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effectively barred from visiting the western wall despite article viii of the 1949 armistice agreement which required making arrangements for israeli jewish access to it 233 jewish holy sites were not maintained and jewish cemeteries had been desecrated after the annexation to israel each religious group was granted administration over its holy sites for the first time since 1948 jews could visit the old city of jerusalem and pray at the western wall the holiest site where jews are permitted to pray an event celebrated every year on yom yerushalayim 234 the temple mount home to the al aqsa compound is the holiest site in jewish tradition but has been under sole administration of the jordanian muslim waqf and jews are barred from praying there though they are allowed to visit 235 236 in hebron jews gained access to the cave of the patriarchs the second holiest site in judaism for the first time since the 14th century previously jews were allowed to pray only at the entrance 237 238 other jewish holy sites such as rachel s tomb in bethlehem and joseph s tomb in nablus also became accessible 239 the war inspired the jewish diaspora which was swept up in overwhelming support for israel according to michael oren the war enabled american jews to walk with their backs straight and flex their political muscle as never before american jewish organizations which had previously kept israel at arm s length suddenly proclaimed their zionism 240 thousands of jewish immigrants arrived from western countries such as the united states united kingdom canada france and south africa after the war many of them returned to their countries of origin after a few years one survey found that 58 of american jews who immigrated to israel between 1961 and 1972 returned to the united states nevertheless immigration to israel of jews from western countries which was previously only a trickle was a significant force for the first time 241 242 most notably the war stirred zionist passions among jews in the soviet union who by that time had been forcibly assimilated many soviet jews applied for exit visas and began protesting for their right to immigrate to israel after diplomatic pressure from the west the soviet government began granting jews exit visas in growing numbers from 1970 to 1988 some 291 000 soviet jews were granted exit visas of whom 165 000 immigrated to israel and 126 000 to the united states 243 the great rise in jewish pride in the wake of israel s victory also fueled the beginnings of the baal teshuva movement the return of secular jews to religious judaism 244 245 246 the war gave impetus to a campaign in which the leader of the hasidic lubavitch movement directed his male followers around the world to wear tefillin small leather boxes during morning prayers 247 248 jews in arab countries main article jewish exodus from arab and muslim countries in the arab nations populations of minority jews faced persecution and expulsion following the israeli victory contributing to the jewish exodus from arab lands which had been ongoing since 1948 as a result jewish populations in arab countries further diminished as many jews emigrated to israel and other western countries according to historian and ambassador michael oren 249 mobs attacked jewish neighborhoods in egypt yemen lebanon tunisia and morocco burning synagogues and assaulting residents a pogrom in tripoli libya left 18 jews dead and 25 injured the survivors were herded into detention centers of egypt s 4 000 jews 800 were arrested including the chief rabbis of both cairo and alexandria and their property sequestered by the government the ancient communities of damascus and baghdad were placed under house arrest their leaders imprisoned and fined a total of 7 000 jews were expelled many with merely a satchel antisemitism in communist countries after the war a series of antisemitic purges began in communist countries 250 251 some 11 200 jews from poland immigrated to israel during the 1968 polish political crisis and in 1969 252 war of attrition after the war egypt initiated clashes along the suez canal in what became known as the war of attrition 253 palestinian terrorism as a result of israel s victory palestinian leadership concluded that the arab world could not defeat israel in open warfare which in turn led to an increase in terrorist attacks with an international reach 254 255 256 257 the palestine liberation organization plo had been established in 1964 and became more active after the six day war its actions gave credibility to those who claimed that only terror could end israel s existence 258 the popular front for the liberation of palestine also emerged after the war with its leader george habash speaking of turning the occupied territories into an inferno whose fires consume the usurpers 254 these events led to a series of hijackings bombings and kidnappings that culminated in the massacre of israeli athletes during the 1972 munich olympics 254 peace and diplomacy some of the attending heads of state at the arab league summit in khartoum following the six day war from left to right faisal of saudi arabia gamal abdel nasser of egypt abdullah al sallal of yemen sabah al salim al sabah of kuwait and abd al rahman arif of iraq 2 september 1967 after the war israel made an offer for peace that included the return of most of the recently captured territories according to chaim herzog on june 19 1967 the national unity government of israel voted unanimously to return the sinai to egypt and the golan heights to syria in return for peace agreements the golan would have to be demilitarized and special arrangement would be negotiated for the straits of tiran the government also resolved to open negotiations with king hussein of jordan regarding the eastern border 259 the 19 june israeli cabinet decision did not include the gaza strip and left open the possibility of israel permanently acquiring parts of the west bank on 25 27 june israel incorporated east jerusalem together with areas of the west bank to the north and south into jerusalem s new municipal boundaries the israeli decision was to be conveyed to the arab nations by the united states the u s was informed of the decision but not that it was to transmit it there is no evidence of receipt from egypt or syria and some historians claim that they may never have received the offer 260 in september the khartoum arab summit resolved that there would be no peace no recognition and no negotiation with israel avraham sela notes that the khartoum conference effectively marked a shift in the perception of the conflict by the arab states away from one centered on the question of israel s legitimacy toward one focused on territories and boundaries this was shown on 22 november when egypt and jordan accepted united nations security council resolution 242 261 nasser forestalled any movement toward direct negotiations with israel in dozens of speeches and statements he said that any direct peace talks with israel were tantamount to surrender 262 after the war the entire soviet bloc of eastern europe except romania broke off diplomatic relations with israel 263 mao era china contended that the arab defeat in the six day war demonstrated that only people s war not other strategies or methods could defeat imperialism in the middle east 264 47 the six day war laid the foundation for future discord in the region as the arab states resented israel s victory and did not want to give up territory on 22 november 1967 the united nations security council adopted resolution 242 the land for peace formula which called for israeli withdrawal from territories occupied in 1967 and the termination of all claims or states of belligerency resolution 242 recognized the right of every state in the area to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force israel returned the sinai to egypt in 1978 after the camp david accords in 2005 israel withdrew all military forces and evacuated all civilians from the gaza strip its army frequently reenters gaza for military operations and retains control of the seaports airports and most of the border crossings long term during the six day war israel captured the west bank the gaza strip the golan heights israel made peace with egypt after the camp david accords of 1978 and completed a staged withdrawal from the sinai in 1982 the position of the other occupied territories has for decades been a bitter cause of conflict between israel and the palestinians and the arab world in general jordan and egypt eventually withdrew their claims to sovereignty over the west bank and gaza respectively israel and jordan signed a peace treaty in 1994 265 after the israeli occupation of these territories the gush emunim movement launched a large settlement effort in these areas to secure a permanent foothold there are now hundreds of thousands of israeli settlers in the west bank they are a matter of controversy within israel both among the general population and within different political administrations supporting them to varying degrees palestinians consider them a provocation the israeli settlements in gaza were evacuated in august 2005 as a part of israel s disengagement from gaza 266 267 see also catch 67 a 2017 israeli philosophy book on the west bank occupation that launched a public dialogue on the war s 50th anniversary abba eban israeli foreign minister israeli mias ras sedr massacre syrian towns and villages depopulated in the arab israeli conflict references explanatory notes president of syria 1966 1970 6 hebrew מִלְחֶמֶת שֵׁשֶׁת הַיָּמִים romanized milḥemet šešet hayamim arabic النكسة romanized an naksah lit the setback or حرب 1967 ḥarb 1967 war of 1967 also known as the june war or third arab israeli war shlaim writes to understand hussein s conduct during the june 1967 war it is essential to recall that he had handed over command of his army to egypt under the terms of his pact with nasser on 1 june general riad arrived in amman and assumed command of the jordanian armed forces 130 on the initial jordanian attack shlaim writes the cable was from first vice president and deputy supreme commander field marshal abd al hakim amer amer was a nincompoop who largely owed his rapid promotion to his friendship with nasser he was inexperienced in military affairs impulsive and prone to wishful thinking amer s cable to riad was a pack of lies on the basis of these alleged successes amer ordered riad to open a new front against the enemy and launch offensive operations by the time hussein arrived at the headquarters riad had already given the orders for the artillery to move to the front lines and bombard israeli airbases and other targets an infantry brigade to occupy the israeli enclave on mount scopus in jerusalem the two egyptian commando battalions to infiltrate enemy territory from the west bank at dusk and the air force to be put on combat alert and commence airstrikes immediately although these decisions were made in his absence hussein made no attempt to cancel them or to delay the opening of fire until the information from cairo could be checked jordan was thus committed to war by the decision of an egyptian general who was acting on the orders of a serial blunderer in cairo 132 israel clearly did not want the us government to know too much about its dispositions for attacking syria initially planned for june 8 but postponed for 24 hours the attack on the liberty occurred on june 8 whereas on june 9 at 3 am syria announced its acceptance of the cease fire despite this at 7 am that is four hours later israel s minister of defense moshe dayan gave the order to go into action against syria 170 citations arnold guy 2016 wars in the third world since 1945 bloomsbury publishing p 299 isbn 9781474291019 milestones 1961 1968 office of the historian archived from the original on 23 october 2018 retrieved 30 november 2018 between june 5 and june 10 israel defeated egypt jordan and syria and occupied the sinai peninsula the gaza strip the west bank east jerusalem and the golan heights 1 2 weill sharon 2007 the judicial arm of the occupation the israeli military courts in the occupied territories international review of the red cross 89 866 401 doi 10 1017 s1816383107001142 on 7 june 1967 the day the occupation started military proclamation no 2 was issued endowing the area commander with full legislative executive and judicial authorities over the west bank and declaring that the law in force prior to the occupation remained in force as long as it did not contradict new military orders krauthammer charles 18 may 2007 prelude to the six days the washington post p a23 issn 0740 5421 archived from the original on 24 july 2019 retrieved 20 june 2008 1 2 3 4 oren 2002 p 237 associated press 5 december 1982 nureddin al atassi 63 former syria president new york times new york times company retrieved 16 september 2026 1 2 stone 2004 p 217 1 2 3 oren 2002 p 171 tucker 2015 pp 540 541 1 2 tucker 2004 p 176 1 2 3 4 5 pollack 2004 p 59 1 2 morris 2001 p 318 1 2 oren 2002 p 176 1 2 ehteshami hinnebusch 1997 p 76 1 2 mutawi 2002 p 42 1 2 3 4 5 segev 1967 pp 82 175 191 1 2 herzog chaim 1 january 1984 the arab israeli wars war and peace in the middle east from the war of independence through lebanon revised ed vintage books p 149 isbn 978 0394717463 1 2 3 4 5 gawrych 2000 p 3 1 2 israel ministry of foreign affairs 2008 the six day war june 1967 archived 6 march 2009 at the wayback machine 1 2 zaloga steven 1981 armour of the middle east wars 1948 78 vanguard osprey publishing the cia s overlooked intelligence victory in the 1967 war brookings 30 june 2017 retrieved 23 may 2026 1 2 מלחמת ששת הימים israeli air force 3 october 2010 archived from the original on 12 june 2019 six day war full article elton b stephens company ebsco 2023 retrieved 23 may 2026 israeli air strikes six day war warhistory org 21 may 2020 retrieved 23 may 2026 1 2 el gamasy 1993 p 79 1 2 herzog 1982 p 165 1 2 3 4 israel ministry of foreign affairs 2004 background on israeli pows and mias archived 22 february 2007 at the wayback machine 1 2 tucker 2010 p 1198 1 2 woolf alex 2012 arab israeli war since 1948 heinemann raintree p 27 isbn 978 1 4329 6004 9 1 2 sachar 2013 p page needed 1 2 dunstan 2013a p warfare since the second world war by klaus jürgen gantzel torsten schwinghammer p 253 guy arnold 1991 wars in the third world since 1945 page needed full citation needed six day war 1967 operation focus and the 12 hours that changed the middle east shlomo aloni osprey publishing 2019 p 92 simon dunstan the six day war 1967 sinai osprey publishing 2009 p 88 1 2 3 oren 2002 p 176 says 282 out of 420 morris 2001 p 318 says 304 out of 419 tessler 1994 p 396 says over 350 planes were destroyed hawker hunters at war iraq and jordan 1958 1967 tom cooper patricia salti helion company 2016 p 45 59 hawker hunters at war iraq and jordan 1958 1967 ...
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