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ter for religion peace and world affairs archived from the original on 21 march 2023 retrieved 16 august 2023 toosi nahal 18 february 2016 the pope flashes his political passions politico archived from the original on 5 december 2022 retrieved 16 august 2023 judt tony 2006 postwar a history of europe since 1945 new york penguin books pp 584 595 isbn 978 0 14 303775 0 andersen martin 19 october 1984 chile argentina sign protocol on beagle washington post issn 0190 8286 archived from the original on 2 december 2015 retrieved 16 august 2023 hooper john 17 december 2014 pope francis and the vatican played key roles in us cuba thaw leaders reveal the guardian issn 0261 3077 archived from the original on 14 june 2023 retrieved 16 august 2023 chandler adam 17 december 2014 how the pope helped bring the united states and cuba together the atlantic archived from the original on 28 january 2023 retrieved 16 august 2023 dworkin anthony iliopoulos katherine the international criminal court bashir 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archived from the original on 5 july 2013 retrieved 25 june 2013 saint peter the first pope successors of peter part 1 archived from the original on 30 april 2023 retrieved 30 april 2023 annuario pontificio 2012 libreria editrice vaticana 2012 isbn 978 88 209 8722 0 p 11 annuario pontificio 2012 libreria editrice vaticana 2012 isbn 978 88 209 8722 0 p 12 bibliography barry rev msgr john f 2002 one faith one lord a study of basic catholic belief new york william h sadlier isbn 978 0 8215 2207 3 bokenkotter thomas 2004 a concise history of the catholic church new york doubleday isbn 978 0 385 50584 0 chadwick henry 1990 the early christian community in john mcmanners ed the oxford illustrated history of christianity oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 822928 5 duffy eamon 1997 saints and sinners a history of the popes yale university press isbn 978 0 300 07332 4 durant william james 1980 1950 the story of civilization vol iv the age of faith a history of medieval civilization christian islamic and judaic from constantine to dante a d 325 1300 new york simon schuster isbn 978 0 671 01200 7 durant william james 1980 1957 the story of civilization vol vi the reformation new york simon schuster isbn 978 0 671 61050 0 franzen august dolan john 1969 a history of the church herder and herder granfield patrick 1987 the limits of the papacy authority and autonomy in the church new york crossroad isbn 978 0 8245 0839 5 grisar hartmann 1912 history of rome and the popes in the middle ages london kegan paul trench trübner oclc 11025456 john paul ii pope 22 february 1996 universi dominici gregis vatican publishing house archived from the original on 8 april 2012 retrieved 15 march 2020 kelly j n 1986 oxford dictionary of the popes prentice hall isbn 978 0 19 190935 1 kerr william shaw 1950 a handbook on the papacy london marshall morgan scott oclc 51018118 küng hans 2003 the catholic church a short history random house isbn 978 0 8129 6762 3 loomis louise ropes 2006 1916 the book of the popes liber pontificalis to the pontificate of gregory i merchantville new jersey evolution publishing isbn 978 1 889758 86 2 noble thomas strauss barry 2005 western civilization houghton mifflin isbn 978 0 618 43277 6 orlandis josé 1993 a short history of the catholic church scepter isbn 978 1 85182 125 9 pastor ludwig von 1891 1930 the history of the popes from the close of the middle ages drawn from the secret archives of the vatican and other original sources london j hodges oclc 270566224 walsh james joseph 1908 the popes and science the history of the papal relations to science during the middle ages and down to our own time new york fordham university press oclc 08015255 archived from the original on 25 january 2022 retrieved 15 august 2015 further reading brusher joseph s 1959 popes through the ages princeton nj van nostrand oclc 742355324 chamberlin e r 1969 the bad popes new york dial press oclc 647415773 dollison john 1994 pope pourri new york simon schuster isbn 978 0 671 88615 8 maxwell stuart p g 1997 chronicle of the popes the reign by reign record of the papacy from st peter to the present london thames and hudson isbn 978 0 500 01798 2 norwich john julius 2011 the popes a history london chatto windus isbn 978 0 7011 8290 8 rollo koster joëlle ventresca robert a eichbauer melodie h pattenden miles eds 2025 the cambridge history of the papacy cambridge united kingdom cambridge university press external links wikimedia commons has media related to papae category wikisource has the text of the 1913 catholic encyclopedia article pope wikisource has the text of the 1911 encyclopædia britannica article papacy the holy father vatican webpage about past and present popes since pope leo xiii links to related articles v t e popes of the catholic church list of popes graphical canonised papal names tombs extant non extant antipope pope emeritus papal resignation pope elect apocryphal pope donus ii 1st 4th centuries peter linus anacletus clement i evaristus alexander i sixtus i telesphorus hyginus pius i anicetus soter eleutherius victor i zephyrinus callixtus i urban i pontian anterus fabian cornelius lucius i stephen i sixtus ii dionysius felix i eutychian caius marcellinus marcellus i eusebius miltiades sylvester i mark julius i liberius damasus i siricius anastasius i 5th 8th centuries innocent i zosimus boniface i celestine i sixtus iii leo i hilarius simplicius felix iii gelasius i anastasius ii symmachus hormisdas john i felix iv boniface ii john ii agapetus i silverius vigilius pelagius i john iii benedict i pelagius ii gregory i sabinian boniface iii boniface iv adeodatus i boniface v honorius i severinus john iv theodore i martin i eugene i vitalian adeodatus ii donus agatho leo ii benedict ii john v conon sergius i john vi john vii sisinnius constantine gregory ii gregory iii zachary stephen ii paul i stephen iii adrian i leo iii 9th 12th centuries stephen iv paschal i eugene ii valentine gregory iv sergius ii leo iv benedict iii nicholas i adrian ii john viii marinus i adrian iii stephen v formosus boniface vi stephen vi romanus theodore ii john ix benedict iv leo v sergius iii anastasius iii lando john x leo vi stephen vii john xi leo vii stephen viii marinus ii agapetus ii john xii benedict v leo viii john xiii benedict vi benedict vii john xiv john xv gregory v sylvester ii john xvii john xviii sergius iv benedict viii john xix benedict ix sylvester iii gregory vi clement ii damasus ii leo ix victor ii stephen ix nicholas ii alexander ii gregory vii victor iii urban ii paschal ii gelasius ii callixtus ii honorius ii innocent ii celestine ii lucius ii eugene iii anastasius iv adrian iv alexander iii lucius iii urban iii gregory viii clement iii celestine iii innocent iii 13th 16th centuries honorius iii gregory ix celestine iv innocent iv alexander iv urban iv clement iv gregory x innocent v adrian v john xxi nicholas iii martin iv honorius iv nicholas iv celestine v boniface viii benedict xi clement v john xxii benedict xii clement vi innocent vi urban v gregory xi urban vi boniface ix innocent vii gregory xii martin v eugene iv nicholas v callixtus iii pius ii paul ii sixtus iv innocent viii alexander vi pius iii julius ii leo x adrian vi clement vii paul iii julius iii marcellus ii paul iv pius iv pius v gregory xiii sixtus v urban vii gregory xiv innocent ix clement viii 17th 21st centuries leo xi paul v gregory xv urban viii innocent x alexander vii clement ix clement x innocent xi alexander viii innocent xii clement xi innocent xiii benedict xiii clement xii benedict xiv clement xiii clement xiv pius vi pius vii leo xii pius viii gregory xvi pius ix leo xiii pius x benedict xv pius xi pius xii john xxiii paul vi john paul i john paul ii benedict xvi francis leo xiv history of the papacy antiquity and early middle ages during the roman empire until 493 under constantine 312 337 ostrogothic papacy 493 537 byzantine papacy 537 752 frankish papacy 756 857 saeculum obscurum 904 964 crescentii era 974 1012 high and late middle ages tusculan papacy 1012 1044 1048 conflicts with the hre 1048 1257 wandering papacy viterbo 1257 1281 orvieto 1262 1297 perugia 1228 1304 avignon papacy 1309 1378 western schism 1378 1417 early modern and modern era papacy during the renaissance 1417 1534 papacy during the reformation 1534 1585 baroque papacy 1585 1689 age of enlightenment c 1640 1740 revolutionary papacy 1775 1848 roman question 1870 1929 vatican city 1929 present world war ii 1939 1945 cold war 1945 1992 category portal v t e papacy episcopate of the bishop of rome jurisdiction holy see full communion pope leo xiv as bishop of the diocese of rome primacy history vatican city index outline enclaved in rome italy lateran treaty 1929 along with extraterritorial properties of the holy see headquarters vatican city apostolic palace papal apartments sistine chapel italy archbasilica of saint john lateran cathedra major basilicas archbasilica of saint john lateran st peter s basilica basilica of saint mary major basilica of saint paul outside the walls titles papal names his holiness bishop of rome vicar of jesus christ successor of the prince of the apostles supreme pontiff of the universal church patriarch of the west primate of italy archbishop and metropolitan of the roman province sovereign of the vatican city state servant of the servants of god symbols coats of arms coat of arms of the holy see cross keys of heaven regalia and insignia rota umbraculum proclamations infallibility apostolic constitution bull list encyclical apostolic exhortation ecclesiastical letter interdict activities arbitration deposition blessing pontifical urbi et orbi conclave list coronation consistory diplomacy inauguration mass high mass travel vestments camauro falda fanon ferula flabellum mantle mitre mozzetta pallium ring of the fisherman shoes slippers subcinctorium tiara list zucchetto transportation popemobile sedia gestatoria shepherd one household camerlengo commander of the swiss guard chaplain palatinus papal majordomo gentlemen preacher prefect prelate of honour prince assistant theologian staff college of cardinals cardinals list roman curia apostolic camera commissions for vatican city state councils congregations dicasteries synods cappella giulia sistine chapel choir related antipope western schism canonised popes fat pope thin pope gammarelli legends orders decorations and medals papabile papal nobility black pontifical academy pontifical colleges in rome major seminary pontifical university in rome popes by country privilège du blanc sexually active popes st peter s square swiss guard vatican city portal catholic church portal v t e catholic church index outline glossary lists of catholics history timeline ecclesiastical legal early church jesus christ ministry crucifixion resurrection great commission apostles succession petrine primacy church fathers apostolic fathers history of the papacy primacy great church ante nicene period constantine...
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