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what is linux linux com x topic ai ml cloud desktop embedded iot governance hardware linux networking open source security system administration audience developers devops enterprise enthusiast resources tutorials training certification events forums q a what is linux about us search sign in welcome log into your account your username your password forgot your password get help password recovery recover your password your email a password will be e mailed to you x linux com topic ai ml cloud desktop embedded iot governance hardware linux networking open source security system administration audience developers devops enterprise enthusiast resources tutorials training certification events forums q a what is linux about us home what is linux what is linux looking to get started in linux develop a good working knowledge of linux using both the graphical interface and command line across the major linux distribution families with the linux foundation s intro to linux online course enroll for free here este curso también está disponible en español haga clic aquí para introducción a linux from smartphones to cars supercomputers and home appliances home desktops to enterprise servers the linux operating system is everywhere linux has been around since the mid 1990s and has since reached a user base that spans the globe linux is actually everywhere it s in your phones your thermostats in your cars refrigerators roku devices and televisions it also runs most of the internet all of the world s top 500 supercomputers and the world s stock exchanges but besides being the platform of choice to run desktops servers and embedded systems across the globe linux is one of the most reliable secure and worry free operating systems available here is all the information you need to get up to speed on the linux platform what is linux just like windows ios and mac os linux is an operating system in fact one of the most popular platforms on the planet android is powered by the linux operating system an operating system is software that manages all of the hardware resources associated with your desktop or laptop to put it simply the operating system manages the communication between your software and your hardware without the operating system os the software wouldn t function the linux operating system comprises several different pieces bootloader the software that manages the boot process of your computer for most users this will simply be a splash screen that pops up and eventually goes away to boot into the operating system kernel this is the one piece of the whole that is actually called linux the kernel is the core of the system and manages the cpu memory and peripheral devices the kernel is the lowest level of the os init system this is a sub system that bootstraps the user space and is charged with controlling daemons one of the most widely used init systems is systemd which also happens to be one of the most controversial it is the init system that manages the boot process once the initial booting is handed over from the bootloader i e grub or grand unified bootloader daemons these are background services printing sound scheduling etc that either start up during boot or after you log into the desktop graphical server this is the sub system that displays the graphics on your monitor it is commonly referred to as the x server or just x desktop environment this is the piece that the users actually interact with there are many desktop environments to choose from gnome cinnamon mate pantheon enlightenment kde xfce etc each desktop environment includes built in applications such as file managers configuration tools web browsers and games applications desktop environments do not offer the full array of apps just like windows and macos linux offers thousands upon thousands of high quality software titles that can be easily found and installed most modern linux distributions more on this below include app store like tools that centralize and simplify application installation for example ubuntu linux has the ubuntu software center a rebrand of gnome software which allows you to quickly search among the thousands of apps and install them from one centralized location why use linux this is the one question that most people ask why bother learning a completely different computing environment when the operating system that ships with most desktops laptops and servers works just fine to answer that question i would pose another question does that operating system you re currently using really work just fine or do you find yourself battling obstacles like viruses malware slow downs crashes costly repairs and licensing fees if you struggle with the above linux might be the perfect platform for you linux has evolved into one of the most reliable computer ecosystems on the planet combine that reliability with zero cost of entry and you have the perfect solution for a desktop platform that s right zero cost of entry as in free you can install linux on as many computers as you like without paying a cent for software or server licensing let s take a look at the cost of a linux server in comparison to windows server 2016 the price of the windows server 2016 standard edition is 882 00 usd purchased directly from microsoft that doesn t include client access license cals and licenses for other software you may need to run such as a database a web server mail server etc for example a single user cal for windows server 2016 costs 38 00 if you need to add 10 users for example that s 388 00 more dollars for server software licensing with the linux server it s all free and easy to install in fact installing a full blown web server that includes a database server is just a few clicks or commands away take a look at easy lamp server installation to get an idea how simple it can be if zero cost isn t enough to win you over what about having an operating system that will work trouble free for as long as you use it i ve used linux for nearly 20 years as both a desktop and server platform and have not had any issues with ransomware malware or viruses linux is generally far less vulnerable to such attacks as for server reboots they re only necessary if the kernel is updated it is not out of the ordinary for a linux server to go years without being rebooted if you follow the regular recommended updates stability and dependability are practically assured open source linux is also distributed under an open source license open source follows these key tenets the freedom to run the program for any purpose the freedom to study how the program works and change it to make it do what you wish the freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor the freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others these points are crucial to understanding the community that works together to create the linux platform without a doubt linux is an operating system that is by the people for the people these tenets are also a main factor in why many people choose linux it s about freedom and freedom of use and freedom of choice what is a distribution linux has a number of different versions to suit any type of user from new users to hard core users you ll find a flavor of linux to match your needs these versions are called distributions or in the short form distros nearly every distribution of linux can be downloaded for free burned onto disk or usb thumb drive and installed on as many machines as you like popular linux distributions include linux mint manjaro debian ubuntu antergos solus fedora elementary os opensuse each distribution has a different take on the desktop some opt for very modern user interfaces such as gnome and elementary os s pantheon whereas others stick with a more traditional desktop environment opensuse uses kde you can check out the top 100 distributions on the distrowatch and don t think the server has been left behind for this arena you can turn to red hat enterprise linux ubuntu server centos suse enterprise linux some of the above server distributions are free such as ubuntu server and centos and some have an associated price such as red hat enterprise linux and suse enterprise linux those with an associated price also include support which distribution is right for you which distribution you use will depend on the answer to three simple questions how skilled of a computer user are you do you prefer a modern or a standard desktop interface server or desktop if your computer skills are fairly basic you ll want to stick with a newbie friendly distribution such as linux mint ubuntu figure 3 elementary os or deepin if your skill set extends into the above average range you could go with a distribution like debian or fedora if however you ve pretty much mastered the craft of computer and system administration use a distribution like gentoo if you really want a challenge you can build your very own linux distribution with the help of linux from scratch if you re looking for a server only distribution you will also want to decide if you need a desktop interface or if you want to do this via command line only the ubuntu server does not install a gui interface this means two things your server won t be bogged down loading graphics and you ll need to have a solid understanding of the linux command line however you can install a gui package on top of the ubuntu server with a single command like sudo apt get install ubuntu desktop system administrators will also want to view a distribution with regards to features do you want a server specific distribution that will offer you out of the box everything you need for your server if so centos might be the best choice or do you want to take a desktop distribution and add the pieces as you need them if so debian or ubuntu linux might serve you well installing linux for many people the idea of installing an operating system might seem like a very daunting task believe it or not linux offers one of the easiest installations of all operating systems in fact most versions of linux offer what is called a live distribution which means you run the operating system from either a cd dvd or usb flash drive without making any changes to your hard drive you get the full functionality without having to commit to the installation once you ve tried it out and decided you wanted to use it you simply double click the install icon and walk through the simple installation wizard typically the installation wizards walk you through the process with the following steps we ll illustrate the installation of ubuntu linux preparation make sure your machine meets the requirements for installation this also may ask you if you want to install third party software such as plugins for mp3 playback video codecs and more wireless setup if necessary if you are using a laptop or machine with wireless you ll need to connect to the network in order to download third party software and updates hard drive allocation figure 4 this step allows you to select how you want the operating system to be installed are you going to install linux alongside another operating system called dual booting use the entire hard drive upgrade an existing linux installation or install over an existing version of linux location select your location from the map keyboard layout select the keyboard for your system user setup set up your username and password that s it once the system has completed the installation reboot and you re ready to go for a more in depth guide to installing linux take a look at how to install and try linux the absolutely easiest and safest way or download the linux foundation s pdf guide for linux installation installing software on linux just as the operating system itself is easy to install so too are applications most modern linux distributions include what most would consider an app store this is a centralized location where software can be searched and installed ubuntu linux and many other distributions rely on gnome software elementary os has the appcenter deepin has the deepin software center opensuse has their appstore and some distributions rely on synaptic regardless of the name each of these tools do the same thing a central place to search for and install linux software of course these pieces of software depend upon the presence of a gui for gui less servers you will have to depend upon the command line interface for installation let s look at two different tools to illustrate how easy even the command line installation can be our examples are for debian based distributions and fedora based distributions the debian based distros will use the apt get tool for installing software and fedora based distros will require the use of the yum tool both work very similarly we ll illustrate using the apt get command let s say you want to install the wget tool which is a handy tool used to download files from the command line to install this using apt get the command would like like this sudo apt get install wget the sudo command is added because you need super user privileges in order to install software similarly to install the same software on a fedora based distribution you would first su to the super user literally issue the command su and enter the root password and issue this command yum install wget that s all there is to installing software on a linux machine it s not nearly as challenging as you might think still in doubt recall the easy lamp server installation from earlier with a single command sudo taskel you can install a complete lamp linux apache mysql php server on either a server or desktop distribution it really is that easy more resources if you re looking for one of the most reliable secure and dependable platforms for both the desktop and the server look no further than one of the many linux distributions with linux you can assure your desktops will be free of trouble your servers up and your support requests minimal for more information to help guide you through your lifetime with linux check out the following resources linux com everything you need to know about linux news tutorials and more howtoforge linux tutorials linux documentation project how tos guides and faqs linux knowledge base and tutorial plenty of tutorials and in depth guides lwn net linux kernel news and more copyright 2026 the linux foundation all rights reserved the linux foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks for a list of trademarks of the linux foundation please see our trademark usage page linux is a registered trademark of linus torvalds