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livian sign language subsection 1 1 history 2 burundian sign language 3 costa rican sign language 4 dominican sign language 5 francophone african sign language toggle francophone african sign language subsection 5 1 characteristics 5 2 location 6 haitian sign language 7 ghanaian sign language 8 greek sign language 9 indonesian sign languages 10 jamaican sign language 11 malaysian sign language 12 moroccan sign language 13 nigerian sign language 14 panamanian sign language 15 philippine sign language 16 puerto rican sign language 17 sierra leonean sign language 18 selangor sign language 19 singapore sign language 20 thai sign language 21 see also 22 references 23 bibliography toggle the table of contents varieties of american sign language 7 languages العربية dagaare fulfulde hausa igbo kiswahili татарча tatarça edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from puerto rican sign language dialects and descendants of american sign language this article has multiple issues please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page learn how and when to remove these messages this article may require cleanup to meet wikipedia s quality standards the specific problem is cite error invalid ref tag name glottolog defined multiple times with different content see the help page please help improve this article if you can february 2016 learn how and when to remove this message this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources varieties of american sign language news newspapers books scholar jstor november 2025 learn how and when to remove this message learn how and when to remove this message varieties and descendants of asl are used throughout the caribbean west and central africa and southeast asia map of north american francosign languages including varieties of asl covered by the dashed line american sign language asl developed in the united states starting as a blend of local sign languages and french sign language fsl 1 local varieties have developed in many countries but there is little research on which should be considered dialects of asl such as bolivian sign language and which have diverged to the point of being distinct languages such as malaysian sign language the following are sign language varieties of asl in countries other than the us and canada languages based on asl with substratum influence from local sign languages and mixed languages in which asl is a component distinction follow political boundaries which may not correspond to linguistic boundaries bolivian sign language edit bolivian sign language lengua de señas bolivianas lsb native to bolivia native speakers 22 600 2008 2 language family french sign american sign bolivian sign language language codes iso 639 3 bvl glottolog boli1236 elp bolivian sign language bolivian sign language lengua de señas bolivianas lsb is a dialect of american sign language asl used predominantly by the deaf in bolivia history edit in 1973 american sign language was brought to bolivia by eleanor and lloyd powlison missionaries from the united states 3 an indigenous sign language or perhaps sign languages existed before the introduction and adoption of american sign language though it is unknown how widespread or unified it was 4 the first book of lsb was published in 1992 but more than 90 of the signs were from asl 5 due to research work in the 1990s and 2000s a lot of expressions in lsb were collected by bolivian deaf and education materials for learning lsb or teaching in lsb were published the dependence on words used in asl was reduced but the usage of asl words still is over 70 today lsb is used by more deaf bolivians than the reported 400 in 1988 in the ethnologue report 2 due to the introduction of bilingual education lsb as primary language and spanish as secondary language originally in riberalta and its adoption to other schools in bolivia with the support of the education ministry of bolivia and the growing social exchange of the deaf in 1988 there were a total of 9 deaf institutions in the country and 46 800 deaf bolivians 2 in 2002 there were approximately 25 deaf schools 5 burundian sign language edit burundian sign language langue des signes burundaise native to burundi native speakers 5 000 2020 to estimated 35 000 70 000 2021 6 language family american sign burundian sign language language codes iso 639 3 lsb glottolog buru1325 burundi sign language burundian sign language lsb is the national sign language of burundi s deaf community it dates from andrew foster s introduction of asl into burundi but has diverged since mouthing and initialization are mostly based on french asl signers from the us are reported to have a hard time understanding videos in lsb and lsb signers have a hard time understanding asl videos and burundian deaf consider their language to be distinct from asl and from neighboring sign languages such as ugandan and rwandan sign 7 costa rican sign language edit costa rican sign language new costa rican sign language native to costa rica native speakers estimated 10 000 20 000 2021 8 language family creole of american sign french family and old costa rican sign language codes iso 639 3 csr glottolog cost1249 costa rican sign language also known new costa rican sign language or modern costa rican sign language is the national sign language of costa rica s deaf community it is used primarily by people born after 1960 and is about 60 cognate with american sign language woodward 1991 1992 it is unrelated to two known village sign languages of costa rica bribri sign language and brunca sign language 9 10 dominican sign language edit dominican sign language native to dominican republic native speakers estimated 21 000 43 000 2021 11 language family french sign american sign dominican sign language language codes iso 639 3 doq glottolog domi1236 dominican sign language dgs is a local variant of american sign language asl used in the dominican republic many deaf dominicans use home sign and are not fluent in dominican sign language dominican sign language originated from french sign language lsf which was introduced to dominica by french missionaries and combined with local gesture traditions therefore it has many similarities with french sign language there may also be some differences in grammatical structure between dominican sign language and american sign language for example there may be differences in sentence structure verb morphology and word order francophone african sign language edit this section includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations please help improve this section by introducing more precise citations april 2013 learn how and when to remove this message francophone african sign language native to ivory coast benin cameroon gabon and other areas of francophone west and central africa native speakers 12 500 in benin 2008 100 000 est 60 000 120 000 in burkina faso 2021 est 14 000 28 000 in car 2021 est 16 000 32 000 in congo 2021 2 000 2008 to 7 000 2021 in gabon est 38 000 76 000 in guinea 2021 12 est 77 000 155 000 in ivory coast 2021 est 20 000 35 000 in mali 2021 est 24 000 48 000 in togo 2021 no data elsewhere 13 language family french sign american sign francophone african sign language language codes iso 639 3 none mis individual code gus guinean sign language glottolog guin1250 guinean sign language lang1335 langue des signes zairoise francophone african sign language langue des signes d afrique francophone or lsaf is the variety or varieties of american sign language asl used in several francophone countries of africa education for the deaf in these countries is based on asl and written french there is therefore a french influence on the language of the classroom 14 with the exception of algerian sign language the sign languages of francophone africa are unrelated to french sign language except indirectly through their derivation from asl this is because most schools for the deaf in the region were founded by the american missionary andrew foster or by his students starting in 1974 chadian sign language may be closest to nigerian sign language a few countries have languages unrelated to either madagascar sign language derives from norwegian sl and tunisian sign language is apparently a language isolate citation needed the relationship of lsaf to standard american sign language has not been systematically assessed 13 for instance gabonese sign language has diverged and may be a separate language 13 and togo sign language is not mutually intelligible with standard american sign language 13 characteristics edit as in other african derivations of asl the language has been affected by local gestures and conventions this is especially true of taboo topics such as sex 15 as an example of the french influence on francophone asl the word for she is made by pointing with an l shaped hand rather than with a simple index finger because the name of the letter el is homonymous with elle she in french it is not clear to what extent such influence continues outside the classroom citation needed location edit francophone african countries which use asl as the language of deaf instruction are citation needed senegal mauritania mali guinea ivory coast burkina faso togo benin niger chad from nigeria central african republic gabon republic of congo brazzaville from nigeria democratic republic of congo kinshasa french sign language is also used burundi morocco haitian sign language edit haitian sign language langue des signes haïtienne native to haiti native speakers 40 000 2008 13 language family french sign american sign haitian sign language language codes iso 639 3 glottolog hait1245 this section needs expansion you can help by adding missing information august 2022 while american sign language is sometimes used in the haitian deaf community it is not the most prominent in haiti the local variant haitian sign language or lsh langue des signes haïtienne is the sign language variant most often used there are five government run schools for deaf children and lsh is used and spread through these schools and other social areas for the deaf community historically lsh has not been widely documented or recognized leading to the creation of the lshdop the haitian sign language documentation project this project is run by the haitian deaf community in collaboration with gallaudet university 16 ghanaian sign language edit ghanaian sign language native to ghana native speakers estimated 91 000 182 000 2021 17 language family french sign american sign ghanaian sign language language codes iso 639 3 gse glottolog ghan1235 ghanaian sign language in action ghanaian sign language is the national sign language of deaf people in ghana descended from american sign language 17 18 it was introduced in 1957 by andrew foster a deaf african american missionary as there had been no education or organizations for the deaf previously foster went on to establish the first school for the deaf in nigeria a few years later and nigerian sign language shows influence from gsl gsl is unrelated to indigenous ghanaian sign languages such as adamorobe sign language and nanabin sign language there are currently fourteen schools for the deaf in ghana thirteen primary schools and two secondary schools in ghana one at akuapim mampong the other at navrongo 19 gsl is supported by the ghana national association of the deaf which has their headquarters in accra the bible society of ghana has started translation of the bible into ghanaian sign language greek sign language edit this section is an excerpt from greek sign language edit greek sign language greek ελληνική νοηματική γλώσσα romanized ellinikí noimatikí glóssa eng is a sign language used by the greek deaf community indonesian sign languages edit this section is an excerpt from indonesian sign language edit indonesian sign language indonesian bahasa isyarat indonesia bisindo is any of several related deaf sign languages of indonesia at least on the island of java it is based on american sign language with local admixture in different cities although presented as a coherent language when advocating for recognition by the indonesian government and use in education the varieties used in different cities may not be mutually intelligible jamaican sign language edit jamaican sign language jsl native to jamaica native speakers 7 500 2011 20 language family french sign american sign jamaican sign language language codes iso 639 3 jls glottolog jama1263 jamaican sign language jsl is a local variant of american sign language used in jamaica it is supplanting the indigenous jamaican country sign language malaysian sign language edit this section is an excerpt from malaysian sign language edit malaysian sign language malay bahasa isyarat malaysia or bim is the principal language of the deaf community of malaysia it is also the official sign language used by the malaysian government to communicate with the deaf community and was officially recognized by the malaysian government in 2008 as a means to officially communicate with and among the deaf particularly on official broadcasts and announcements bim has many dialects differing from state to state 21 moroccan sign language edit main article moroccan sign language moroccan sign language msl native to morocco region tetouan native speakers 63 000 2008 22 language family french sign american sign based creole moroccan sign language language codes iso 639 3 xms glottolog moro1242 moroccan sign language msl is the language of the deaf community of tetouan and some other cities of morocco american peace corps volunteers created moroccan sign language in 1987 in tetouan from american sign language asl and the existing signs there is less than a 50 lexical similarity with asl it is not clear if the existing signs were home sign or an established village sign language the language is used in three programs for the deaf but not throughout the country it is not used in the large cities of rabat tangier or casablanca for example in oujda near the algerian border algerian sign language is used or at least the local sign language has been strongly influenced by it 22 nigerian sign language edit nigerian sign language native to nigeria chad republic of congo native speakers 2 800 2008 to estimated 48 000 96 000 2021 in chad 23 estimated 600 000 1 000 000 in nigeria 2021 24 language family french sign american sign nigerian sign l...
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