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ѣньскъ ⱄⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱐⱄⰽⱏ чӑвашла cymraeg dansk dagbanli deutsch zazaki dolnoserbski kadazandusun डोटेली ދިވެހިބަސް ཇོང ཁ eʋegbe ελληνικά emiliàn e rumagnòl esperanto español eesti euskara estremeñu فارسی fulfulde suomi võro na vosa vakaviti føroyskt français arpetan nordfriisk furlan frysk gaeilge gagauz kriyòl gwiyannen gàidhlig galego گیلکی avañe ẽ गोंयची कोंकणी gõychi konknni 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 ગુજરાતી gaelg hausa 客家語 hak kâ ngî hawaiʻi עברית हिन्दी fiji hindi hrvatski hornjoserbsce kreyòl ayisyen magyar հայերեն արեւմտահայերէն interlingua jaku iban bahasa indonesia interlingue igbo ilokano гӏалгӏай ido íslenska italiano ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ inuktitut 日本語 patois la lojban jawa ქართული qaraqalpaqsha taqbaylit karai karai адыгэбзэ kabɩyɛ tyap kumoring gĩkũyũ қазақша ភាសាខ្មែរ ಕನ್ನಡ yerwa kanuri 한국어 къарачай малкъар کٲشُر kurdî коми kernowek кыргызча latina ladino lëtzebuergesch лезги lingua franca nova limburgs ligure ladin lombard ລາວ lietuvių latviešu मगही मैथिली malagasy māori minangkabau македонски മലയാളം монгол ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ ဘာသာမန် मराठी кырык мары bahasa melayu malti mirandés မြန်မာဘာသာ эрзянь مازِرونی napulitano nedersaksies plattdüütsch नेपाली नेपाल भाषा nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål novial nouormand sesotho sa leboa nupe diné bizaad occitan livvinkarjala oromoo ирон ਪੰਜਾਬੀ kapampangan papiamentu picard naijá polski piemontèis پنجابی ποντιακά nawat پښتو português runa simi rumantsch ikirundi română armãneashti tarandíne русский русиньскый ikinyarwanda संस्कृतम् саха тыла ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ sardu sicilianu scots سنڌي davvisámegiella sängö srpskohrvatski српскохрватски တႆး සිංහල simple english slovenčina slovenščina gagana samoa anarâškielâ chishona soomaaliga shqip српски srpski seeltersk sunda svenska kiswahili ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ślůnski sakizaya தமிழ் tayal ತುಳು తెలుగు tetun тоҷикӣ ไทย ትግርኛ türkmençe tagalog tolışi lea faka tonga toki pona tok pisin türkçe seediq xitsonga татарча tatarça chitumbuka reo tahiti удмурт ئۇيغۇرچە uyghurche українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча vèneto vepsän kel tiếng việt west vlams volapük walon winaray wolof 吴语 isixhosa მარგალური ייִדיש yorùbá vahcuengh zeêuws 文言 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 isizulu edit links article talk english read view source view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read view source view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects abstract wikipedia wikimedia commons wikinews wikiquote wikivoyage wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 42 s 173 e 42 s 173 e 42 173 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia island country in the pacific ocean this article is about the country for other uses see new zealand disambiguation nz redirects here for other uses see nz disambiguation new zealand aotearoa māori flag coat of arms anthems god defend new zealand māori aotearoa god save the king n 1 māori me tohu e te atua location of new zealand including outlying islands its territorial claim in the antarctic and tokelau capital wellington 41 18 s 174 47 e 41 300 s 174 783 e 41 300 174 783 largest city auckland 36 52 s 174 45 e 36 867 s 174 750 e 36 867 174 750 official languages english n 2 māori nz sign language ethnic groups 2023 3 n 3 67 8 european 19 6 māori 17 3 asian 8 9 pacific peoples 1 9 me la african 1 1 other religion 2023 4 51 6 no religion 32 3 christianity n 4 2 9 hinduism 6 3 other 6 9 undeclared demonyms new zealander kiwi colloquial aotearoan rare 5 government unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy monarch charles iii governor general cindy kiro prime minister christopher luxon legislature parliament stages of independence from the united kingdom treaty of waitangi 6 6 february 1840 responsible government 7 may 1856 dominion 26 september 1907 balfour declaration 15 november 1926 statute of westminster adoption act 25 november 1947 constitution act 1986 1 january 1987 area total 263 310 7 km 2 101 660 sq mi 75th water 1 6 n 5 population september 2026 estimate 5 357 000 9 121st 2023 census 4 993 923 3 density 19 9 km 2 51 5 sq mi 204th gdp ppp 2026 estimate total 312 297 billion 10 68th per capita 58 308 10 36th gdp nominal 2026 estimate total 278 636 billion 10 52nd per capita 52 023 10 23rd gini 2022 30 0 11 medium inequality hdi 2023 0 938 12 very high 17th currency new zealand dollar nzd time zone utc 12 nzst n 6 summer dst utc 13 nzdt n 7 date format dd mm yyyy 14 calling code 64 iso 3166 code nz internet tld nz new zealand māori aotearoa pronounced aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ⓘ is an island country in the southwestern pacific ocean it comprises two main landmasses the north island te ika a māui and the south island te waipounamu and over 700 smaller islands it is the sixth largest island country by area and lies east of australia across the tasman sea and south of the islands of new caledonia fiji and tonga the country s varied topography and sharp mountain peaks including the southern alps kā tiritiri o te moana owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions new zealand s capital city is wellington and its most populous city is auckland the islands of new zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans between about 1280 and 1350 polynesians began to settle in the islands and subsequently developed a distinctive māori culture in 1642 the dutch explorer abel tasman became the first european to sight and record new zealand in 1769 the british explorer captain james cook became the first european to set foot on and map new zealand in 1840 representatives of the united kingdom and māori chiefs signed the treaty of waitangi which paved the way for britain s declaration of sovereignty later that year and the establishment of the colony of new zealand in 1841 subsequently a series of conflicts between the colonial government and māori tribes resulted in the alienation and confiscation of large amounts of māori land new zealand became a dominion in 1907 it gained full statutory independence in 1947 retaining the monarch as head of state today the majority of new zealand s population of around 5 3 million is of european descent the indigenous māori are the largest minority followed by asians and pasifika reflecting this new zealand s culture mainly derives from māori and early british settlers but has recently broadened from increased immigration the official languages are english māori and new zealand sign language with the local dialect of english being dominant a developed country new zealand was the first to introduce a minimum wage and to give women the right to vote recognised as a middle power new zealand ranks very highly in international measures of quality of life and human rights and has one of the lowest levels of perceived corruption in the world it retains visible levels of inequality including structural disparities between its māori and european populations during the 1980s new zealand underwent major economic changes that transformed it from a protectionist to a liberalised free trade economy the service sector dominates the country s economy followed by the industrial sector and agriculture international tourism is also a significant source of revenue new zealand and australia have a strong relationship and are considered to share a strong trans tasman identity stemming from centuries of british colonisation the country is part of multiple international organisations and forums nationally legislative authority is vested in an elected unicameral parliament while executive political power is exercised by the government led by the prime minister currently christopher luxon charles iii is the country s king and is represented by the governor general cindy kiro new zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes the realm of new zealand also includes tokelau a dependent territory the cook islands and niue self governing states in free association with new zealand and the ross dependency which is new zealand s territorial claim in antarctica etymology further information new zealand place names detail from a 1666 map showing the western coastline of nova zeelandia on this map north is at the bottom the first european visitor to new zealand dutch explorer abel tasman named the islands staten land believing they were part of the staten landt that jacob le maire had sighted off the southern end of south america 15 16 the next year in 1643 hendrik brouwer proved that the south american land was just a small island and dutch cartographers subsequently renamed tasman s discovery nova zeelandia from latin after the dutch province of zeeland 15 17 this name was later anglicised to new zealand 18 19 this was written as nu tireni in the māori language spelt nu tirani in te tiriti o waitangi in 1834 a document written in māori he wakaputanga o te rangatiratanga o nu tireni was translated into english and became the declaration of the independence of new zealand it was prepared by te w h akaminenga o nga rangatiratanga o nga hapu o nu tireni the united tribes of new zealand and a copy was sent to king william iv who had already acknowledged the flag of the united tribes of new zealand and who recognised the declaration in a letter from lord glenelg 20 21 aotearoa pronounced māori pronunciation aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ⓘ in māori and ˌ aʊ t ɛəˈr oʊ ə in english often translated as land of the long white cloud 22 is the present māori name for new zealand aotearoa originally referred to just the north island māori had no known name for the islands collectively before the arrival of europeans 23 māori had several traditional names for the two main islands including te ika a māui the fish of māui for the north island and te waipounamu the waters of greenstone or te waka o aoraki the canoe of aoraki for the south island 24 early european maps labelled the islands north north island middle south island and south stewart island rakiura 25 in 1830 mapmakers began to use north and south on their maps to distinguish the two largest islands and by 1907 this was the accepted norm 19 the new zealand geographic board discovered in 2009 that the names of the north island and south island had never been formalised and names and alternative names were formalised in 2013 this set the names as north island or te ika a māui and south island or te waipounamu 26 for each island either its english or māori name can be used or both can be used together 26 similarly the māori and english names for the whole country are sometimes used together aotearoa new zealand 27 28 however this has no official recognition 29 history main article history of new zealand for a chronological guide see timeline of new zealand history the māori people descend from polynesians whose ancestors emigrated from taiwan to melanesia between 3000 and 1000 bce and then travelled east reaching the society islands c 1000 ce after a pause of 200 to 300 years a new wave of exploration led to the discovery and settlement of new zealand 30 31 32 early settlements the first people to reach new zealand were polynesians in oceangoing waka who are believed to have arrived in several waves between about 1280 and 1350 according to most māori oral traditions the islands were first discovered by the semi legendary explorer kupe while in pursuit of a giant octopus 33 these traditions hold that kupe was followed by a great fleet of settlers who set out from hawaiki in eastern polynesia around 1350 34 the existence of a single great fleet that settled new zealand has since been superseded by the belief that the majority of settlement was a planned and deliberate event that occurred over several decades 35 36 37 38 39 the exact date of this settlement is unclear with recent sources favouring settlement in the 14th century while mitochondrial dna variability within māori populations suggests that new zealand was first settled between 1250 and 1300 24 40 41 no human remains artefacts or structures can be reliably dated to earlier than the kaharoa eruption of mount tarawera around 1314 42 this scenario is also consistent with a debated third line of oral evidence 43 traditional genealogies whakapapa that point to around 1350 as a probable arrival date for several of the migratory waka canoes from which many māori trace their descent 44 45 some māori later migrated to the chatham islands where they developed their distinct moriori culture 46 a later 1835 invasion by māori iwi resulted in the massacre and virtual extinction of the moriori 47 in a hostile 1642 encounter between ngāti tūmatakōkiri and abel tasman s crew 48 49 four of tasman s crew members were killed and at least one māori was hit by canister shot 50 europeans did not revisit new zealand until 1769 when british explorer james cook mapped almost the entire coastline 49 following cook new zealand was visited by numerous european and north american whaling sealing and trading ships they traded european food metal tools weapons and other goods for timber māori food artefacts and water 51 19th century the introduction of the potato and the musket transformed māori agriculture and warfare potatoes provided a reliable food surplus which enabled longer and more sustained military campaigns 52 the resulting intertribal musket wars encompassed over 600 battles between 1801 and 1840 killing 30 000 40 000 māori 53 from the early 19th century christian missionaries began to settle new zealand eventually converting most of the māori population 54 the māori population declined to around 40 of its pre contact level during the 19th century introduced diseases were the major factor 55 the waitangi sheet from the treaty of waitangi the british government appointed james busby as british resident to new zealand in 1832 56 his duties given to him by governor bourke in sydney were to protect settlers and traders of good standing prevent outrages against māori and apprehend escaped convicts 56 57 in 1835 following an announcement of impending french settlement by charles de thierry the nebulous united tribes of new zealand sent a declaration of independence to king william iv of the united kingdom asking for protection 56 the colonial office sent captain william hobson to claim british sovereignty and negotiate a treaty with the māori prompted by growing unrest the new zealand company s land buying survey and the legal ambiguity of the 1835 declaration of independence 58 the treaty of waitangi was first signed in the bay of islands on 6 february 1840 59 in response to the new zealand company s attempts to establish an independent settlement in wellington 60 61 hobson declared british sovereignty over all of new zealand on 21 may 1840 even though copies of the treaty were still circulating throughout the country for māori to sign 62 with the signing of the treaty and declaration of sovereignty the number of immigrants particularly from the united kingdom began to increase 63 new zealand was administ...
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