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Text of the page (random words):
in several francophone countries of africa education for the deaf in these countries is based on asl and written french there is therefore a french influence on the language of the classroom 14 with the exception of algerian sign language the sign languages of francophone africa are unrelated to french sign language except indirectly through their derivation from asl this is because most schools for the deaf in the region were founded by the american missionary andrew foster or by his students starting in 1974 chadian sign language may be closest to nigerian sign language a few countries have languages unrelated to either madagascar sign language derives from norwegian sl and tunisian sign language is apparently a language isolate citation needed the relationship of lsaf to standard american sign language has not been systematically assessed 13 for instance gabonese sign language has diverged and may be a separate language 13 and togo sign language is not mutually intelligible with standard american sign language 13 characteristics edit as in other african derivations of asl the language has been affected by local gestures and conventions this is especially true of taboo topics such as sex 15 as an example of the french influence on francophone asl the word for she is made by pointing with an l shaped hand rather than with a simple index finger because the name of the letter el is homonymous with elle she in french it is not clear to what extent such influence continues outside the classroom citation needed location edit francophone african countries which use asl as the language of deaf instruction are citation needed senegal mauritania mali guinea ivory coast burkina faso togo benin niger chad from nigeria central african republic gabon republic of congo brazzaville from nigeria democratic republic of congo kinshasa french sign language is also used burundi morocco haitian sign language edit haitian sign language langue des signes haïtienne native to haiti native speakers 40 000 2008 13 language family french sign american sign haitian sign language language codes iso 639 3 glottolog hait1245 this section needs expansion you can help by adding missing information august 2022 while american sign language is sometimes used in the haitian deaf community it is not the most prominent in haiti the local variant haitian sign language or lsh langue des signes haïtienne is the sign language variant most often used there are five government run schools for deaf children and lsh is used and spread through these schools and other social areas for the deaf community historically lsh has not been widely documented or recognized leading to the creation of the lshdop the haitian sign language documentation project this project is run by the haitian deaf community in collaboration with gallaudet university 16 ghanaian sign language edit ghanaian sign language native to ghana native speakers estimated 91 000 182 000 2021 17 language family french sign american sign ghanaian sign language language codes iso 639 3 gse glottolog ghan1235 ghanaian sign language in action ghanaian sign language is the national sign language of deaf people in ghana descended from american sign language 17 18 it was introduced in 1957 by andrew foster a deaf african american missionary as there had been no education or organizations for the deaf previously foster went on to establish the first school for the deaf in nigeria a few years later and nigerian sign language shows influence from gsl gsl is unrelated to indigenous ghanaian sign languages such as adamorobe sign language and nanabin sign language there are currently fourteen schools for the deaf in ghana thirteen primary schools and two secondary schools in ghana one at akuapim mampong the other at navrongo 19 gsl is supported by the ghana national association of the deaf which has their headquarters in accra the bible society of ghana has started translation of the bible into ghanaian sign language greek sign language edit this section is an excerpt from greek sign language edit greek sign language greek ελληνική νοηματική γλώσσα romanized ellinikí noimatikí glóssa eng is a sign language used by the greek deaf community indonesian sign languages edit this section is an excerpt from indonesian sign language edit indonesian sign language indonesian bahasa isyarat indonesia bisindo is any of several related deaf sign languages of indonesia at least on the island of java it is based on american sign language with local admixture in different cities although presented as a coherent language when advocating for recognition by the indonesian government and use in education the varieties used in different cities may not be mutually intelligible jamaican sign language edit jamaican sign language jsl native to jamaica native speakers 7 500 2011 20 language family french sign american sign jamaican sign language language codes iso 639 3 jls glottolog jama1263 jamaican sign language jsl is a local variant of american sign language used in jamaica it is supplanting the indigenous jamaican country sign language malaysian sign language edit this section is an excerpt from malaysian sign language edit malaysian sign language malay bahasa isyarat malaysia or bim is the principal language of the deaf community of malaysia it is also the official sign language used by the malaysian government to communicate with the deaf community and was officially recognized by the malaysian government in 2008 as a means to officially communicate with and among the deaf particularly on official broadcasts and announcements bim has many dialects differing from state to state 21 moroccan sign language edit main article moroccan sign language moroccan sign language msl native to morocco region tetouan native speakers 63 000 2008 22 language family french sign american sign based creole moroccan sign language language codes iso 639 3 xms glottolog moro1242 moroccan sign language msl is the language of the deaf community of tetouan and some other cities of morocco american peace corps volunteers created moroccan sign language in 1987 in tetouan from american sign language asl and the existing signs there is less than a 50 lexical similarity with asl it is not clear if the existing signs were home sign or an established village sign language the language is used in three programs for the deaf but not throughout the country it is not used in the large cities of rabat tangier or casablanca for example in oujda near the algerian border algerian sign language is used or at least the local sign language has been strongly influenced by it 22 nigerian sign language edit nigerian sign language native to nigeria chad republic of congo native speakers 2 800 2008 to estimated 48 000 96 000 2021 in chad 23 estimated 600 000 1 000 000 in nigeria 2021 24 language family french sign american sign nigerian sign language language codes iso 639 3 either nsi nigerian sign cds chadian sign glottolog nige1259 student of madonna school for children with special needs okpanam signing the nigerian national anthem nigerian sign language nsl is the national sign language of deaf people in nigeria asl with a possible mix of signed english was introduced in 1960 a few years after ghanaian sign language by andrew foster a deaf african american missionary thereby raising a signing system some scholars have referred to as a dialect of asl deaf education in nigeria was based on oral method and existing indigenous sign languages were generally regarded as gestural communication prior to andrew foster s arrival the conventional nigerian sign language today has been described as the school sign language there is a ghanaian influence in nsl both are based on american sign language the school sign language has little relationship with the various indigenous nigerian sign languages such as hausa sign language yoruba sign language and bura sign language the save the deaf and endangered languages initiative 25 and nigerian national association of the deaf 26 have been working to document indigenous and national varieties of nsl both for research and reference for the nigerian deaf population 25 26 chadian and congolese teachers for the deaf are trained in nigeria there are deaf schools in chad in n djamena sarh and moundou 27 panamanian sign language edit panamanian sign language lengua de señas panameñas native to panama native speakers 9 000 2008 28 language family french sign american sign panamanian sign language language codes iso 639 3 lsp glottolog pana1308 elp panamanian sign language panamanian sign language lengua de señas panameñas lsp is one of two deaf sign languages of panama it derived from american sign language and influenced by salvadoran sign language 28 29 see also chiriqui sign language philippine sign language edit this section is an excerpt from filipino sign language edit filipino sign language abbreviated as fsl filipino wikang senyas ng mga pilipino 30 31 or philippine sign language 32 is a sign language originating in the philippines like other sign languages fsl is a unique language with its own grammar syntax and morphology it is not based on and does not resemble filipino or english 33 some researchers consider the indigenous signs of fsl to be at risk of being lost due to the increasing influence of american sign language 33 puerto rican sign language edit puerto rican sign language lengua de señas puertorriqueña native to puerto rico ethnicity 8 000 to 40 000 deaf 1986 34 native speakers est 6 000 13 000 2021 34 language family french sign american sign puerto rican sign language language codes iso 639 3 psl glottolog puer1237 elp puerto rican sign language puerto rican sign language prsl is a descendant of american sign language used in puerto rico and in commnities of puerto ricans elsewhere particularly in new york city with some dialectal differences asl was introduced to puerto rico in 1907 by dominican nuns in the san gabriel school for the deaf in san juan the language is thought to have started diverging shortly after that around 1910 prsl has some signs that are related to those in asl but used differently as well as unrelated signs a major difference between asl and prsl are that prsl doesn t use fingespelling loans from spoken languages fingerspelling is used only for simple direct repesentation of words from written language and without a special rhythm typical to asl 35 sierra leonean sign language edit sierra leonean sign language native to sierra leone region freetown ethnicity 3 000 5 000 2008 36 native speakers 200 2008 to est 23 000 46 000 2021 36 language family french sign american sign sierra leonean sign language language codes iso 639 3 sgx glottolog sier1246 sierra leonean sign language is a variety or descendant of american sign language asl used in schools for the deaf in sierra leone or at least in the capital freetown as in much of west africa the first schools for the deaf were founded by the american missionary andrew foster or his students selangor sign language edit selangor sign language bahasa isyarat selangor native to malaysia region kuala lumpur and selangor native speakers 500 no date 37 mostly elderly all bilingual in malaysian sign language family french sign american sign with local mixture selangor sign language language codes iso 639 3 kgi glottolog sela1253 elp selangor sign language selangor sign language ssl also known as kuala lumpur sign language klsl is a sign language used in malaysia it was originally based on american sign language asl but has diverged significantly enough to now be considered a language in its own right kuala lumpur was formerly located in the state of selangor before it became a federal territory in 1974 like penang sign language psl it now mainly used by older people although many younger people can understand it singapore sign language edit this section is an excerpt from singapore sign language edit singapore sign language or sgsl is the native sign language used by the deaf and hard of hearing in singapore developed over six decades since the establishment of the first school for the deaf in 1954 38 since singapore s independence in 1965 the singapore deaf community has had to adapt to many linguistic changes today the local deaf community recognises singapore sign language sgsl as a reflection of singapore s diverse culture sgsl is influenced by shanghainese sign language ssl american sign language asl signing exact english see ii and locally developed signs thai sign language edit this section is an excerpt from thai sign language edit thai sign language tsl thai ภาษามือไทย romanized p̣hās̄ʹā mụ̄x thịy or modern standard thai sign language mstsl is the national sign language of thailand s deaf community and is used in most parts of the country by the 20 percent of the estimated 56 000 pre linguistically deaf people who go to school 39 see also edit black american sign language dialect of american sign language references edit what is american sign language asl nidcd www nidcd nih gov 2021 10 29 retrieved 2024 02 15 1 2 3 bolivian sign language at ethnologue 25th ed 2022 school for the deaf faces hostile takeover world watch monitor aug 18 2000 archived from the original on june 29 2015 retrieved jun 29 2015 holbrook david 2009 bolivia deaf community and sign language pre survey report pdf sil international dead link 1 2 collaud carole projektinformationen bericht von carole collaud 1 teil in german archived from the original on march 15 2012 retrieved june 29 2015 burundian sign language at ethnologue 25th ed 2022 request for change to iso 639 3 language code pdf iso639 3 sil org retrieved 2023 08 10 costa rican sign language at ethnologue 25th ed 2022 james woodward 1991 sign language varieties in costa rica in sign language studies 73 p 329 346 gaurav mathur donna jo napoli 2010 deaf around the world the impact of language oxford university press page 43 dominican sign language at ethnologue 25th ed 2022 varieties of american sign language at ethnologue 25th ed 2022 1 2 3 4 5 asl at ethnologue 25th ed 2022 francophone african sign language aasl aasl aacore jp archived from the original on 2012 09 20 retrieved 2012 05 21 dalle 1996 1997 hochgesang julie a mcauliff kate 2016 an initial description of the deaf community in haiti and haitian sign language lsh sign language studies 16 2 227 294 doi 10 1353 sls 2016 0003 issn 1533 6263 1 2 ghanaian sign language at ethnologue 25th ed 2022 edward mary 2014 the phonology and morphology of ghanaian sign language atelier international sign language workshop at the université félix houphouët boigny abidjan côte d ivoire on 24th july 2014 knoors harry brons maria marschark marc 2019 deaf education beyond the western world context challenges and prospects new york oxford university press isbn 9780190880514 jamaican sign language at ethnologue 25th ed 2022 hasuria che omar 2009 penterjemahan dan bahasa isyarat translation an...
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