Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
digestion, other, and, stomach, contents, structure, development, function, clinical, significance, animals, additional, images, see, also, references, external, links, sections, anatomical, proximity, blood, supply, lymphatic, drainage, microanatomy, gene, protein, expression, absorption, control, of, secretion, motility, diseases, surgery, etymology, wall, glands, mechanical, chemical,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (523), and (176), stomach (143), gastric (73), from (43), #glands (37), cells (34), with (33), human (33), which (32), edit (31), this (29), food (29), are (29), into (27), for (24), that (23), layer (21), isbn (21), doi (20), digestive (20), 978 (20), system (19), mucosa (19), duodenum (19), also (19), chyme (19), small (18), gastrointestinal (18), artery (18), anatomy (17), intestine (17), pyloric (17), pmid (17), retrieved (16), other (16), sphincter (16), left (15), cardiac (14), these (14), acid (14), wall (13), body (13), esophagus (13), through (13), fundus (12), tract (12), digestion (12), muscular (11), colon (11), pylorus (11), cardia (11), s2cid (11), region (11), may (10), greater (10), protein (10), called (10), about (9), page (9), fundic (9), archived (9), 2009 (9), thyroid (9), between (9), part (9), can (9), lined (9), more (9), both (9), mixing (9), greek (8), physiology (8), journal (8), 1016 (8), medical (8), development (8), see (8), many (8), celiac (8), not (8), esophageal (8), gland (8), main (8), right (8), contents (7), wikipedia (7), was (7), link (7), articles (7), cs1 (7), maint (7), short (7), lower (7), parietal (7), upper (7), emptying (7), dictionary (7), gastroesophageal (7), lymph (7), article (7), has (7), secretion (7), pepsin (7), curvature (7), arteries (7), expressed (7), 2025 (6), all (6), anal (6), large (6), duodenal (6), process (6), proteins (6), animals (6), original (6), motility (6), disease (6), medicine (6), function (6), health (6), 2012 (6), absorption (6), specific (6), histology (6), 2021 (6), regions (6), volume (6), its (6), two (6), lies (6), have (6), organ (6), used (6), form (6), where (6), blood (6), waves (6), sac (6), parts (6), secrete (6), toggle (5), text (5), additional (5), commons (5), links (5), organs (5), circular (5), pits (5), lesser (5), middle (5), 2008 (5), cite (5), february (5), after (5), gut (5), venturi (5), iodine (5), cancer (5), salivary (5), factor (5), 2015 (5), acids (5), tissue (5), junction (5), within (5), clinical (5), surgery (5), information (5), some (5), epithelium (5), first (5), three (5), while (5), than (5), here (5), opening (5), around (5), include (5), such (5), egf (5), chemical (5), gastrin (5), only (5), when (5), pepsinogen (5), peristalsis (5), begins (5), hydrochloric (5), supply (5), sections (5), layers (5), outer (5), inner (5), gastroepiploic (5), move (5), vein (5), search (4), wikidata (4), inactive (4), july (4), 2019 (4), control (4), muscularis (4), folds (4), submucosa (4), line (4), transverse (4), flexure (4), microanatomy (4), chief (4), mouth (4), 2010 (4), 2nd (4), oxford (4), gastro (4), english (4), new (4), biology (4), cardiectomy (4), cell (4), flavor (4), effects (4), nerve (4), pdf (4), elsevier (4), issn (4), dorland (4), four (4), pancreas (4), diseases (4), decreases (4), related (4), high (4), image (4), showing (4), found (4), tubular (4), species (4), lining (4), anterior (4), portion (4), number (4), humans (4), mammals (4), ventral (4), different (4), before (4), most (4), normal (4), presence (4), during (4), digesting (4), but (4), located (4), well (4), juice (4), released (4), antrum (4), digested (4), responsible (4), time (4), enzymes (4), lipase (4), acidic (4), down (4), mesentery (4), forms (4), omentum (4), surrounded (4), supplied (4), genes (4), near (4), longitudinal (4), oblique (4), anatomical (4), structure (4), hide (4), sidebar (4), view (3), under (3), terms (3), wikimedia (3), use (3), containing (3), multiple (3), names (3), authors (3), list (3), unsourced (3), statements (3), abdomen (3), org (3), national (3), international (3), serosa (3), external (3), anus (3), appendix (3), splenic (3), muscle (3), intestinal (3), like (3), crop (3), back (3), trunk (3), 2007 (3), atlas (3), free (3), wiley (3), 2005 (3), functional (3), philadelphia (3), press (3), com (3), gaster (3), reflux (3), reviews (3), pmc (3), liver (3), pernicious (3), preference (3), conditioned (3), brain (3), vagus (3), oral (3), nutrition (3), amino (3), 4160 (3), proteome (3), science (3), www (3), adult (3), mcgraw (3), hill (3), each (3), area (3), oclc (3), principles (3), university (3), williams (3), pages (3), divided (3), help (3), posterior (3), then (3), red (3), although (3), shape (3), however (3), storage (3), derived (3), removal (3), term (3), been (3), gastritis (3), significance (3), syndrome (3), primitive (3), ability (3), similar (3), hormones (3), activity (3), acts (3), following (3), receptors (3), foods (3), their (3), polypeptide (3), act (3), gall (3), bladder (3), release (3), synthesized (3), secretin (3), contractions (3), normally (3), slowly (3), intrinsic (3), hours (3), empty (3), followed (3), takes (3), being (3), activates (3), force (3), create (3), they (3), contains (3), partially (3), connective (3), structures (3), drainage (3), nodes (3), peritoneum (3), embryo (3), over (3), foregut (3), highly (3), gene (3), expression (3), lie (3), mucus (3), simple (3), citation (3), needed (3), shaped (3), appearance (3), consisting (3), plexus (3), consists (3), lymphatic (3), changes (3), tools (3), subsection (3), 154 (2), languages (2), table (2), contact (2), privacy (2), policy (2), available (2), site (2), non (2), inc (2), creative (2), attribution (2), license (2), june (2), categories (2), wayback (2), october (2), 2020 (2), location (2), description (2), https (2), index (2), subserosa (2), internal (2), canal (2), rectum (2), continuous (2), sigmoid (2), descending (2), ascending (2), cecum (2), ileum (2), jejunum (2), brunner (2), papilla (2), major (2), microvilli (2), sphincters (2), pyriform (2), fascia (2), raphe (2), prevertebral (2), muscles (2), pharynx (2), little (2), column (2), tongue (2), skin (2), details (2), how (2), ruminants (2), edu (2), vertebrates (2), 7817 (2), sherwood (2), thomas (2), saunders (2), vertebrate (2), simpson (2), 1989 (2), clarendon (2), 861186 (2), reference (2), surgical (2), experimental (2), effect (2), survival (2), helicobacter (2), pylori (2), september (2), 166 (2), current (2), management (2), autoimmunity (2), review (2), 101373 (2), clin (2), 1993 (2), eur (2), antibodies (2), patients (2), disorders (2), 1965 (2), anemia (2), study (2), 1111 (2), 124 (2), ackroff (2), sclafani (2), fat (2), physiol (2), behav (2), 1996 (2), marc (2), neuron (2), taste (2), receptor (2), uematsu (2), tsurugizawa (2), torii (2), via (2), neurosci (2), learning (2), glutamate (2), evolution (2), epidermal (2), growth (2), nutritional (2), 1994 (2), john (2), animal (2), johnson (2), 2011 (2), embryology (2), edition (2), fagerberg (2), linn (2), hallström (2), björn (2), sjöstedt (2), evelina (2), uhlén (2), mathias (2), defined (2), based (2), gastroenterology (2), 1260419 (2), 2017 (2), 32nd (2), 6257 (2), illustrated (2), types (2), varies (2), institute (2), quality (2), august (2), 2024 (2), does (2), work (2), 2018 (2), 150 (2), lippincott (2), wilkins (2), point (2), dublin (2), royal (2), academy (2), ireland (2), 1896 (2), shearer (2), manual (2), book (2), training (2), seer (2), pub (2), version (2), barry (2), 5085 (2), band (2), resuscitation (2), volumes (2), references (2), inhibitor (2), microbiota (2), images (2), there (2), midgut (2), unique (2), absent (2), vary (2), always (2), functions (2), omasum (2), reticulum (2), rumen (2), blue (2), several (2), tylopoda (2), among (2), remain (2), relatively (2), somewhat (2), juices (2), ultimately (2), στόμαχος (2), etymology (2), place (2), gastrectomy (2), weight (2), intestines (2), association (2), seen (2), ulcers (2), various (2), will (2), autoimmune (2), published (2), uptake (2), iodide (2), fats (2), carbohydrates (2), cellular (2), submandibular (2), since (2), including (2), regulated (2), plays (2), role (2), mucosal (2), response (2), products (2), absorbed (2), full (2), still (2), enteroglucagon (2), gip (2), jejunal (2), inhibitory (2), cck (2), causing (2), cholecystokinin (2), hormone (2), causes (2), distension (2), movement (2), nervous (2), necessary (2), b12 (2), water (2), mainly (2), occur (2), content (2), fatty (2), breakdown (2), actions (2), enzyme (2), amylase (2), lingual (2), liquids (2), one (2), rest (2), enters (2), begin (2), mechanical (2), breaks (2), proteases (2), bolus (2), nutrients (2), further (2), early (2), dorsal (2), rotation (2), space (2), attached (2), developing (2), protective (2), vessels (2), nerves (2), venous (2), portal (2), yolk (2), becomes (2), inferior (2), mesenteric (2), superior (2), veins (2), involved (2), creating (2), environment (2), general (2), precursor (2), secreted (2), fluid (2), antral (2), formed (2), branched (2), secretory (2), mucous (2), stain (2), bottom (2), diagram (2), lamina (2), propria (2), smooth (2), outside (2), myenteric (2), controls (2), motion (2), fibres (2), lying (2), maximum (2), membrane (2), columnar (2), dilated (2), inferiorly (2), superiorly (2), upon (2), diaphragm (2), proximity (2), central (2), latin (2), orifice (2), notch (2), beginning (2), horizontal (2), redirects (2), ancient (2), hold (2), litres (2), top (2), phase (2), terminology (2), omental (2), upload (2), file (2), history (2), read (2), norsk (2), bahasa (2), беларуская (2), log (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, apply, using, you, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, sharealike, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, 2026, utc, hidden, webarchive, template, language, imported, matches, php, title, oldid, 1357679219, yale, lux, terminologia, anatomica, israel, latvia, spain, czech, republic, japan, bnf, data, france, united, states, gnd, authority, databases, adventitia, anocutaneous, pectinate, sinuses, valves, columns, ampulla, epiploic, haustra, taenia, coli, hepatic, microfold, peyer, patches, ileocecal, valve, substructures, duodenojejunal, minor, suspensory, paneth, goblet, enteroendocrine, enterocytes, villi, enterochromaffin, foveolar, curvatures, angular, incisure, sinus, pharyngobasilar, buccopharyngeal, pharyngeal, pterygomandibular, spaces, danger, retrovisceral, parapharyngeal, retropharyngeal, peripharyngeal, excluding, sole, toenail, toe, heel, ankle, foot, calf, knee, thigh, hip, leg, ring, thumb, fingernail, finger, hand, wrist, forearm, elbow, axilla, shoulder, arm, limbs, buttocks, vulva, scrotum, penis, genitalia, pelvis, nipple, breast, thorax, vertebral, navel, midriff, waist, torso, nape, throat, adam, apple, neck, temple, scalp, occiput, mandible, jaw, ear, tooth, lip, nose, eyelid, eye, eyebrow, chin, cheek, forehead, face, hair, head, regional, machine, march, tiyan, look, wiktionary, wilke, fails, frandson, ames, iowa, blackwell, 346, 8138, 1394, farm, khalil, muhammad, onemedicine, tuskegee, finegan, esther, stevens, edward, william, reece, 4333, domestic, romer, alfred, parsons, 1977, holt, 349, 910284, 345, testament, lexicon, gasth, minjarez, renee, jobe, blair, 2006, 1038, gimo56, online, therapy, meltzer, 1913, 76506379, 3181, 00379727, proceedings, society, strychnin, cardiectomized, frogs, destroyed, hearts, demonstration, barlow, 1929, pharmacology, therapeutics, circulation, frog, web, brown, 2000, 11218379, 1093, oxfordjournals, epirev, a018040, 283, epidemiologic, epidemiology, routes, transmission, masaoka, tatsuhiro, tack, jan, 173, 20431741, 2852706, 5009, gnl, gastroparesis, concepts, lahner, conti, cicone, capriello, cazzato, centanni, annibale, virili, thyro, entero, pathophysiology, implications, patient, 209446096, 31864909, beem, best, pract, res, endocrinol, metab, cimini, arduini, guidi, hypothesis, 8428171, 1097, 00008469, 199301000, 00004, prev, cruchaud, juditz, 1968, 4180858, 1578967, 771, exp, immunol, analysis, anaemia, doniach, roitt, taylor, thyroiditis, family, 39456072, 5320499, 1749, 6632, tb18990, 1965nyasa, 605d, bibcode, 605, ann, acad, sci, lucas, conditioning, source, 460, 7875868, 15990126, physbeh, 006, 448, perez, carbohydrate, preferences, nutrient, preloads, 474, 23422504, 8700948, 0031, 9384, 02085, 467, araujo, ivan, oliveira, maia, albino, sotnikova, tatyana, gainetdinov, raul, caron, nicolelis, miguel, simon, sidney, 47453450, 18367093, 032, 930, reward, absence, signaling, uneyama, communication, modulates, 23319470, 20377626, 1460, 9568, 07136, 1136, kondoh, intragastric, administration, rats, 21764940, 19146916, neulet, 054, 190, 451, lett, 134, 25710052, 19835108, 1177, 026010600902000204, 119, herbst, 2004, suppl, 15142631, ijrobp, 2003, 041, radiation, oncology, physics, mcguire, michelle, beerman, kathy, cengage, 419, 133, 70738, sciences, fundamentals, debry, gérard, montrouge, libbey, eurotext, 129, 7420, 0037, ebook, coffee, intoximeters, alcohol, krehbiel, matthews, mello, peptides, betts, gordon, desaix, peter, eddie, jody, korol, oksana, kruse, dean, poe, brandon, wise, james, womble, mark, young, kelly, 2023, houston, openstax, cnx, 947172, incorporates, richard, gore, levine, 2332, textbook, radiology, sadler, langman, 12th, lww, baltimore, gary, schoenwolf, 4th, churchill, livingstone, 443, 06811, larsen, gremel, gabriela, wanders, alkwin, cedernaes, jonathan, edlund, karolina, pontén, fredrik, transcriptome, rna, sequencing, antibody, profiling, 21302849, 24789573, 0944, 1174, 1007, s00535, 014, 0958, lindskog, cecilia, oksvold, per, mardinoglu, adil, sivertsson, åsa, kampf, caroline, map, 6220, 802377, 25613900, 0036, 8075, 1126, 347, proteinatlas, 762, gallego, huidobro, pastor, april, 444, 8621343, 1167580, 0021, 8782, 439, 188, oesophagogastric, rana, perezi, 777, mescher, anthony, 16th, 337, distribution, significantly, reflecting, requirements, 1260462982, 334, junqueira, basic, efficiency, care, iqwig, library, feher, joseph, academic, 792, indentations, open, five, range, 0128031117, quantitative, introduction, siumed, siu, som, libretexts, welcome, menizibeya, osain, cham, switzerland, springer, 628, 1042217248, 319, 91056, mechanisms, regulation, kenhub, rochester, center, anne, agur, moore, keith, hagerstown, 172964542, 6274, essential, 114, 353, bibliographical, notes, lancet, 1902, 524, transactions, birmingham, mbrose, topographical, spleen, kidneys, 363, 385, weber, edwin, morrill, dissection, eighth, 1999, 157, 134624, habershon, practitioners, students, chicago, company, 1909, gov, brunicardi, charles, andersen, dana, eds, 9th, york, division, 154770, schwartz, standring, susan, 42nd, 1163, 1160, gray, tortora, gerard, derrickson, bryan, internat, student, hoboken, 942, 470, 23347, 937, morris, kerstein, goldberg, panter, david, tilson, howard, spiro, infarction, issue, 1974, 1238, 1239, 0016, s0016, 32710, curtis, helena, sue, barnes, worth, invitation, wenzel, idris, banner, kubilis, 1998, respiratory, compliance, cardiopulmonary, inflation, impact, tidal, calculated, peak, airway, pressure, 9863573, s0300, 9572, 00095, 113, lauralee, 1997, belmont, wadsworth, 35270048, 314, 09245, systems, chaurasia, 2013, vol, 6th, 4819, prahlad, street, ansari, road, daryaganj, delhi, 110002, india, cbs, publishers, distributors, 252, 239, 2331, 250, merriam, webster, definition, lesson, wesley, norman, georgetown, nosek, 2016, essentials, section, 6ch2, s6ch2_30, proton, pump, media, autopsy, rugae, branches, respective, molluscs, echinoderms, insect, insects, anteriorly, narrow, connecting, true, beyond, powerful, stones, swallows, grind, gizzard, proventriculus, crocodilians, birds, usually, even, distributions, correspond, same, furthermore, essentially, identical, particular, complex, chambered, chambers, final, chamber, abomasum, monogastric, dark, purple, nonglandular, green, yellow, comparison, glandular, mammalian, frequency, smoothly, diagrammed, asterisk, ruminant, represents, onto, variations, exist, precise, size, widely, relative, positions, openings, constant, result, curves, curving, meet, fish, directly, consume, diets, require, predigestion, teleost, lungfishes, chimaeras, hagfishes, lampreys, word, meaning, belly, γαστήρ, στόμα, stoma, stomachos, wrapped, stitched, treat, gerd, fundoplication, describe, carried, out, because, severe, perforation, heart, procedures, involve, order, lose, placed, adjust, limit, intake, bypassed, entirely, modified, bariatric, actually, noise, rumble, studies, indicated, cases, caused, infection, peptic, examine, often, another, method, examination, considered, gold, standard, assess, rate, endoscope, barium, swallow, series, radiographs, endoscopic, polyp, healthy, year, old, woman, endoscopy, defines, chronic, described, 1960s, coined, indicate, autoantibodies, late, stage, atrophic, complete, investigation, reporting, embryogenetically, phylogenetically, gastroenteric, migrated, specialized, elaboration, compounds, fact, share, concentrating, morphological, similarities, polarity, apical, antigens, associated, glycoproteins, thyroglobulin, mucin, peptide, readsorbing, lastly, iodotyrosines, peroxidase, electron, donor, years, researchers, thyrogastric, responsive, passed, signal, sense, independently, allows, value, tastes, glucose, palatability, limbic, lateral, hypothalamus, sodium, sensor, results, proliferation, differentiation, low, molecular, purified, mouse, tissues, seems, dietary, inorganic, important, physiological, maintenance, oro, integrity, biological, healing, inhibition, stimulation, dna, synthesis, protection, intraluminal, injurious, factors, bile, trypsin, physical, bacterial, agents, parotid, turn, off, action, yet, needs, push, busy, rare, manner, diminishes, smaller, numbers, increases, alkaline, neutralizes, pancreatic, increase, hcl, increased, especially, quantities, incompletely, inhibited, less, somatostatin, coordinated, flow, chemicals, controlled, autonomic, producing, metabolism, production, functioning, vitamin, extent, soluble, vitamins, caffeine, ingested, alcoholic, beverages, ethanol, medication, aspirin, dehydrated, certain, molecules, nevertheless, includes, completely, emptied, meal, eaten, take, amounts, heavy, fastest, meals, triglyceride, longest, digest, stay, longer, processing, fraction, typically, start, finish, produce, stores, undigested, gases, sit, mixed, activities, continue, until, incorporate, acidity, inactivates, breaking, triglycerides, mono, diglycerides, inhibit, prevents, ready, holds, filter, permitting, particles, pass, mostly, fully, closed, rhythmic, amount, would, overwhelm, capacity, handle, pushed, continues, repeated, next, few, moments, intervals, approximately, seconds, wave, type, mixes, softens, initial, gentle, intense, starting, increasing, reach, active, polypeptides, rounded, mass, releases, kills, inhibits, provides, churned, reducing, looping, boluses, converted, passes, extraction, peristaltic, bacteria, chewed, rotates, rotate, produces, expanding, thins, insulating, supplying, arterial, drained, origin, aorta, abuts, third, week, grows, surround, enveloped, portions, basis, network, consolidate, areas, define, differentiate, hindgut, vitelline, 000, nearly, just, specifically, compared, corresponding, suitable, handling, atpase, gastrokine, coding, bioinformatics, differ, meets, primarily, fewer, shallowly, positioned, kinds, either, ducts, resembling, produced, compound, racemose, present, converts, neuroendocrine, serotonin, bicarbonate, receive, changing, depending, position, coiled, surface, extend, mucosae, distinctive, along, inside, passageway, fast, tracks, entering, moving, semi, towards, shortening, auerbach, innervation, thick, tonically, constricted, forming, anatomically, discrete, concentric, axis, churns, physically, thicker, walls, performs, forceful, angles, distinct, possess, thickest, thus, occurs, thin, beneath, interior, meissner, fibrous, sets, drain, cisterna, chyli, supplies, arise, schematic, refers, rests, introduced, philip, polson, catholic, school, brought, disrepute, surgeon, anatomist, massey, colic, crus, mesocolon, suprarenal, kidney, tail, bed, stratified, squamous, connects, opens, gatekeeper, corpus, curved, marks, across, gives, dome, very, surrounds, colony, confused, thrace, expand, litre, depends, degree, surrounding, viscera, distended, obese, persons, newborn, baby, able, millilitres, adults, observed, extreme, circumstances, distensible, stimulant, networks, regulate, motor, plexuses, sympathetic, parasympathetic, against, behind, double, fold, visceral, hangs, keep, contained, abdominal, cavity, quadrant, passage, shortest, name, vital
Text of the page (random words):
ion from intraluminal injurious factors such as gastric acid bile acids pepsin and trypsin and from physical chemical and bacterial agents 42 stomach as nutrition sensor the human stomach has receptors responsive to sodium glutamate 43 and this information is passed to the lateral hypothalamus and limbic system in the brain as a palatability signal through the vagus nerve 44 the stomach can also sense independently of tongue and oral taste receptors glucose 45 carbohydrates 46 proteins 46 and fats 47 this allows the brain to link nutritional value of foods to their tastes 45 thyrogastric syndrome this syndrome defines the association between thyroid disease and chronic gastritis which was first described in the 1960s 48 this term was coined also to indicate the presence of thyroid autoantibodies or autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with pernicious anemia a late clinical stage of atrophic gastritis 49 in 1993 a more complete investigation on the stomach and thyroid was published 50 reporting that the thyroid is embryogenetically and phylogenetically derived from a primitive stomach and that the thyroid cells such as primitive gastroenteric cells migrated and specialized in uptake of iodide and in storage and elaboration of iodine compounds during vertebrate evolution in fact the stomach and thyroid share iodine concentrating ability and many morphological and functional similarities such as cell polarity and apical microvilli similar organ specific antigens and associated autoimmune diseases secretion of glycoproteins thyroglobulin and mucin and peptide hormones the digesting and readsorbing ability and lastly similar ability to form iodotyrosines by peroxidase activity where iodide acts as an electron donor in the presence of h 2 o 2 in the following years many researchers published reviews about this syndrome 51 clinical significance edit an endoscopy of a normal stomach of a healthy 65 year old woman endoscopic image of a fundic gland polyp diseases edit main article stomach disease a series of radiographs can be used to examine the stomach for various disorders this will often include the use of a barium swallow another method of examination of the stomach is the use of an endoscope a gastric emptying study is considered the gold standard to assess the gastric emptying rate 52 a large number of studies have indicated that most cases of peptic ulcers and gastritis in humans are caused by helicobacter pylori infection and an association has been seen with the development of stomach cancer 53 a stomach rumble is actually noise from the intestines surgery edit in humans many bariatric surgery procedures involve the stomach in order to lose weight a gastric band may be placed around the cardia area which can adjust to limit intake the anatomy of the stomach may be modified or the stomach may be bypassed entirely surgical removal of the stomach is called a gastrectomy and removal of the cardia area is a called a cardiectomy cardiectomy is a term that is also used to describe the removal of the heart 54 55 56 a gastrectomy may be carried out because of gastric cancer or severe perforation of the stomach wall fundoplication is stomach surgery in which the fundus is wrapped around the lower esophagus and stitched into place it is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease gerd 57 etymology edit the word stomach is derived from greek stomachos στόμαχος ultimately from stoma στόμα mouth 58 gastro and gastric meaning related to the stomach are both derived from greek gaster γαστήρ belly 59 60 61 other animals edit although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates the relative positions of the esophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant as a result the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter however lampreys hagfishes chimaeras lungfishes and some teleost fish have no stomach at all with the esophagus opening directly into the intestine these animals all consume diets that require little storage of food no predigestion with gastric juices or both 62 comparison of stomach glandular regions from several mammalian species frequency of glands may vary more smoothly between regions than is diagrammed here asterisk ruminant represents the omasum which is absent in tylopoda tylopoda also have some cardiac glands opening onto ventral reticulum and rumen 63 many other variations exist among the mammals 64 65 yellow esophagus green esophageal nonglandular region 66 purple cardiac gland region 66 red fundic gland region 66 blue pyloric gland region 66 dark blue duodenum the gastric lining is usually divided into two regions an anterior portion lined by fundic glands and a posterior portion lined with pyloric glands cardiac glands are unique to mammals and even then are absent in a number of species the distributions of these glands vary between species and do not always correspond with the same regions as in humans furthermore in many non human mammals a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the esophagus ruminants in particular have a complex four chambered stomach the first three chambers rumen reticulum and omasum are all lined with esophageal mucosa 62 while the final chamber functions like a monogastric stomach which is called the abomasum in birds and crocodilians the stomach is divided into two regions anteriorly is a narrow tubular region the proventriculus lined by fundic glands and connecting the true stomach to the crop beyond lies the powerful muscular gizzard lined by pyloric glands and in some species containing stones that the animal swallows to help grind up food 62 in insects there is also a crop the insect stomach is called the midgut information about the stomach in echinoderms or molluscs can be found under the respective articles additional images edit image showing the celiac artery and its branches a human stomach at autopsy showing the many folds rugae high quality image of the stomach see also edit wikimedia commons has media related to stomach gastroesophageal reflux disease gastric microbiota proton pump inhibitor references edit nosek thomas m section 6 6ch2 s6ch2_30 essentials of human physiology archived from the original on 2016 03 24 the stomach at the anatomy lesson by wesley norman georgetown university definition of gastric www merriam webster com 12 may 2025 retrieved 13 may 2025 1 2 3 4 5 chaurasia b d 2013 19 human anatomy vol 2 6th ed 4819 xi prahlad street ansari road daryaganj new delhi 110002 india cbs publishers and distributors pp 250 252 isbn 978 81 239 2331 4 cite book cs1 maint location link sherwood lauralee 1997 human physiology from cells to systems belmont ca wadsworth pub co isbn 978 0 314 09245 8 oclc 35270048 wenzel v idris ah banner mj kubilis ps band r williams jl et al 1998 respiratory system compliance decreases after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and stomach inflation impact of large and small tidal volumes on calculated peak airway pressure resuscitation 38 2 113 8 doi 10 1016 s0300 9572 98 00095 1 pmid 9863573 curtis helena n sue barnes 1994 invitation to biology 5 ed worth morris d kerstein barry goldberg barry panter m david tilson howard spiro gastric infarction gastroenterology volume 67 issue 6 1974 pages 1238 1239 issn 0016 5085 https doi org 10 1016 s0016 5085 19 32710 6 tortora gerard j derrickson bryan h 2009 principles of anatomy and physiology 12 internat student version ed hoboken nj wiley pp 937 942 isbn 978 0 470 23347 4 1 2 3 4 5 standring susan gray s anatomy 42nd ed elsevier pp 1160 1163 1 2 brunicardi f charles andersen dana k et al eds 2010 schwartz s principles of surgery 9th ed new york mcgraw hill medical pub division isbn 978 0 07 154770 3 1 2 3 anatomy of the stomach seer training training seer cancer gov retrieved 7 august 2025 habershon s h diseases of the stomach a manual for practitioners and students chicago medical book company 1909 page 11 weber john and shearer edwin morrill shearer s manual of human dissection eighth edition mcgraw hill 1999 page 157 isbn 0 07 134624 4 transactions of the royal academy of medicine in ireland volume 14 1896 birmingham a mbrose topographical anatomy of the spleen pancreas duodenum kidneys c pages 363 385 retrieved 29 february 2011 the lancet volume 1 part 1 22 february 1902 page 524 royal academy of medicine in ireland retrieved 28 february 2012 the dublin journal of medical science volume 114 page 353 reviews and bibliographical notes retrieved 28 february 2012 anne m r agur moore keith l 2007 essential clinical anatomy point lippincott williams wilkins hagerstown md lippincott williams wilkins isbn 978 0 7817 6274 8 oclc 172964542 p 150 university of rochester medical center 2020 archived from the original on 2021 11 19 retrieved 2021 12 19 stomach histology kenhub retrieved 2021 01 09 welcome menizibeya osain 2018 gastrointestinal physiology development principles and mechanisms of regulation cham switzerland springer p 628 isbn 978 3 319 91056 7 oclc 1042217248 22 5c muscularis medicine libretexts 2018 07 22 retrieved 2024 02 09 siu som histology gi www siumed edu archived from the original on 2021 01 11 retrieved 2021 01 09 feher joseph 2017 quantitative human physiology an introduction 2nd ed academic press p 792 isbn 978 0128031117 gastric pits are indentations in the stomach that each open into four or five range 2 7 gastric glands how does the stomach work national institute of health national library of medicine institute for quality and efficiency in health care iqwig 21 august 2009 retrieved 16 june 2024 mescher anthony l 2021 junqueira s basic histology text and atlas 16th ed mcgraw hill pp 334 337 isbn 978 1260462982 the distribution of cell types within gastric glands varies significantly between the cardiac fundic and pyloric regions reflecting the specific digestive requirements of each area 1 2 dorland s 2012 dorland s illustrated medical dictionary 32nd ed elsevier p 777 isbn 978 1 4160 6257 8 gallego huidobro j pastor l m april 1996 histology of the mucosa of the oesophagogastric junction and the stomach in adult rana perezi journal of anatomy 188 pt 2 439 444 issn 0021 8782 pmc 1167580 pmid 8621343 dorland s 2012 dorland s illustrated medical dictionary 32nd ed elsevier p 762 isbn 978 1 4160 6257 8 the human proteome in stomach the human protein atlas www proteinatlas org retrieved 2017 09 25 uhlén mathias fagerberg linn hallström björn m lindskog cecilia oksvold per mardinoglu adil sivertsson åsa kampf caroline sjöstedt evelina 2015 01 23 tissue based map of the human proteome science 347 6220 1260419 doi 10 1126 science 1260419 issn 0036 8075 pmid 25613900 s2cid 802377 gremel gabriela wanders alkwin cedernaes jonathan fagerberg linn hallström björn edlund karolina sjöstedt evelina uhlén mathias pontén fredrik 2015 01 01 the human gastrointestinal tract specific transcriptome and proteome as defined by rna sequencing and antibody based profiling journal of gastroenterology 50 1 46 57 doi 10 1007 s00535 014 0958 7 issn 0944 1174 pmid 24789573 s2cid 21302849 1 2 3 gary c schoenwolf 2009 development of the gastrointestinal tract larsen s human embryology 4th ed philadelphia churchill livingstone elsevier isbn 978 0 443 06811 9 sadler t w 2011 langman s medical embryology 12th edition lww baltimore md richard m gore marc s levine 2007 textbook of gastrointestinal radiology philadelphia pa saunders isbn 978 1 4160 2332 6 1 2 this article incorporates text available under the cc by 4 0 license betts j gordon desaix peter johnson eddie johnson jody e korol oksana kruse dean poe brandon wise james womble mark d young kelly a september 13 2023 anatomy physiology houston openstax cnx 23 4 the stomach isbn 978 1 947172 04 3 krehbiel c r matthews j c absorption of amino acids and peptides pdf in d mello j p f ed amino acids in animal nutrition 2nd ed pp 41 70 archived from the original pdf on 2015 07 15 retrieved 2015 04 25 alcohol and the human body intoximeters inc retrieved 30 july 2012 debry gérard 1994 coffee and health pdf ebook montrouge john libbey eurotext p 129 isbn 978 2 7420 0037 1 retrieved 2015 04 26 mcguire michelle beerman kathy 2012 01 01 nutritional sciences from fundamentals to food 3 ed cengage learning p 419 isbn 978 1 133 70738 7 herbst rs 2004 review of epidermal growth factor receptor biology international journal of radiation oncology biology physics 59 2 suppl 21 6 doi 10 1016 j ijrobp 2003 11 041 pmid 15142631 venturi s venturi m 2009 iodine in evolution of salivary glands and in oral health nutrition and health 20 2 119 134 doi 10 1177 026010600902000204 pmid 19835108 s2cid 25710052 uematsu a tsurugizawa t kondoh t torii k 2009 conditioned flavor preference learning by intragastric administration of l glutamate in rats neurosci lett 451 3 190 3 doi 10 1016 j neulet 2008 12 054 pmid 19146916 s2cid 21764940 uematsu a tsurugizawa t uneyama h torii k 2010 brain gut communication via vagus nerve modulates conditioned flavor preference eur j neurosci 31 6 1136 43 doi 10 1111 j 1460 9568 2010 07136 x pmid 20377626 s2cid 23319470 1 2 de araujo ivan e oliveira maia albino j sotnikova tatyana d gainetdinov raul r caron marc g nicolelis miguel a l simon sidney a 2008 food reward in the absence of taste receptor signaling neuron 57 6 930 41 doi 10 1016 j neuron 2008 01 032 pmid 18367093 s2cid 47453450 1 2 perez c ackroff k sclafani a 1996 carbohydrate and protein conditioned flavor preferences effects of nutrient preloads physiol behav 59 3 467 474 doi 10 1016 0031 9384 95 02085 3 pmid 8700948 s2cid 23422504 ackroff k lucas f sclafani a 2005 flavor preference conditioning as a function of fat source physiol behav 85 4 448 460 doi 10 1016 j physbeh 2005 05 006 pmid 15990126 s2cid 7875868 doniach d roitt i m taylor k b 1965 autoimmunity in pernicious anemia and thyroiditis a family study ann n y acad sci 124 2 605 25 bibcode 1965nyasa 124 605d doi 10 1111 j 1749 6632 1965 tb18990 x pmid 5320499 s2cid 39456072 cruchaud a juditz e 1968 an analysis of gastric parietal cell antibodies and thyroid cell antibodies in patients with pernicious anaemia and thyroid disorders clin exp immunol 3 8 771 81 pmc 1578967 pmid 4180858 venturi s venturi a cimini d arduini c venturi m guidi a 1993 a new hypothesis iodine and gastric cancer eur j cancer prev 2 1 17 23 doi 10 1097 00008469 199301000 00004 pmid 8428171 cite journal cs1 maint multiple names authors list link lahner e conti l cicone f capriello s cazzato m centanni m annibale b virili c 2019 thyro entero gastric autoimmunity pathophysiology and implications for patient management a review best pract res clin endocrinol metab 33 6 101373 doi 10 1016 j beem 2019 101373 pmid 31864909 s2cid 209446096 cite journal cs1 maint multiple names authors list link masaoka tatsuhiro tack jan 30 september 2009 gastroparesis current concepts and management gut and liver...
|
