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rc 4000 multiprogramming system wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 overview 2 see also 3 references toggle the table of contents rc 4000 multiprogramming system 1 language español edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from rc 4000 multiprogramming system technological system discontinued this article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations january 2019 learn how and when to remove this message operating system rc 4000 multiprogramming system developer regnecentralen working state discontinued initial release 1969 57 years ago 1969 marketing target research available in english update method compile from source code supported platforms rc 4000 kernel type microkernel the rc 4000 multiprogramming system also termed monitor or rc 4000 depending on reference is a discontinued operating system developed for the rc 4000 third generation computer in 1969 1 for clarity this article mostly uses the term monitor overview edit the rc 4000 multiprogramming system was the first attempt to break down an operating system into a group of interacting programs communicating via a message passing kernel rc 4000 was not widely used but was highly influential sparking the microkernel concept that dominated operating system research through the 1970s and 1980s monitor was created largely by one programmer per brinch hansen who worked at regnecentralen where the rc 4000 was being designed leif svalgaard participated in implementing and testing monitor brinch hansen found that no existing operating system was suited to the new machine and was tired of having to adapt existing systems he felt that a better solution was to build an underlying kernel which he referred to as the nucleus that could be used to build up an operating system from interacting programs unix for instance uses small interacting programs for many tasks transferring data through a system called pipelines or pipes however a large amount of fundamental code is integrated into the kernel things like file systems and program control monitor would relocate such code also making almost the entire system a set of interacting programs reducing the kernel nucleus to a communications and support system only monitor used a pipe like system of shared memory as the basis of its inter process communication ipc data to be sent from one process to another was copied into an empty memory data buffer and when the receiving program was ready back out again the buffer was then returned to the pool programs had a very simple application programming interface api for passing data using an asynchronous set of four methods client applications send data with send message and could optionally block using wait answer servers used a mirroring set of calls wait message and send answer note that messages had an implicit return path for every message sent making the semantics more like a remote procedure call than mach s completely input output i o based system monitor divided the application space in two internal processes were the execution of traditional programs started on request while external processes were effectively device drivers external processes were handled outside of user space by the nucleus although they could be started and stopped just like any other program internal processes were started in the context of the parent that launched them so each user could effectively build up their own operating system by starting and stopping programs in their own context scheduling was left entirely to the programs if required at all in the 1960s computer multitasking was a feature of debatable value one user could start a session in a pre emptive multitasking environment while another might start in a single user mode to run batch processing at higher speed real time scheduling could be supported by sending messages to a timer process that would only return at the appropriate time these two areas have seen the vast majority of development since monitor s release driving newer designs to use hardware to support messaging and supporting threads within applications to reduce launch times for instance mach required a memory management unit to improve messaging by using the copy on write protocol and mapping instead of copying data from process to process mach also used threading extensively allowing the external programs or servers in more modern terms to easily start up new handlers for incoming requests still mach ipc was too slow to make the microkernel approach practically useful this only changed when jochen liedtke s l4 microkernel demonstrated ipc overheads reduced by an order of magnitude see also edit the multiprogramming system timeline of operating systems references edit nuclear lecture note for 221 yutingwang gitbooks io retrieved 10 april 2024 hansen per brinch 1970 the nucleus of a multiprogramming operating system pdf communications of the acm 13 4 association for computing machinery 238 250 citeseerx 10 1 1 105 4204 doi 10 1145 362258 362278 s2cid 9414037 cite journal cite uses deprecated parameter citeseerx help rc 4000 software multiprogramming system rc 4000 reference manual at bitsavers org v t e microkernels nanokernels kernels l4 family eumel l3 l4 macintosh hosted mac os nanokernel nukernel psion eka1 eka2 amiga type exec execsg quark warpos eros k42 little kernel mach gnu mach microempix µ velosity nucleus off plan b opus powerup rtlinux ti rtos kernel vanguard operating systems posix support unix like arx gnu hurd lites meikos minix minix vmd minix 3 mklinux multi environment real time mert unix rt os2000 qnx redoxos spring tinix unicos vsta partial chorusos integrity nucleus rtos nuttx ose riot capability based gnosis keykos eros capros hydra sel4 midori nltss harmonyos next openharmony oniro os harmonyos l4 kernel l 4 linux pikeos rex os wombat java virtual machine javaos chorus jazz integrates chorusos jx macintosh hosted unix like machten macmach copland classic mac os powerpc kernel psion epoc symbian os amiga type amigaos aros aspireos broadway icaros desktop morphos microsoft singularity threadx verve aim alliance pink taligent os workplace os amoeba bertos chibios rt freertos helenos µc os mqx opencomrtos phantom os rc 4000 sharpos spin thoth harmony v vrtx frameworks kits cosmos genode ti rtos developers gordon bell thomas bushnell david cheriton dan dodge per brinch hansen gernot heiser jochen liedtke james g mitchell ike nassi richard rashid andrew s tanenbaum avie tevanian william wulf italics discontinued real time open source software category microkernel based operating systems category microkernels retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title rc_4000_multiprogramming_system oldid 1370890196 categories microkernel based operating systems microkernels 1969 software hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles lacking in text citations from january 2019 all articles lacking in text citations use dmy dates from september 2021 short description is different from wikidata cs1 errors deprecated parameters this page was last edited on 23 august 2026 at 16 22 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents rc 4000 multiprogramming system 1 language add topic
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