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disrespect coined in aave and popularized through hip hop in the 1980s and 1990s bad meaning good from aave where inversion of meaning creates emphasis something so bad it s actually good used since early jazz era jive aave slang for deceptive talk or a style of jazz dancing used by cab calloway in his 1930s hepster dictionary 1970s 90s hip hop pre internet era homeboy homegirl aave for a close friend from one s neighborhood popularized in hip hop and later shortened to homes in casual speech dope meaning great shifted from stupid in standard english to excellent in aave during the 1980s hip hop era props short for proper respects in aave used in hip hop to acknowledge skill or achievement before entering mainstream slang word as in i agree aave interjection word or word is bond meaning i m telling the truth derived from nation of islam teachings phat meaning cool great aave acronym believed to stand for pretty hot and tempting though likely an invented backronym popularized in 90s hip hop the bomb aave phrase for something excellent or top quality widely used in hip hop lyrics before mainstream adoption def aave slang for excellent popularized by run dmc s king of rock and 80s hip hop culture fresh aave for stylish or excellent used in early hip hop and 80s pop culture before spreading globally wack aave for bad inferior uncool popularized in hip hop and later mainstream youth speech as the opposite of cool hella aave intensifier meaning very or a lot of originating in oakland bay area aave in the 1970s 80s cap no cap aave meaning lie and no lie popularized by bay area rap in the 2010s derived from capping exaggerating 1990s 2000s internet adoption ballroom culture slay from aave and black ballroom culture paris is burning 1990 meaning to do something extremely well now mainstream via social media spill the tea from aave originally spill the t with t meaning truth popularized by drag culture and black queer communities shade as in insult from black ballroom culture documented in paris is burning meaning a subtle insult now used broadly in pop culture reading as in insulting from ballroom culture reading someone meaning to publicly insult with wit immortalized in paris is burning kiki aave from ballroom culture meaning a casual gathering for gossip or chatting later mainstreamed through pop music e g kesha fierce aave and ballroom term meaning exceptionally good or intense applied to fashion performance or attitude woke from aave meaning socially and politically aware first used in 1940s black activism before resurging with black lives matter shook aave meaning startled or upset used in 1990s new york hip hop e g mobb deep before mainstream adoption in the 2010s on fleek aave phrase meaning perfectly executed coined in a 2014 vine by peaches monroee one of the last pre ai viral aave innovations finna from aave contraction of fixing to preparing to documented in southern aave for decades before wider use and dictionary recognition chile a phonetic spelling of child in southern aave used as a term of endearment or exclamation since at least the 1970s the wiz 1978 2010s present social media gen z slang pipeline lit aave meaning exciting or excellent originally intoxicated or on fire popularized in hip hop before becoming a gen z staple bae aave term of endearment meaning before anyone else or just a shortened form of babe baby mainstreamed in the 2010s ratchet aave originally meaning a rowdy aggressive woman from wretched later used to describe anything wild or out of control turnt aave meaning excited or intoxicated from turned up in hip hop lyrics mainstreamed in early 2010s party slang clap back aave for a sharp witty comeback or retaliation popularized in hip hop e g ja rule s 2003 song clap back before internet slang bussin aave meaning delicious or excellent applied to food or anything great popularized on tiktok in the 2020s sus aave shortening of suspicious or shady used for decades before among us made it a global meme in 2020 snatched aave originally describing flawless hair makeup or a tight waist now used to praise anything perfectly executed periodt aave emphatic form of period meaning end of discussion with a hard t for emphasis popularized on black twitter before global use bonus my personal favorite aave term that i see used online religiously is receipts aave meaning the proof shown to back up an accustation studyblr langblr linguistics black lives matter black people 57 6 608 8 913 z0ruastudyblr apr 2 english ipa consonants 24 p voiceless bilabial plosive pen spin b voiced bilabial plosive bat web t voiceless alveolar plosive top set d voiced alveolar plosive dog red k voiceless velar plosive cat kite g voiced velar plosive go get tʃ voiceless postalveolar affricate church catch dʒ voiced postalveolar affricate jump badge f voiceless labiodental fricative fish phone v voiced labiodental fricative van of θ voiceless dental fricative thing author ð voiced dental fricative this father s voiceless alveolar fricative sun miss z voiced alveolar fricative zoo rose ʃ voiceless postalveolar fricative ship nation ʒ voiced postalveolar fricative vision measure h voiceless glottal fricative hat who m voiced bilabial nasal man lamb n voiced alveolar nasal no sin ŋ voiced velar nasal sing drink l voiced alveolar lateral approximant light full ɹ voiced alveolar approximant red write w voiced labial velar approximant wet quick j voiced palatal approximant yes union vowels 16 20 i close front unrounded bee see happy ɪ near close near front unrounded bit sit myth eɪ close mid front to close front diphthong bay day ate ɛ open mid front unrounded bed said head æ near open front unrounded bat cat mat ɑ open back unrounded father calm bra ɔ open mid back rounded thought law caught oʊ close mid back to close back diphthong boat go show ʊ near close near back rounded book could put u close back rounded boot flute truth ʌ open mid back unrounded but son love ə mid central unrounded schwa about supply comma ɚ rhotic schwa r colored bird turn learn aɪ open front to close front bite eye high aʊ open front to close back house now out ɔɪ open mid back to close front boy noise employ studyblr langblr linguistics english 1 2 z0ruastudyblr mar 31 thai basics tones the tone you use to say a word changes its meaning completely mid tone mai no tone mark not low tone mài ่ new falling tone mâi ้ burn high tone mái ๊ silk rising tone mǎi ๋ wood consonants vowels thai uses its own alphabet 44 consonants 32 vowels so i will first be practicing transliteration first writing thai with the latin alphabet most thai consonants sound like their english counterparts with some exceptions ง ng like the ng in sing ร r often pronounced as a soft l in casual speech ช ฉ ฌ ch a ch sound but not as hard as in cheese softer like chef thai distinguishes between short and long vowels and changing the length changes the meaning ma short to come maa long dog every sentence you speak should end with a polite particle ครับ kráp used by male speakers a final falling tone often shortened to káp in casual speech ค่ะ kâ used by female speakers a final falling tone hello male sawasdee kráp hello female sawasdee kâ thai grammar is in many ways much simpler than english and you can form basic sentences quickly no verb conjugation verbs never change pai ไป means go went will go going no articles there are no words for a an or the no plural forms nouns don t change nang seu หนังสือ can mean book or books basic sentence structure subject verb object chan gin khao ฉัน กิน ข้าว i eat rice making it negative add mâi ไม่ before the verb chan mâi gin khao ฉัน ไม่ กิน ข้าว i do not eat rice making it a question often just add măi ไหม at the end of a statement tone rises chan gin khao măi ฉัน กิน ข้าว ไหม do you eat rice you rarely use the formal i or you in thai pronouns are chosen based on the gender of the speaker and the social context i me ผม pǒm formal polite for males ดิฉัน dì chǎn formal polite for females ฉัน chǎn common informal for females and sometimes males among friends you คุณ kun the safe polite neutral you for strangers avoid using kun too often with friends it s common to use nicknames kinship terms like pee older sibling or simply omit the pronoun studyblr langblr linguistics thailand thai 3 9 z0ruastudyblr reblogged mar 31 z0ruastudyblr mar 29 follow krashen s second language acquistion theory i the acquisition learning hypothesis the foundational distinction between the subconscious process of acquisition through meaningful interaction like gaining a first language as a child and the conscious process of learning building a body of knowledge like studying grammar ii the monitor hypothesis the monitor is the knowledge gained through learning that checks utterances produced by the acquired system and corrects them 3 conditions are needed time focus on form knowledge of the rule iii the natural order hypothesis suggests that grammatical structures are acquired in a predictable natural order however krashen argued against using this natural order to structure a syllabus especially if the goal is to promote language use iv the input hypothesis input requires what krashen calls comprehensible input or language input that is slightly above the learner s current level of knowledge ck often represented as i 1 if the new information is too great relative to the current knowledge or if the current knowledge is too small the input becomes incomprehensible and acquisition is hindered v the affective filter hypothesis emotional and environmental factors affect acquisition the affective filter is an imaginary barrier that can impede input from reaching the language acquisition device internal noise lack of self confidence anxiety negative past learning experiences external noise distractions from peers traffic noise uncomfortable environment a high affective filter reduces the efficiency of language acquisition and a low affective filter facilitates acquisition the integrated model the language acquisition device lad is the mechanism where comprehensible input i 1 enters it is filtered by the affective filter the acquired system processes it leading to output the learned system monitor can then check and edit that output z0ruastudyblr mar 31 while research confirms that implicit subconscious knowledge acquisition and explicit conscious knowledge learning are distinct mental processes it does not support krashen s claim that l2 acquisition functions identically to l1 acquisition the key differences can be summarized as l1 implicit acquisition from natural exposure is the primary and sufficient mechanism explicit learning is unnecessary l2 implicit acquisition is often insufficient especially for adult learners or those with limited exposure explicit learning noticing and form focused instruction play significant positive roles in developing accuracy and ultimate attainment while krashen was correct to highlight the importance of subconscious acquisition his sharp distinction between the two systems and his assertion that l2 acquisition mirrors l1 acquisition have been largely rejected by subsequent research 2 2 3 z0ruastudyblr mar 29 krashen s second language acquistion theory i the acquisition learning hypothesis the foundational distinction between the subconscious process of acquisition through meaningful interaction like gaining a first language as a child and the conscious process of learning building a body of knowledge like studying grammar ii the monitor hypothesis the monitor is the knowledge gained through learning that checks utterances produced by the acquired system and corrects them 3 conditions are needed time focus on form knowledge of the rule iii the natural order hypothesis suggests that grammatical structures are acquired in a predictable natural order however krashen argued against using this natural order to structure a syllabus especially if the goal is to promote language use iv the input hypothesis input requires what krashen calls comprehensible input or language input that is slightly above the learner s current level of knowledge ck often represented as i 1 if the new information is too great relative to the current knowledge or if the current knowledge is too small the input becomes incomprehensible and acquisition is hindered v the affective filter hypothesis emotional and environmental factors affect acquisition the affective filter is an imaginary barrier that can impede input from reaching the language acquisition device internal noise lack of self confidence anxiety negative past learning experiences external noise distractions from peers traffic noise uncomfortable environment a high affective filter reduces the efficiency of language acquisition and a low affective filter facilitates acquisition the integrated model the language acquisition device lad is the mechanism where comprehensible input i 1 enters it is filtered by the affective filter the acquired system processes it leading to output the learned system monitor can then check and edit that output studyblr langblr linguistics english 2 2 3 z0ruastudyblr mar 27 did you know that there are 293 writing systems in the world source worldswritingsystems org of all the systems the latin alphabet is used by 4 9 billion people 70 of the world s population latin 4 9 billion english spanish vietnamese chinese han 1 54 billion china japan korea arabic 828 million middle east north africa devanagari 480 million hindi nepali cyrillic 350 million russian ukrainian bengali 300 million bangladesh india japanese kana 123 million japan telugu 83 million southern india hangul 81 million korea tamil 78 million india sri lanka and did you know that only about half 162 of all writing systems can be typed in unicode combining this information with what i learned about 50 of all information online being in english i kinda think my late in life purpose might be helping endangered scripts figure out how to digitize themsevles because apparently it s a really long process and the unicode consortium has to be asked to include you they won t just find you sometimes though indigenous languages do not want to be found an example of this i read about is nigerian nsibidi an indigenous system from southeastern nigeria that s been around since anywhere from 1400 bc to 400 ad and is primarily an ideograph or pictograph rather than an alphabet apparently because it is highly contextual to their society and especially used to be used for secret societies cool studyblr langblr linguistics english nsibidi 8 19 z0ruastudyblr reblogged mar 26 mawofthemagnetar mar 22 follow cold take but all languages are beautiful actually every single one every single human language on earth is a collection of stories interwoven into the very fabric of the words that are spoken oh but this language sounds scary have you heard a child speak it while pointing at a butterfly oh but this language sounds silly have you heard someone s gr...