical data transparent data transfer between different volumes or devices flexible and advanced networking capabilities automation capabilities such as daemons in unix and services in windows tight system security with advanced user resource data and memory protection advanced detection and alerting on conditions such as overheating processor and disk failure 16 in practice today many desktop and server operating systems share similar code bases differing mostly in configuration energy consumption edit in 2010 data centers servers cooling and other electrical infrastructure were responsible for 1 1 1 5 of electrical energy consumption worldwide and 1 7 2 2 in the united states 17 one estimate is that total energy consumption for information and communications technology saves more than 5 times its carbon footprint 18 in the rest of the economy by increasing efficiency global energy consumption is increasing due to the increasing demand of data and bandwidth natural resources defense council nrdc states that data centers used 91 billion kilowatt hours kwh electrical energy in 2013 which accounts to 3 of global electricity usage environmental groups have placed focus on the carbon emissions of data centers as it accounts to 200 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in a year see also edit peer to peer notes edit a corba servant is a server side object to which method calls from remote method invocation are forwarded but this is an uncommon usage references edit windows server administration fundamentals microsoft official academic course hoboken nj john wiley sons 2011 pp 2 3 isbn 978 0 470 90182 3 comer douglas e stevens david l 1993 vol iii client server programming and applications internetworking with tcp ip west lafayette in prentice hall pp 11d isbn 978 0 13 474222 9 richard a henle boris w kuvshinoff c m kuvshinoff 1992 desktop computers in perspective oxford university press p 417 isbn 9780195070316 server is a fairly recent computer networking term derived from queuing theory cite book cs1 maint uses authors parameter link rulifson jeff june 1969 del ietf doi 10 17487 rfc0005 rfc 5 retrieved 30 november 2013 shapiro elmer b march 1969 network timetable ietf doi 10 17487 rfc0004 rfc 4 retrieved 30 november 2013 using the http publish subscribe server oracle it explained server definition and details www paessler com it explained dns server not responding www dnsservernotresponding org web servers it business edge retrieved july 31 2013 li huang shen chu 2010 a realistic evaluation of memory hardware errors and software system susceptibility usenix annual tech conference 2010 pdf archived pdf from the original on 2022 10 09 retrieved 2017 01 30 cite web cs1 maint multiple names authors list link google uncloaks once secret server cnet cbs interactive retrieved 2017 01 30 mobile server power to go eurocom panther 5se archived from the original on 2013 03 17 mobile server notebook 27 january 2022 server caliber computer doubles as a mobile workstation usage statistics and market share of linux for websites retrieved 18 jan 2013 server oriented operating system retrieved 2010 05 25 markoff john 31 jul 2011 data centers using less power than forecast report says ny times retrieved 18 jan 2013 smart 2020 enabling the low carbon economy in the information age pdf the climate group 6 oct 2008 archived from the original pdf on 22 november 2010 retrieved 18 jan 2013 further reading edit wikimedia commons has media related to servers erlang agner krarup 1909 the theory of probabilities and telephone conversations pdf nyt tidsskrift for matematik b 20 33 39 archived from the original pdf on 2011 10 01 kendall d g 1953 stochastic processes occurring in the theory of queues and their analysis by the method of the imbedded markov chain the annals of mathematical statistics 24 3 338 354 doi 10 1214 aoms 1177728975 jstor 2236285 v t e computer sizes classes of computers microcomputer personal computer static appliances smart speaker smart tv interactive kiosk arcade cabinet home console microconsole thin client computer terminal computers by use home home server workstation personal supercomputer by size portable small form factor nettop plug desktop deskside all in one tabletop mobile laptop desktop replacement 2 in 1 subnotebook netbook smartbook ultrabook ultra mobile pc tablet ultra mobile pc 2 in 1 handheld game console phablet tabletop e reader handheld information appliance handheld pc palmtop pc pocket computer personal digital assistant electronic organizer mobile phone camera phone feature phone smartphone rugged phone phablet portable media player e reader handheld game console portable mobile data terminal calculator scientific programmable graphing wearable digital wristwatch calculator watch smartwatch sportwatch smartband smartglasses smart ring midrange minicomputer supermini large super mainframe minisuper others microcontroller nanocomputer single board computer smartdust wireless sensor network server size independent category portal authority control national libraries germany israel united states czech republic retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title server_ computing oldid 1126245344 categories servers computing server hardware hidden categories cs1 maint uses authors parameter cs1 maint multiple names authors list articles with short description short description is different from wikidata commons category link is on wikidata articles with gnd identifiers articles with j9u identifiers articles with lccn identifiers articles with nkc identifiers navigation menu personal tools not logged in talk contributions create account log in namespaces article talk english views read edit view history more navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us donate contribute help learn to edit community 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