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arrested on charges related to the murder of maurice bishop and seven others the 18 included the top political leadership of grenada at the time of the execution along with the entire military chain of command directly responsible for the operation that led to the executions fourteen were sentenced to death one was found not guilty and three were sentenced to 45 years in prison the death sentences were eventually commuted to terms of imprisonment those in prison have become known as the grenada 17 55 since 1983 edit when us troops withdrew from grenada in december 1983 governor general scoon appointed an interim advisory council chaired by nicholas brathwaite to organise new elections 56 the first democratic elections since 1976 were held in december 1984 and were won by the new national party under herbert blaize who served as prime minister until his death in december 1989 57 58 ben jones briefly succeeded blaize as prime minister and served until the march 1990 election 59 60 this election was won by the national democratic congress under nicholas brathwaite who served as prime minister until he resigned in february 1995 61 he was succeeded by george brizan for a brief period 62 until the june 1995 election which was won by the new national party under keith mitchell who went on to win the 1999 and 2003 elections serving for a record 13 years until 2008 23 mitchell re established relations with cuba and also reformed the country s banking system which had come under criticism over potential money laundering concerns 14 23 24 in 2000 02 much of the controversy of the late 1970s and early 1980s was once again brought into the public consciousness with the opening of the truth and reconciliation commission 23 the commission was chaired by a roman catholic priest father mark haynes and was tasked with uncovering injustices arising from the pra bishop s regime and before it held a number of hearings around the country brother robert fanovich head of presentation brothers college pbc in st george s tasked some of his senior students with conducting a research project into the era and specifically into the fact that maurice bishop s body was never discovered 63 42 aftermath of hurricane ivan in grenada on 7 september 2004 after being hurricane free for 49 years the island was directly hit by hurricane ivan 64 ivan struck as a category 3 hurricane resulting in 39 deaths and damage or destruction to 90 of the island s homes 14 23 24 on 14 july 2005 hurricane emily a category 1 hurricane at the time struck the northern part of the island with 80 knot 150 km h 92 mph winds killing one person and causing an estimated us 110 million ec 297 million worth of damage 14 24 65 agriculture and in particular the nutmeg industry suffered serious losses but that event caused changes in crop management and it is hoped that as new nutmeg trees mature the industry will gradually rebuild mitchell was defeated in the 2008 election by the ndc under tillman thomas 66 67 however he won the 2013 grenadian general election by a landslide and the nnp returned to power 68 winning again by another landslide in 2018 69 in march 2020 grenada confirmed its first case of covid 19 and as of 17 march 2022 update 13 921 cases and 217 deaths had been recorded 70 on 23 june 2022 the ndc won the general election under dickon mitchell who became prime minister the following day 71 on 1 july 2024 hurricane beryl struck the island of carriacou as a category 4 hurricane causing widespread damage across all of grenada and carriacou on carriacou there was no electricity and limited communication throughout the rest of the country 95 of customers had no power and telecommunications were also damaged 72 geography edit main article geography of grenada a map of grenada the island of grenada is the southernmost island in the antilles archipelago bordering the eastern caribbean sea and the western atlantic ocean and roughly 140 km 90 mi north of both venezuela and trinidad and tobago its sister islands make up the southern section of the grenadines which include carriacou petite martinique ronde island caille island diamond island large island saline island and frigate island the remaining islands to the north belong to st vincent and the grenadines most of the population lives in grenada and major towns there include the capital st george s grenville and gouyave the largest settlement on the sister islands is hillsborough on carriacou grenada is of volcanic origin 7 as evident in its soil mountainous interior and several explosion craters including lake antoine grand etang and levera pond grenada s highest point is mount st catherine rising to 840 m 2 760 ft above sea level 7 other major mountains include mount granby and south east mountain several small rivers with waterfalls flow into the sea from these mountains the coastline contains several bays most notably on the southern coast split into numerous thin peninsulas grenada is home to four ecoregions windward islands moist forests leeward islands dry forests windward islands dry forests and windward islands xeric scrub 73 it had a 2018 forest landscape integrity index mean score of 4 22 10 ranking it 131st globally out of 172 countries 74 an aerial photo of the capital st george s climate edit the climate is tropical hot and humid in the dry season and cooled by the moderate rainfall in the rainy season temperatures range from 22 32 c 72 90 f and are rarely below 18 c 64 f grenada lies at the southern edge of the main development region for tropical cyclone activity though the island has suffered only four landfalling hurricanes in the last several decades 75 hurricane janet passed over grenada on 23 september 1955 with winds of 185 km h 115 mph causing severe damage the most recent storm to hit grenada was hurricane beryl on 1 july 2024 a strong category 4 hurricane which set the record for the earliest forming category 5 hurricane in recorded history and the strongest hurricane to develop within the main development region mdr of the atlantic before the month of july while all three inhabited grenadian islands were impacted it passed directly over the island of carriacou causing total devastation and the damage and destruction of many vessels both in water and ashore in tyrrel bay and the carriacou mangroves petit martinique also suffered considerable damage with much more limited damage occurring on the main island of grenada mainly on the windward and northern portions of the island grenada was also impacted by hurricane ivan on 7 september 2004 76 which caused severe damage and thirty nine deaths and hurricane emily on 14 july 2005 which peaked as a category 5 hurricane on 16 july over the greater caribbean region hurricane emily caused serious damage in carriacou and in the north of grenada which had been relatively lightly affected by hurricane ivan grenada has had to be put on a tropical storm watch several times since 75 it took over five years to officially recover from ivan although recovery continued for decades after e g the st george s anglican church and the st andrew s presbyterian church scots kirk were restored in 2021 77 on 1 july 2024 hurricane beryl slammed into grenada causing damage throughout the country but especially in carriacou and petite martinique where the eye of the storm passed 78 beryl gained international attention in part because of its rapid intensification from a tropical storm to category 4 hurricane within just 48 hours 79 fauna edit main article list of mammals of grenada like much of the caribbean grenada is depauperate of large animals however native opossums armadillos and introduced mona monkeys and mongooses are common as of june 2024 the avifauna of grenada included a total of 199 species according to bird checklists of the world of these one is endemic grenada dove one has been introduced by humans rock pigeon and 130 are rare or accidental 80 geology edit main article geology of grenada approximately 2 million years ago in the pliocene era the area of what is nowadays grenada emerged from a shallow sea as a submarine volcano in recent times volcanic activity has been non existent except for some of its hot spring and underwater volcano kick em jenny most of grenada s terrain is made up of volcanic activity that took place 1 2 million years ago citation needed there would have been many unknown volcanoes responsible for the formation of grenada including grenada s capital st george s with its horseshoe shaped harbour the carenage two extinct volcanoes which are now crater lakes grand etang lake and lake antoine would have also contributed to the formation of grenada government and politics edit main article politics of grenada charles iii king of grenada cécile la grenade governor general of grenada dickon mitchell prime minister of grenada grenada is a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy 81 with charles iii as head of state represented locally by a governor general 7 23 executive power lies with the head of government the prime minister the governor general s role is mainly ceremonial while the prime minister is usually the leader of the largest party in parliament 7 the parliament of grenada consists of a senate 13 members and a house of representatives 15 members the government and the opposition recommend appointments of senators to the governor general while the population elects representatives for five year terms 7 grenada operates a multi party system with the largest parties being the centre right new national party nnp and the centre left national democratic congress ndc 7 in february 2013 the governing national democratic congress ndc lost the election the opposition new national party nnp won all 15 seats in the general election keith mitchell leader of nnp who had served three terms as prime minister between 1995 and 2008 returned to power 82 mitchell subsequently led nnp to win all 15 seats in the house of representatives again in 2018 marking three separate occasions on which he had achieved this feat in november 2021 prime minister keith mitchell said that the upcoming general elections which were constitutionally due no later than june 2023 was to be the last one for him 83 mitchell advised the governor general on 16 may 2022 to dissolve parliament a year earlier than the constitutional requirement 84 the new national party subsequently lost the 2022 election to the national democratic congress with the ndc winning 9 seats to the nnp s 6 dickon mitchell a political newcomer who had only taken over as leader of the national democratic congress less than a year before the election and never held elected office was subsequently appointed prime minister administrative divisions edit main article parishes of grenada grenada is divided into six parishes 7 the area known as carriacou and petite martinique not pictured has the status of a dependency 7 grenada parishes foreign relations edit further information foreign relations of grenada grenada is a full and participating member of both the caribbean community caricom and the organisation of eastern caribbean states oecs 7 the commonwealth edit grenada along with much of the caribbean region is a member of the commonwealth of nations the organisation primarily consists of former british colonies and focuses on fostering international relations between its members organization of american states oas edit grenada is one of the 35 states which has ratified the oas charter and is a member of the organization 85 86 grenada entered into the inter american system in 1975 according to the oas s website 87 double taxation relief caricom treaty edit on 6 july 1994 at sherbourne conference centre in st michael barbados george brizan signed the double taxation relief caricom treaty on behalf of the government of grenada 88 this treaty covered concepts such as taxes residence tax jurisdictions capital gains business profits interest dividends royalties and other areas citation needed fatca edit on 30 june 2014 grenada formally signed a model 1 agreement with the united states of america to enable the foreign account tax compliance act fatca 89 alba edit in december 2014 grenada joined bolivarian alliance for the peoples of our america alba as a full member prime minister mitchell said that the membership was a natural extension of the cooperation grenada has had over the years with both cuba and venezuela 90 military edit grenada has no standing military leaving typical military functions to the royal grenada police force rgpf and the royal grenada coast guard 7 the special services unit ssu of the rgpf is a paramilitary force with combat uniforms which participates in the regional security system rss a military defence body of the eastern caribbean who participated in the united states invasion of grenada in 1983 91 in 2019 grenada signed the un treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons 92 human rights edit in 2023 the country scored 89 out of 100 in the freedom ratings 93 lbgt rights edit main article lgbt rights in grenada homosexuality is illegal in grenada and punishable by imprisonment 94 economy edit main article economy of grenada grenada has a small economy in which tourism is the major foreign exchange earner 7 major short term concerns are the rising fiscal deficit and the deterioration in the external account balance grenada shares a common central bank and a common currency the east caribbean dollar with seven other members of the organisation of eastern caribbean states oecs 7 95 grenada has suffered from a heavy external debt problem with government debt service payments running at about 25 of total revenues in 2017 grenada was listed as ninth from bottom in a study of 126 developing countries 96 agriculture and exports edit opened nutmeg fruit showing the seed and the red aril used for mace grenada is an exporter of several different spices most notably nutmeg its top export and depicted on the national flag and mace 97 11 other major exports include bananas cocoa fruit and vegetables clothing chocolate and fish 7 nutmeg industry edit according to a case study released in november 2003 98 the nutmeg industry in grenada provided a major source of foreign exchange earnings to the country and acted as a livelihood for a significant portion of the population the majority of grenada nutmeg producers are small e g 74 2 of growers have sales volumes of 500 lbs per year accounting for 21 77 of total production only 3 3 of growers have sales over 2500 lbs per year accounting for 40 of the total output at the time the study was released the majority of the production of nutmeg from within grenada was derived from four companies grenada co operative nutmeg association gcna west india spices formerly w w spices renamed in 2011 following purchase by st bernard family re sold in 2015 and name maintained 99 noelville ltd de la grenada industries tourism edit tourist arrivals of 2024 in 100 tourism ...
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