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adquarters in palo alto california in 2013 type public traded as nyse hpq 2002 2015 industry computer hardware computer software it services it consulting founded july 2 1939 83 years ago 1939 07 02 founders bill hewlett david packard defunct november 1 2015 2015 11 01 main company now operating as hp inc fate corporate split pc and printer business renamed as hp inc server storage and networking business spun off into hewlett packard enterprise successors hp inc hewlett packard enterprise dxc technology micro focus agilent technologies headquarters palo alto california 37 24 49 n 122 08 42 w 37 4136 n 122 1451 w 37 4136 122 1451 coordinates 37 24 49 n 122 08 42 w 37 4136 n 122 1451 w 37 4136 122 1451 u s area served worldwide products list of hewlett packard products revenue 2 000 000 000 united states dollar 2015 subsidiaries list of subsidiaries the hewlett packard company commonly shortened to hewlett packard ˈ h juː l ɪ t ˈ p æ k ər d hyew lit pak ərd or hp was an american multinational information technology company headquartered in palo alto california hp developed and provided a wide variety of hardware components as well as software and related services to consumers small and medium sized businesses smbs and large enterprises including customers in the government health and education sectors the company was founded in a one car garage in palo alto by bill hewlett and david packard in 1939 and initially produced a line of electronic test and measurement equipment the hp garage at 367 addison avenue is now designated an official california historical landmark and is marked with a plaque calling it the birthplace of silicon valley the company won its first big contract in 1938 to provide test and measurement instruments for walt disney s production of the animated film fantasia which allowed hewlett and packard to formally establish the hewlett packard company on july 2 1939 1 the company grew into a multinational corporation widely respected for its products hp was the world s leading pc manufacturer from 2007 until the second quarter of 2013 when lenovo moved ahead of hp 2 3 4 hp specialized in developing and manufacturing computing data storage and networking hardware designing software and delivering services major product lines included personal computing devices enterprise and industry standard servers related storage devices networking products software and a range of printers and other imaging products the company directly marketed its products to households small to medium sized businesses and enterprises as well as via online distribution consumer electronics and office supply retailers software partners and major technology vendors it also offered services and a consulting business for its products and partner products in 1999 hp spun off its electronic and bio analytical test and measurement instruments business into agilent technologies hp retained focus on its later products including computers and printers it merged with compaq in 2002 and acquired electronic data systems in 2008 which led to combined revenues of 118 4 billion that year and a fortune 500 ranking of 9 in 2009 in november 2009 hp announced its acquisition of 3com 5 and closed the deal on april 12 2010 6 on april 28 2010 hp announced its buyout of palm inc for 1 2 billion 7 on september 2 2010 hp won its bidding war for 3par with a 33 a share offer 2 07 billion which dell declined to match 8 on november 1 2015 the company spun off its enterprise products and services business hewlett packard enterprise hp retained the personal computer and printer businesses and was renamed hp inc 9 contents 1 history 1 1 1960s 1 2 1970s 1 3 1980s 1 4 1990s 1 4 1 sales to iran despite sanctions 1 5 2000 2005 1 6 2006 2009 1 7 2010 2012 1 8 2013 2015 2 facilities 3 products and organizational structure 4 staff and culture 4 1 notable people 5 corporate social responsibility 6 brand 7 controversies 7 1 restatement 7 2 spying scandal 7 3 hardware 7 4 lawsuit against oracle 7 5 hp wage and hour lawsuit 7 6 takeover of autonomy 7 7 israeli settlements 7 8 bribery 8 see also 9 references 10 external links history edit the garage in palo alto where hewlett and packard began the company logo used from 1941 to 1964 bill hewlett and david packard graduated with degrees in electrical engineering from stanford university in 1935 the company started in a garage in palo alto during a fellowship they had with past professor frederick terman at stanford during the great depression whom they considered a mentor in forming the company 10 in 1938 packard and hewlett began part time work in a rented garage with an initial capital investment of us 538 equivalent to 10 357 in 2021 in 1939 hewlett and packard decided to formalize their partnership they tossed a coin to decide whether the company they founded would be called hewlett packard hp or packard hewlett 11 hp was incorporated on august 18 1947 and went public on november 6 1957 12 35 40 64 70 196 hewlett and packard s first financially successful product was a precision audio oscillator known as the hp 200a which used a small incandescent light bulb known as a pilot light as a temperature dependent resistor in a critical portion of the circuit and a negative feedback loop to stabilize the amplitude of the output sinusoidal waveform this allowed the hp 200a to be sold for 89 40 when competitors were selling less stable oscillators for over 200 the 200 series of generators continued production until at least 1972 as the 200ab still tube based but improved in design through the years one of the company s earliest customers was bud hawkins chief sound engineer for walt disney studios who bought eight hp 200b audio oscillators at 71 50 each to be used in the animated film fantasia hp s profit at the end of 1939 its first full year of business was 1 563 on revenues of 5 369 12 in 1942 they built their first building at 395 page mill road and were awarded the army navy e award in 1943 hp employed 200 people and produced the audio oscillator a wave analyzer distortion analyzers an audio signal generator and the model 400a vacuum tube voltmeter during the war 12 54 60 195 hewlett and packard worked on counter radar technology and artillery shell proximity fuzes during world war ii the work exempted packard from the draft 13 but hewlett had to serve as an officer in the army signal corps after being called to active duty in 1947 the company was incorporated with packard as president he handed the presidency over to hewlett when he became chairman in 1964 but remained ceo of the company sales reached 5 5 million in 1951 with 215 employees in 1959 a manufacturing plant was established in böblingen and a marketing organization in geneva 12 196 1960s edit logo used from 1964 14 to 1979 the hp200a a precision audio oscillator was the company s very first financially successful product hp is recognized as the symbolic founder of silicon valley though it did not actively investigate semiconductor devices until a few years after the traitorous eight abandoned william shockley to create fairchild semiconductor in 1957 hewlett packard s hp associates division established around 1960 developed semiconductor devices primarily for internal use hp associates was co founded by another former bell labs researcher mosfet inventor mohamed atalla 15 who served as director of semiconductor research 16 instruments and calculators were some of the products using semiconductor devices from hp associates during the 1960s hp partnered with sony and yokogawa electric in japan to develop several high quality products the products were not a huge success as there were high costs involved in building hp looking products in japan in 1963 hp and yokogawa formed the joint venture yokogawa hewlett packard to market hp products in japan 17 hp bought yokogawa electric s share of hewlett packard japan in 1999 18 hp spun off the small company dynac to specialize in digital equipment the name was picked so that the hp logo could be turned upside down to be a reflected image of the logo of the new company dynac was eventually renamed dymec and folded back into hp in 1959 19 hp experimented with using digital equipment corporation dec minicomputers with its instruments but entered the computer market in 1966 with the hp 2100 hp 1000 series of minicomputers after it decided that it would be easier to build another small design team than deal with dec the minicomputers had a simple accumulator based design with two accumulator registers and in the hp 1000 models two index registers the series was produced for 20 years in spite of several attempts to replace it and was a forerunner of the hp 9800 and hp 250 series of desktop and business computers at the end of 1968 packard handed over the duties of ceo to hewlett to become united states deputy secretary of defense in the incoming nixon administration he resumed the chairmanship in 1972 and served until 1993 but hewlett remained the ceo 1970s edit the hp 3000 was an advanced stack based design for a business computing server later redesigned with risc technology the hp 2640 series of smart and intelligent terminals introduced forms based interfaces to ascii terminals and also introduced screen labeled function keys now commonly used on gas pumps and bank atms the hp 2640 series included one of the first bit mapped graphics displays that when combined with the hp 2100 21mx f series microcoded scientific instruction set 20 enabled the first commercial wysiwyg presentation program bruno that later became the program hp draw on the hp 3000 although scoffed at in the formative days of computing hp surpassed ibm as the world s largest technology vendor in terms of sales 21 introduced in 1968 the new hewlett packard 9100a personal computer is ready willing and able to relieve you of waiting to get on the big computer hp was identified by wired magazine as the producer of the world s first device to be called a personal computer the hewlett packard 9100a introduced in 1968 22 hp called it a desktop calculator because as hewlett said if we had called it a computer it would have been rejected by our customers computer gurus because it didn t look like an ibm we therefore decided to call it a calculator and all such nonsense disappeared an engineering triumph at the time the logic circuit was produced without any integrated circuits and the cpu assembly was entirely executed in discrete components with crt display magnetic card storage and printer the price was around 5 000 the machine s keyboard was a cross between that of a scientific calculator and an adding machine there was no alphabetic keyboard apple co founder steve wozniak originally designed the apple i computer while working at hp and offered it to them under their right of first refusal to his work they did not take it up as the company wanted to stay in scientific business and industrial markets wozniak said that hp turned him down five times but that his loyalty to hp made him hesitant to start apple with steve jobs 23 the company earned global respect for a variety of products they introduced the world s first handheld scientific electronic calculator in 1972 the hp 35 the first handheld programmable in 1974 the hp 65 the first alphanumeric programmable expandable in 1979 the hp 41 c and the first symbolic and graphing calculator the hp 28c like their scientific and business calculators hp oscilloscopes logic analyzers and other measurement instruments had a reputation for sturdiness and usability hp introduced the hewlett packard interface bus hpib computer peripheral interface later cloned by national instruments as gpib and standardized by the ieee as ieee 488 on their relay actuator products in 1973 that was later integrated into most high end test measurement equipment it produced from 1980 onward as early as 1977 hp began production of the hp856x spectrum analyzers to complement its rf power meters and sensors capable of measuring signals in excess of 20 ghz hp also produced configurable chassis based sweep generators capable of generating signals to 20ghz other t m products of the time included lab grade multimeters microwave frequency counters rf amplfiers high accuracy microwave detectors lab grade power supplies and more these products were succeeded by modernized versions as well as the introduction of the scalar and vector network analyzer product lines prior to the business being spun off into agilent technologies the hp 9800 series of technical desktop computers started in 1975 with the 9815 the hp series 80 started in 1979 with the 85 24 these machines used a version of the basic programming language which was available immediately after they were switched on and used a proprietary magnetic tape for storage hp computers were similar in capabilities to the much later ibm personal computer though the limitations of available technology forced prices to be high citation needed in 1978 hewlett stepped down as ceo and was succeeded by john a young 1980s edit logo used from 1979 to 2008 hp expanded into south africa in the 1980s activists supporting divestment from south africa accused hp of automating apartheid 25 sales reached 6 5 billion in 1985 with 85 000 employees 12 198 in 1984 hp introduced both inkjet and laser printers for the desktop along with its scanner product line the printers have later been developed into successful multifunction products the most significant being single unit printer scanner copier fax machines the print mechanisms in hp s laserjet line of laser printers depend almost entirely on canon inc s components print engines which in turn use technology developed by xerox hp developed the hardware firmware and software to convert data into dots for printing 26 on march 3 1986 hp registered the hp com domain name making it the ninth internet com domain to be registered 27 in 1987 the palo alto garage where hewlett and packard started their business was designated as a california historical landmark 1990s edit logo with invent tagline introduced in 1999 28 in the 1990s hp expanded their computer product line which initially had been targeted at university research and business users to reach consumers hp also grew through acquisitions it bought apollo computer in 1989 and convex computer in 1995 in 1992 young was succeeded by lewis e platt and in 1993 and hewlett and packard stepped down from the board with platt succeeding packard as chairman in 1993 hp acquired advanced design system from pathwave the ads suite of rf simulation tools was spun off into agilent in 1999 along with related t m business units all of which were carried forward into the spinoff of agilent into keysight later in the decade hp opened hpshopping com as an independent subsidiary to sell online direct to consumers in 2005 the store was renamed hp home home office store from 1995 to 1998 hewlett packard were sponsors of the english football team tott...