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2 4 million 2013 1 language family niger congo atlantic congo volta congo benue congo bantoid southern bantoid bantu southern bantu nguni tekela swati writing system latin swazi alphabet swazi braille ditema tsa dinoko signed forms signed swazi official status official language in south africa eswatini language codes iso 639 1 ss iso 639 2 ssw iso 639 3 ssw glottolog swat1243 guthrie code s 43 2 linguasphere 99 aut fe swati swazi person li swati people ema swati language si swati country e swatini geographical distribution of swati in south africa proportion of the population that speaks swati at home 0 20 20 40 40 60 60 80 80 100 geographical distribution of swati in south africa density of swati home language speakers 1 km² 1 3 km² 3 10 km² 10 30 km² 30 100 km² 100 300 km² 300 1000 km² 1000 3000 km² 3000 km² swazi or swati also known natively as siswati is a bantu language of the nguni group spoken in eswatini formerly swaziland and south africa by the swati people the number of speakers is estimated to be in the region of 4 7 million including first and second language speakers 1 the language is taught in eswatini and some south african schools in mpumalanga particularly former kangwane areas swati is an official language of eswatini along with english and is also one of the twelve official languages of south africa 3 the official term is siswati among native speakers in english zulu ndebele or xhosa it may be referred to as swazi swati is most closely related to the other tekela languages like phuthi and northern transvaal sumayela ndebele but is also very close to the zunda languages zulu southern ndebele northern ndebele and xhosa dialects edit the swati spoken in eswatini can be divided into four dialects corresponding to the four administrative regions of the country hhohho lubombo manzini and shiselweni swati has at least two varieties the standard prestige variety spoken mainly in the north centre and southwest of the country and a less prestigious variety spoken elsewhere in the far south especially in towns such as nhlangano and hlatikhulu the variety of the language spoken is significantly influenced by zulu many swazis plural emaswati singular liswati including those in the south who speak this variety do not regard it as proper swati this is what may be referred to as the second dialect in the country the sizeable number of swati speakers in south africa mainly in the mpumalanga province and in soweto are considered by eswatini swati speakers to speak a non standard form of the language unlike the variant in the south of eswatini the mpumalanga variety appears to be less influenced by zulu and is thus considered closer to standard swati however this mpumalanga variety is distinguishable by distinct intonation and perhaps distinct tone patterns intonation patterns and informal perceptions of stress in mpumalanga swazi are often considered discordant to the swazi ear this south african variety of swati is considered to exhibit influence from other south african languages spoken close to swati a feature of the standard prestige variety of swati spoken in the north and centre of eswatini is the royal style of slow heavily stressed enunciation which is anecdotally claimed to have a mellifluous feel to its hearers phonology edit vowels edit swazi vowels front back close i u mid ɛ e ɔ o open a consonants edit swazi does not distinguish between places of articulation in its clicks they are dental as ǀ or might also be alveolar as ǃ it does however distinguish five or six manners of articulation and phonation including tenuis aspirated voiced breathy voiced nasal and breathy voiced nasal 4 swazi consonants labial dental alveolar lateral post alveolar velar glottal plain nasal plain nasal click plain ᵏǀ ᵑǀ aspirated ᵏǀʰ ᵑǀʰ breathy ᶢǀʱ ᵑǀʱ nasal m n ɲ ŋ ŋɡ plosive ejective pʼ tʼ kʼ k̬ aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ breathy bʱ dʱ ɡʱ implosive ɓ affricate voiceless tf tsʼ tsʰ tʃʼ kxʼ voiced dv dzʱ dʒʱ fricative voiceless f s ɬ ʃ h h̃ voiced v z ɮ ʒ ɦ ɦ̃ approximant w l j the consonants tsʼ kʼ ŋ each have two allophones tsʼ and kʼ can occur as ejective sounds tsʼ and kʼ or as their other common allophones tsʰ and k̬ the sound ŋ at the beginning of stems is ŋ and is usually ŋɡ within words 4 5 6 tone edit swazi exhibits three surface tones high mid and low tone is unwritten in the standard orthography traditionally only the high and mid tones are taken to exist phonemically with the low tone conditioned by a preceding depressor consonant bradshaw 2003 however argues that all three tones exist underlyingly phonological processes acting on tone include when a stem with non high tone receives a prefix with underlying high tone this high tone moves to the antepenult or to the penult when the onset of the antepenult is a depressor high spread all syllables between two high tones become high as long as no depressor intervenes this happens not only word internally but also across a word boundary between a verb and its object the depressor consonants are all voiced obstruents other than ɓ the allophone ŋ of ŋɡ appears to behave as a depressor for some rules but not others 7 orthography edit this section should specify the language of its non english content using lang or langx transliteration for transliterated languages and ipa for phonetic transcriptions with an appropriate iso 639 code wikipedia s multilingual support templates may also be used notably ssw for swati see why november 2021 screenshot of the swazi language wikipedia vowels edit a a e ɛ e i i o ɔ o u u consonants edit b ɓ bh bʱ c ᵏǀ ch ᵏǀʰ d dʱ dl ɮ dv dv dz dz f f g gʱ gc ᶢǀʱ h h hh ɦ hl ɬ j dʒʱ k kʼ k̬ kh kʰ kl kɬ l l m m mb mb n n nc ᵑǀ nch ᵑǀʰ ndl ⁿɮ ng ŋ ŋɡ ngc ᵑǀʱ nhl ⁿɫ p pʼ ph pʰ q kʼ k̬ s s sh ʃ t tʼ tf tf th tʰ tj tʃʼ ts tsʼ tsʰ v v w w y j z z zh ʒ 8 labialised consonants edit dvw dvʷ khw kʰʷ lw lʷ nkhw ᵑkʰʷ ngw ᵑ g ʷ sw sʷ vw vʷ grammar edit nouns edit the swazi noun libito consists of two essential parts the prefix sicalo and the stem umsuka using the prefixes nouns can be grouped into noun classes which are numbered consecutively to ease comparison with other bantu languages the following table gives an overview of swazi noun classes arranged according to singular plural pairs class singular plural 1 2 um u a ba be 1a 2a ø bo 3 4 um u a imi 5 6 li ema 7 8 s i b t i b 9 10 in c tin c 11 10 lu lw tin c 14 bu b tj 15 ku 17 ku 1 2 umu replaces um before monosyllabic stems e g umu ntfu person 1 2 s and t replace si and ti respectively before stems beginning with a vowel e g s andla t andla hand hands 1 2 3 the placeholder n in the prefixes in and tin stands for m n or no letter at all verbs edit verbs use the following affixes for the subject and the object person class prefix infix 1st sing ngi ngi 2nd sing u wu 1st plur si si 2nd plur ni ni 1 u m u 2 ba ba 3 u m u 4 i yi 5 li li 6 a wa 7 si si 8 ti ti 9 i yi 10 ti ti 11 lu lu 14 bu bu 15 ku ku 17 ku ku reflexive ti counting in swazi swati edit counting from 1 to 10 edit the digital numerical counting etiquette on the fingers begins with the little finger of the left hand to the left thumb and then continues with the right hand thumb towards the right little finger starting with a closed left hand each finger is extended with each subsequent number from one to five once the left hand is open then counting continues on the right hand with each finger opening in turn it is noteworthy that in swazi swati the names for the numbers six to nine reflect either the anatomical name of the digit six sitsupha means thumb action seven sikhombisa isiswazi isiswati english kunye one kubili two kutsatfu three kune four sihlanu five sitsupha six sikhombisa seven siphohlongo eight imfica nine lishumi ten likhulu hundred inkhulungwane thousand months edit swazi month names english swazi swati january ngubhimbidvwane february yindlovana march yindlovulenkhulu april ngumabasa may yinkhwekhweti june yinhlaba july ngukholwane august ingci september inyoni october imphala november lweti december yingongoni days of the week edit english swazi swati monday msombuluko tuesday lwesibili wednesday lwesitsatfu thursday lwesine friday lwesihlanu saturday mgcibelo sunday lisontfo sample text edit the following example of text is article 1 of the universal declaration of human rights bonkhe bantfu batalwa bakhululekile balingana ngalokufananako ngesitfunti nangemalungelo baphiwe ingcondvo nekucondza kanye nanembeza ngakoke bafanele batiphatse futsi baphatse nalabanye ngemoya webuzalwane 9 the declaration reads in english all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights they are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood 10 references edit 1 2 3 swati at ethnologue 26th ed 2023 jouni filip maho 2009 new updated guthrie list online the na approves south african sign language as the 12th official language parliament of south africa 1 2 taljaard p c khumalo j n bosch s e 1991 handbook of siswati pretoria j l van schaik corum claudia w 1991 an introduction to the swazi siswati language indiana university bloomington indiana university linguistics pp 2 7 2 20 cite book cs1 maint publisher location link ziervogel dirk mabuza enos john 1976 a grammar of the swati language siswati pretoria j l van schaik bradshaw mary m 2003 consonant tone interaction in siswati 음성음운형태론연구 9 2 277 294 retrieved 11 may 2019 swati alphabet pronunciation and language omniglot retrieved 10 july 2021 universal declaration of human rights siswati office of the united nations high commissioner for human rights retrieved 28 may 2020 universal declaration of human rights wikisource org retrieved 20 december 2018 external links edit swati edition of wikipedia the free encyclopedia look up swazi in wiktionary the free dictionary wikivoyage has a phrasebook for swazi panafrican l10n page on swazi tinanatelo ne tibongo tema swati software edit project to translate free software into swazi swazi edition of openoffice org swazi spell checker for openoffice org and mozilla basic v t e languages of south africa pan south african language board commission for cultural religious and linguistic community rights department of arts and culture official west germanic afrikaans english southern bantu sotho tswana northern sotho sesotho sa leboa southern sotho sesotho tswana setswana nguni southern ndebele isindebele swazi siswati xhosa isixhosa zulu isizulu tswa ronga tsonga xitsonga venda venda tshivenḓa north west european sign language british sign language bsl family sa sign language recognised unofficial languages mentioned in the 1996 constitution indigenous bhaca khoe khoisan lala lozi nama nhlangwini northern ndebele phuthi tuu foreign german greek gujarati hindi portuguese malay historical tamil telugu urdu religious arabic hebrew sanskrit other lgbtq slang gayle isingqumo other tsotsitaal and camtho oorlams creole fanagalo pretoria sotho scamto angloromani kaaps v t e languages of eswatini official languages english swazi swati non official languages afrikaans tsonga zulu v t e languages of mozambique official language portuguese indigenous languages barwe chewa chichopi chitonga chuwabu dema gitonga kimwani koti kunda lomwe maindo makhuwa makonde makwe manyika nathembo ndau ngoni nsenga nyungwe phimbi ronga sena shona swahili swati tawara tewe tsonga tswa yao immigrant languages arabic mozambican arabic english hindi punjabi sign languages mozambican sign language v t e narrow bantu languages zones n s by guthrie classification zone n n10 n11 manda n12 ngoni n13 matengo n14 mpoto n15 tonga n101 ndendeule n102 nindi n121 ngoni of malawi n20 n21 tumbuka n201 mwera of mbamba bay n30 n31a nyanja n31b cewa n31c manganja n40 n41 nsenga n42 kunda n43 nyungwe n44 sena n45 44 rue n46 44 podzo n441 sena malawi zone p p10 p11 ndengereko p12 ruihi p13 matumbi p14 ngindo p15 mbunga p20 p21 yao p22 mwera p23 makonde p24 ndonde p25 mabiha p30 p31 makua p32 lomwe p33 ngulu p34 cuabo p311 koti p312 sakati p331 lomwe of malawi p341 moniga zone r r10 r11 umbundu r12 ndombe r13 nyaneka r14 khumbi r101 kuvale r102 kwisi r103 mbali r20 r21 kwanyama r22 ndonga r23 kwambi r24 ngandyera r211 kafima r212 evale r213 mbandja r214 mbalanhu r215 ndongwena r216 kwankwa r217 dombondola r218 esinga r241 kwaluudhi r242 kolonkadhi eunda r30 r31 herero r311 north west herero r312 botswana herero r40 r41 yei zone s s10 s11 korekore s12 zezuru s13a manyika s13b tebe s14 karanga s15 ndau s16 kalanga s20 s21 venda s30 s31a tswana s31b kgatla s31c ngwatu s31d 311 khalaxadi s32a pedi s32b lobedu s33 sotho s301 phalaborwa s302 kutswe s303 pai s304 pulana s40 s41 xhosa s42 zulu s43 swati s44 northern ndebele s401 old mfengu s402 bhaca s403 hlubi s404 phuthi s405 nhlangwini s406 lala s407 south ndebele s408 sumayela ndebele s50 s51 tswa s52 53 gwamba s53 tsonga s54 ronga s511 hlengwe s60 s61 copi s62 tonga s611 lenge italics indicate extinct languages languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left the guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them narrow bantu languages by guthrie classification zone templates template narrow bantu languages zones a b template narrow bantu languages zones c d template narrow bantu languages zones e h template narrow bantu languages zones j m template narrow bantu languages zones n s authority control databases international gnd national united states france bnf data israel other idref yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title swazi_language oldid 1375364681 categories swazi language nguni languages languages of eswatini languages of south africa languages of lesotho languages of mozambique hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use south african english from december 2018 all wikipedia articles written in south african english use dmy dates from november 2022 language articles citing ethnologue 26 articles containing swazi language text pages with swazi ipa language articles with linguasphere code languages with iso 639 2 code languages with iso 639 1 code pages with plain ipa cs1 maint publisher location cs1 uses korean language script ko pages with non english text lacking appropriate markup from november 2021 articles containing swahili macrolanguage language text this page was last edited on 17 september 2026 at 10 53 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents swazi 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