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inistry and was involved in important research into the use of radar additionally an elite force of female soldiers was trained on the university s campus 22 in 1948 the national party np was voted into power by south africa s white electorate and apartheid afrikaans for separateness policies started to become law the racist separation policies sparked a response in 1957 by wits the university of cape town rhodes university and the university of natal who issued a joint statement entitled the open universities in south africa committing themselves to the principles of university autonomy and academic freedom 23 in 1959 the apartheid government s extension of university education act forced restricted registrations of black students for most of the apartheid era despite this several notable black leaders graduated from the university 1 wits protested strongly and continued to maintain a firm and consistent stand in opposition to apartheid this marked the beginning of a period of conflict with the apartheid regime which also coincided with a period of growth for the university 1 it was desegregated once again prior to the abolition of apartheid in 1990 growth and opposition to apartheid 1959 1994 edit the gavin reilly green on west campus as the university continued to grow to over 16 400 by 1985 the expansion of the university s campus became imperative in 1964 the medical library and administrative offices of the faculty of medicine moved to esselen street in the hillbrow district of johannesburg in 1968 the graduate school of business was opened in parktown a year later the ernest oppenheimer hall of residence and savernake the new residence of the vice chancellor replacing hofmeyr house on the main campus were both established also in parktown that same year the medical school s new clinical departments were opened 1 during the course of the 1960s wits acquired a limestone cave renowned for its archaeological material located at sterkfontein a farm next to sterkfontein named swartkrans rich in archaeological material was purchased in 1968 and excavation rights were obtained for archaeological and palaeontological purposes at makapansgat located in the limpopo province 1 the 1960s also witnessed widespread protest against apartheid policies this resulted in numerous police invasions of campus to break up peaceful protests as well as the banning deportation and detention of many students and staff government funding for the university was cut with funds originally meant for wits often being channelled to the more conservative afrikaans universities instead 24 the 1970s saw the construction of jubilee hall and the wartenweiler library as well as the opening of the tandem accelerator the first and to date only nuclear facility at a south african university 22 in 1976 lawson s corner in braamfontein was acquired and renamed university corner senate house the university s main administrative building was completed in 1977 the university underwent a significant expansion programme in the 1980s the medical school was moved to new premises on york street in parktown on 30 august 1982 additionally in 1984 the university acquired the milner park showgrounds from the witwatersrand agricultural society including the tower of light these became the west campus 25 with the original campus becoming east campus 1 in 1984 the chamber of mines building opened a large walkway named the amic deck was constructed across the de villiers graaff motorway which bisects the campus linking east campus with west campus 1 the 1980s also witnessed a period of heightened opposition to apartheid as the university struggled to maintain its autonomy in the face of attacks from the apartheid state wits looked anew to the open universities statement of 1957 to which the university of the western cape now also added its voice as the apartheid government attempted through the threat of financial sanctions to bring wits under firmer control protest escalated culminating in the general assembly of 28 october 1987 at which the university reiterated its commitment to the values underlying the open universities statement 23 university management itself came under increasing grassroots pressure to implement change within the university a wits initiated research project perspectives of wits pow published in 1986 revealed a surprising disconnect between the perceptions disadvantaged communities had of wits and the image wits had been attempting to convey of itself as a progressive opponent of apartheid pow which had involved interviews with members of organisations among disadvantaged communities in the pwv area international academics students and staff at wits and even a meeting with the then banned anc in lusaka revealed that to many in the surrounding disadvantaged communities there was a perception of wits as an elitist institution dominated by white interests a need was identified for further transformation of the university 23 the science stadium on west campus completed in 2012 post apartheid 1994 present edit on 25 february 2000 university management began implementing a policy called wits 2001 under which work deemed non core to the functioning of the university such as cleaning and landscaping was outsourced to external contractors the university s academic departments were also restructured the university s nine faculties were reduced to five the university s 99 departments were merged into 40 schools and courses that were deemed redundant following a mass review were cancelled 26 wits 2001 attracted widespread criticism from the workers and staff affected as well as from students and other staff the arguments behind the restructuring were criticised as badly reasoned and the policy itself was criticised as being regressive and neoliberal 27 the then vice chancellor professor colin bundy said in defence of wits 2001 that t his fundamental reorganisation of both academic activities and support services will equip the university for the challenges of higher education in the 21st century 28 management issued a statement on 30 may 2000 responding to criticism of wits 2001 from the national education health and allied workers union nehawu the largest trade union among wits employees in which it defended wits 2001 as constituting the outsourcing of contracts for certain non core functions rather than any shift in ownership relations or governance contra nehawu s claims that it constituted privatisation management further defended the changes as improving the financial sustainability of wits taking pressure off management and students and allowing for better academic and support facilities and services 29 in 2001 the johannesburg college of education was incorporated into the university as wits education campus under the national department of education s plan to reform tertiary education in south africa 30 in 2003 a student mall called the matrix was opened in the student union building on east campus 31 the wits origins centre 32 was opened in 2006 by former president thabo mbeki and tells the story of life through its exhibitions this is alongside the wits fossil vault that houses thousands of plant animal and hominid fossils including the taung child little foot and homo naledi five capital projects were also completed over the next ten years the wits art museum 33 that is home to over 12 000 works of african art the wits science stadium an old athletics stadium converted into state of the art chemistry and physics labs on the west campus 34 the 4th quadrant of the chamber of mines building now called the arm building 35 the fnb building now the margo steele school of accountancy 36 and the wits school of public health building 37 in parktown in 2015 to 2016 the feesmustfall movement and protests resulted in intermittent disruptions of the academic programme for a few weeks at wits and other leading south african universities with students protesting for free education 38 from 2018 onwards stability returned to wits and the university continued to be ranked first or second on the continent for academic and research excellence in 2022 wits celebrated its centenary 39 which included saw the university raise r4 2 billion from donors and alumni as part of the centenary campaign 40 this included raising funds for infrastructure student support research and the academic project this included a r150 million endowment from wits alumnus natie kirsh for deserving missing middle students 41 the opening of the chris seabrooke music hall 42 the launch of the wits anglo american digital dome 43 and the reopening of the wits sterkfontein caves 44 amongst other projects coat of arms edit the badge of the south african school of mines the current coat of arms of the university was designed by professor g e pearse and edited by professor w d howie to correct heraldic inaccuracies before being accepted by the state herald of south africa in 1972 the design of the coat of arms incorporates a gold background in the upper section of the shield to represent the witwatersrand gold fields on which the mining industry that gave rise to the university is based along with an open book superimposed upon a cogwheel representing knowledge and industry the silver wavy bars on the lower section of the shield represent the vaal and limpopo rivers which form the northern and southern borders of the witwatersrand gold fields above the shield is the head of a kudu an antelope typical of the witwatersrand and the university s mascot the university s motto scientia et labore meaning through knowledge and work in latin appears just below the shield 45 the university s coat of arms evolved from the badge of the south african school of mines this badge consisted of a diamond with a shield superimposed upon it a prospector s pick and a sledgehammer overlaid with broken ore and a mill appeared on the shield the south african school of mines motto was the same as the university s current one and surrounded the shield 45 governance and administration edit as set out in the higher education act act no 101 of 1997 46 and in the statute of the university of the witwatersrand 47 the university is governed by council the chancellor of the university is the ceremonial head of the university who in the name of the university confers all degrees the current chancellor is dr judy dlamini who spearheads the female academic leadership fellows programme 48 the positions of principal and vice chancellor are merged with the vice chancellor and principal responsible for the day to day running of the university and accountable to council the current vice chancellor and principal is prof zeblon vilakazi a nuclear physicist who will lead wits until 2030 council is responsible for the selection of all vice chancellors deputy vice chancellors and deans of faculty 47 49 campuses edit main article campuses of the university of the witwatersrand the university spans 480 hectares and is divided into five academic campuses with the administration building on the braamfontein east campus across the de villiers graaff motorway lies the west campus the two are joined by a brick paved bridge across the highway called the sibanye stillwater bridge 50 east and west campus effectively form a single campus bordered by empire road to the north jan smuts avenue to the east jorissen street and enoch sontonga road to the south and annet road to the west the historic east campus is primarily the home of the faculties of science and humanities as well as solomon mahlangu house where the university s council senate and management meet west campus houses the faculties of engineering and the built environment and commerce law and management east campus is home to four residences namely men s res male sunnyside female international house mixed and jubilee hall female 51 west campus is home to david webster hall female barnato hall and west campus village both mixed 52 wits has three more academic campuses all located in parktown the wits education campus houses the wits school of education 53 within the faculty of humanities and boasts three female residences forming the highfield cluster namely girton medhurst and reith hall to the east of the wits education campus across york road lies the faculty of health sciences 54 that houses the wits medical school and the philip v tobias building which is the faculty s administration building to the west of the wits education campus across victoria avenue lies the wits management campus with the triple accredited wits business school 55 within the wits management campus are the ernest oppenheimer hall male residence and the mixed parktown village other residences include graduate lodge campus lodge south court noswal hall and braamfontein centre all in the city district of braamfontein and all mixed gender further there is the wits junction mixed and the knockando halls of residence a male residence located on the grounds of a parktown mansion called northwards in parktown sites edit provincial heritage sites and heritage objects edit the university of the witwatersrand houses two provincial heritage sites and two heritage objects the great hall technically the façade of the robert sobukwe building formerly known as central block in which the great hall is located 56 and the dias cross housed in the william cullen library 57 are both provincial heritage sites they were formerly national monuments until 1 april 2000 when the national monuments council was replaced by a new system which made former national monuments the responsibility of provincial governments following the passage of the national heritage resources act 58 the heritage objects are jan smuts study housed in jan smuts house 59 and the paul loewenstein collection of rock art 60 all of the university s national heritage sites and objects are located on east campus wits institute of social and economic research wiser edit sarah nuttall about wiser the university of the witwatersrand is home to the wits institute of social and economic research wiser founded in 2001 by deborah posel 61 cradle of humankind edit main article cradle of humankind homo naledi discovered by a wits based team of palaeontologists working in the cradle of humankind wits acquired the sterkfontein and swartkrans sites in the 1960s both of which were rich in fossil remains of early hominids 1 in 1999 the area was declared a world heritage site by unesco as the cradle of humankind as a world heritage site responsibility for the site shifted from the university to the government of gauteng province with the provincial government becoming the designated management authority responsible for developing and protecting the site it is aided by the south african heritage resources agency which has also declared the area a national heritage site 62 the university s evolutionary studies institute within the faculty of science continues to play a leading part in excavatio...
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