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staff has broken off but i couldn t tell by looking at the statue whether that was the case or not it s a nice rat though st gertrude of nivelles wooden sculpture 1390 1400 originally from pfarrkirche st michael in spiringen switzerland swiss national museum zürich pix by vix as far as i know not a whole lot of finds have been identified by archaeologists as distaffs i mean a lot of the time they would just be plain sticks so there s not much to identify really there s a medieval one from schloss gottorf in northern germany see below though and several distaff heads have been found at medieval novgorod in russia from staraia ladoga also in russia there are reported finds of distaffs from as early as the 9th century both the ones from novgorod and those from staraia ladoga seem to be bat distaffs with a top section shaped like a paddle a type that remained popular in russia well into the 19th century sherman 2008 it s not a type that seems to be depicted in european medieval manuscripts though and although similar distaffs exist here in sweden from post medieval times i ve decided to stick with the straight stick version for now although novgorod traded a lot with europe through the hanseatic league in the middle ages i m personally a little wary of using finds from such a relatively far off place when my focus is southern scandinavia northern germany on the other hand the huge amount of well preserved wooden objects makes it very difficult not to glance eastwards to novgorod every once in a while medieval distaff and also spindles and parts of niddy noddies schloss gottorf germany pix by vix there are many ways of dressing a distaff the most commonly depicted versions in medieval manuscripts appear to fall into two very broad categories the more or less fluffy fibre bundle often tied in place by a narrow band the cone shaped fibre bundle either tied with a band or with some sort of cloth cover or both more images of medieval distaffs and spinning can be found over at my pinterest board medieval fibre preparation spinning where i ve also tried to add the original source for all the pins the holkham bible british library addmss 47682 fol 4v 6r 1320 30 a nun st gertrude spinning in the company of a helpful cat maastricht hours british library stowe ms 17 fol 34r 1st half of the 14th century british library ms royal 10 e iv fol 49v early 14th century another one of those rarely depicted top whorl spindles the taymouth hours british library ms yates thompson 13 fol 23v 2nd quarter of the 14th century could this perhaps be an image showing the elusive practice of spinning dyed wool see this previous post ormesby psalter bodleian library ms douce 366 fol 71v c 1310 basically it s perfectly possible to achieve all these different shapes using a simple straight stick as a distaff the cone shaped ones may have some sort of structure underneath perhaps like a modern 19th century cage distaff or something similar but it s difficult to tell from the contemporary images exactly what s hiding under the fibres in some cases it s obvious that the images show flax being spun rather than wool if the spinner or monkey in the case of the illuminated manuscript below is running the thread through their mouth it s a pretty good indication of flax or hemp spinning since it s commonly spun wet a monkey spinning flax british library additional 18851 f459 1480s but sometimes people claim you can tell what fibre is being spun in an image just from the shape of the fibre bundle on the distaff i m not so sure medieval images just aren t detailed enough and most distaff shapes can actually be created with either wool or flax it s just a matter of how you arrange the fibres wool can be gathered into long thick tops that look very much like flax strick hackled flax bundles when tied to a distaff and flax on the other hand can be wrapped like candy floss around the distaff head which ends up looking rather round and fluffy and wool like long fibres that hang straight down may of course be flax but then again this is what my distaff looks like when i m spinning worsted wool combed wool from the double coated värmland sheep a swedish landrace breed and this is how i go about dressing it top left image hand combed tops rolled into little bird s nests for storage bottom left image a wide band of woollen cloth 150x10 cm with pieces of the tops arranged in layers right image the band and wool rolled around the distaff and secured with a pin and a linen tie a similar way of doing this can be found at katrin kania s blog a stitchin time how i dress my distaff here s another way of getting the fibres onto the distaff this works very well for industrially prepared tops or for hand combed wool but carded rolags can also be tied to the distaff in this way combed tops or their modern counterpart can also be wound around the distaff as may be the case in this image the queen mary psalter bl royal 2 b vii fol 158 between 1310 and 1320 modern carded batts or hand carded or even just teased wool collected into a big pile can be rolled into a nice little package like this which looks a lot like the distaff arrangement in this image speculum humanae salvationis gks 80 2o fol 6r the first half of the 15th century det konglige bibliotek copenhagen denmark and also like the virgin mary s fibre bundle in this image but without the angel virgin mary pregnant and spinning anonymous c 1410 hungarian national museum budapest the package can be attached to the distaff at a jaunty angle as in the image above or simply stuck unceremoniously onto the top of the distaff as it is there let s start spinning already as long as the fibres aren t too sticky i ve found that almost anything goes when it comes to dressing a distaff a great messy tangle is fine as long as it s possible to pull the wool off it one handed it ll work but it will affect the thread snags neps and sticky fibres on the distaff naturally make a less even thread while carefully prepared wool really helps in spinning a smooth thread like so many other things the end result owes so much to the preparations i often use the tie around the bundle to control the flow of fibres adjusting it to give me just enough resistance to draft against when i want a non fuzzy thread i personally find it helps with a little bit of resistance when i want a smooth thread but for fluffier yarn i just let twist do most of the drafting for me at the moment in between sessions of spinning for weaving i trying to learn how to do a proper woollen long draw which of course requires yet another slightly different one handed drafting technique i m starting to get some usable thread out of it now and it s good practice for the day when i finally get myself a great wheel references textiles tools from medieval novgorod http users stlcc edu mfuller novgorodfabricp html medieval clothing and textiles volym 4 from flax to linen in medieval rus lands heidi m sherman 2008 dressing distaffs how i dress my distaff a stitch intime so what is just sogreat about adistaff 15th century spinning posted by arachne at saturday december 05 2015 11 comments labels 13th century 14th century distaff spinning värmlandsfår wool monday 19 october 2015 challenges life s full of challenges and some of them are all about textiles the historical sewing fortnightly monthly after an enthusiastic start in early 2014 i think i can safely say that i utterly failed to complete any more of the historical sewing fortnightly s challenges even when it changed to its current monthly format alas too many things to do too little time to do them in the manuscript challenge in august 2014 i joined the manuscript challenge and failed to complete it within the specified year i did a little better than with the historical sewing fortnightly though for the manuscript challenge i choose this picture from the weltchronik in versen ms bsb cgm 5 fol 44v the manuscript is from around 1370 and belongs to the bayerische staatsbibliothek regensburg germany rebecca weltchronik in versen c 1370 bayerische staatsbibliothek it s rebecca from the bible looking fashionable in a lovely red dress lined with ermine worn over a green dress and with an amazing kruseler that looks like a decorated cake what s not to love about this image my plan was to weave the fabric for the overdress dye it with madder spin the sewing thread and sew the whole thing by hand i also decided to weave the fabric for the green underdress while buying the fabric for the kruseler i had never made a kruseler before they re bit out of my fanciness league at least one as sumptuous as this and i didn t want to risk messing up a handwoven fabric on this first attempt i did actually finish the first part of the challenge the red overdress it s my weaving vadmal dress it turned out more rustic looking than i imagine rebecca s dress to be because my fabric is on the coarser side and it s cut a lot more economically obviously i left out the ermine lining altogether the kruseler then well it s an ongoing project that i drag out from underneath the big pile of ufos unfinished objects every once in a while to work on it for a few hours at the moment it s just a bunch of wide linen strips that need to be hemmed let s just say i m not overly excited about hemming about 10 miles of linen strips and leave it at that the green fabric is still hanging around somewhere in the planning stage i have one or two perhaps even three projects for the big loom that i m much more excited about and it might get bumped even further down the queue i do have the yarn but i m in no hurry to do anything about it for the time being to sum things up the most accurate status for my manuscript challenge right now would probably be dormant but not dead but then something else came along about a month ago the herjolfsnes challenge the warp that was in my loom when the herjolfnes challenge was announced was already meant to become fabric for a herjolfsnes 39 d10581 dress so i joined straight away i don t expect the fabric to be anything like the original though the wool s not quite right and i don t have enough weft yarn to make the typical herjolfsnes weft faced 2 2 twill either i will just have to make do with a generic medieval twill which will be red bright madder red quite the opposite of the undyed fabrics used for the herjolfsnes garments i will put the challenge efforts into the cut of the garment and the seams and finishing techniques rather than the fabric itself yep that s the warp yarn it s quite red i have these old full scale herjolfsnes patterns from nationalmuseum in copenhagen that i have been meaning to try out for years and encouraged by the challenge i finally dug them out only to discover that one of them was actually for herjolfsnes 39 although it certainly didn t look it at first glance full scale herjolfsnes patterns from nationalmuseum copenhagen with suspiciously long sleeves in the line drawing of number 39 i bought these some 10 years ago and the museum doesn t sell them anymore so i decided to use the ready made pattern rather than making my own when i checked its measurements against those given for the preserved dress they seemed to be pretty close these patterns were made by else østergård and lilli fransen and i think that they are pretty much the same as the ones that ended up in their book medieval garments reconstructed nordbomønstre dragtsnit fra middelalderen in danish project sketch for my challenge dress i made a cotton mock up to test the pattern the only alteration i made was to add 25 cm to the bottom of the dress so it would reach the floor other than that i used the original measurements i didn t have enough fabric to make both side panels reach the floor and i had to skip one of the sleeves but there was enough of the dress to decide that the fit was absolutely perfect and look at those draping folds in the middle picture i m so looking forward to making this dress i got so enthusiastic about the challenge that i couldn t wait until i had finished weaving the fabric i wanted to make something straight away in my stash i found a piece of old handwoven twill and decided to make it into an in between challenge to practise the seams and finishing techniques the choice fell on hood number 72 d10602 as it was included in the full scale pattern the pattern given for the hood 72 d10602 in medieval garments reconstructed is bigger than the original to make it possible to pull it over the head without adding an opening the original is just too tight for that trying out the sømmesting which is described as an invisible stitch sewn from the right side in som syet til jorden woven into the earth finishing the hem with a tabby woven edge the finished hood with close ups of the woven edge fabric handwoven and fulled 2 1 twill seams used sømmesting from the outside for the assembling seams overcast stitches to sew dow n the seam allowances two rows of slanted stab stitches around the face opening singling around the lower edge weaving foot weaving ordinary tabby around the lower edge done with the same handspun thread used for the sewing differences from original hood size see above sewing thread is z twisted instead of s twisted 2 1 instead of 2 2 twill the edges weren t preserved on the original so the finishing techniques are taken from other herjolfsnes hoods references nordbomønstre dragtsnit fra middelalderen medieval garments reconstructed lilli fransen anna nørgaard else østergård 2010 som syet til jorden woven into the earth else østergård 2003 posted by arachne at monday october 19 2015 3 comments labels 14th century early 15th century herjolfsnes herjolfsnes challenge historical sew fortnightly manuscript challenge medieval clothing weaving older posts home subscribe to posts atom about me arachne i m vix short for viktoria i m an archaeologist specialising in crafts and textiles with an additional degree in handweaving i work as a curator in a museum and spend most of my time involved with textiles crafts living history rpg and 1930s and 40s vintage view my complete profile blog archive 2018 1 july 1 tablet weaving articles 2016 2 february 1 january 1 2015 7 december 2 october 1 september 1 july 1 february 1 january 1 2014 6 december 3 february 1 january 2 2013 5 december 1 october 1 september 2 march 1 2012 2 december 1 october 1 2011 4 july 1 june 2 april 1 2010 1 april 1 2009 1 march 1 2008 3 august 2 july 1 2007 11 september 3 july 1 june 1 may 1 april 5 links exploring the medieval hunt medieval silkwork 15th century spinning albrechts bössor 14th century reenactment weavershand early manuscripts at oxford university uk detector finds database labels 13th century 3 14th century 19 19th century 1 20th century 3 albrechts bössor 4 carding wool 1 combing wool 2 embroidery 4 eric of pomerania s belt 7 fulling 4 herjolfsnes 2 historical sew fortnightly 2 medieval clothing 9 medieval pilgrimage 1 medieval textiles 8 modern crap...