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e m or dr firstname m sr do not wikilink use editor link instead aliases editor first1 editor1 first editor given editor given1 editor1 given or for multiple editors use editor last1 editor first1 through editor last n editor first n aliases editor n last editor surname n or editor n surname editor n first editor given n or editor n given editor n for an individual editor plus an institutional editor you can use editor first1 editor last1 editor2 editor link title of existing wikipedia article about the editor not the editor s website do not wikilink aliases editor link1 or for multiple editors use editor link1 through editor link n alias editor n link name list style accepts a limited list of keywords as value when set to amp ampersand or inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list when set to and inserts the conjunction and between the last two names of a name list when set to vanc displays name lists in vancouver style when the lists use the last first forms of name parameters veditors comma separated list of editor names in vancouver style enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses end with etal if appropriate veditors smythe jb megabux corp etal editor link n and editor mask n may be used for the individual names in veditors as described above display use display editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when et al is included if authors authors are first followed by the included work then in and the editors then the main work if no authors editors appear before the included work a single editor is followed by ed multiple editors are followed by eds title see also help citation style 1 titles and chapters title title of source can be wikilinked to an existing wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link but not both displays in italics if script title is defined use title to hold a romanization if available of the title in script title script title original title for languages that do not use a latin based script arabic chinese cyrillic greek hebrew japanese korean etc not italicized follows italicized romanization defined in title if present must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script title tōkyō tawā script title ja 東京タワー trans title tokyo tower trans title english translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language displays in square brackets after title use of the language parameter is recommended titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded newline space 91 93 preferred bracket text 124 or pipe see also help table rendering the pipe title link title of existing wikipedia article about the source named in title do not use a web address do not wikilink type provides additional information about the media type of the source may alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title if this is not the final version of a manuscript e g if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available but the version of record is behind a paywall format in sentence case displays in parentheses following the title the reserved keyword none can be used to disable the display of a type examples thesis booklet accepted manuscript cd liner press release alias medium chapter the chapter heading of the source may be wikilinked or may use chapter url but not both displays in quotes if script chapter is defined use chapter to hold a romanization if available of the title in script chapter script chapter chapter heading for languages that do not use a latin based script arabic chinese cyrillic greek hebrew japanese korean etc follows romanization defined in chapter if present must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script chapter tōkyō tawā script chapter ja 東京タワー trans chapter tokyo tower trans chapter english translation of the chapter heading if the source cited is in a foreign language displays in square brackets after the chapter field if chapter url is defined then trans chapter is included in the link use of the language parameter is recommended contribution a separately authored part of author s book may be wikilinked or may use contribution url but not both values of afterword foreword introduction or preface will display unquoted any other value will display in quotation marks the author of the contribution is given in contributor language the language or a comma separated list of the languages in which the source is written as either the iso 639 language code preferred or the full language name examples language ru lang fr pt br lang russian language french portuguese see the list of supported codes and names do not use templates or wikilinks displays in parentheses with in before the language name or names when the only source language is english no language is displayed in the citation the use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of category cs1 foreign language sources because cs1 2 templates are often copied from en wiki to other wikis the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form e g espagnol at a french language wiki instead of the english word spanish aliases lang url url url of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found cannot be used if title is wikilinked if applicable the link may point to the specific page s referenced remove tracking parameters from urls e g ixzz2rbr3ao94 or utm_source google utm_medium utm_term utm_campaign for linking to pages in pdf files or in google books see wp pagelinks do not link to any commercial booksellers such as amazon use isbn or oclc to provide neutral search links for books invalid urls including those containing spaces will result in an error message access date full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article do not wikilink requires url use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations date 1 not required for linked documents that do not change for example access date is required for online sources such as personal websites that do not have a publication date see wp citeweb access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books note that access date is the date that the url was found to be working and to support the text being cited see automatic date formatting above for details about interaction with use dmy dates and use mdy dates can be hidden or styled by registered editors alias accessdate archive url the url of an archived snapshot of a web page typically used to refer to services such as internet archive see help using the wayback machine requires archive date and url by default overridden by url status live the archived link is displayed first with the original link at the end alias archiveurl archive date archive service snapshot date preceded in display by default text archived from the original on use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations this does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates date 1 do not wikilink templated dates are discouraged see automatic date formatting above for details about interaction with use dmy dates and use mdy dates alias archivedate url status a control parameter to select one of url or archive url to link title requires url and archive url use dead link to mark dead url when there is no archive url accepts multiple keywords dead default condition when url status omitted or empty selects archive url live selects url used when url is preemptively archived with archive url deviated selects archive url used when url is still live but no longer supports the text in a wikipedia article unfit selects archive url used when url links to vice gambling pornography advertising malware phishing compromised other malicious or other unsuitable page links to url are suppressed in the rendering if an entire domain is unsuitable consider instead usurpation or blacklist bot help is available at wp urlreq usurped selects archive url used when the domain in url no longer serves its original intent particularly when the domain has been mis appropriated by other entities such as vice reseller malware phishing compromised other malicious and advertising sites links to url are suppressed in the rendering bot help is available at wp urlreq bot unknown editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn t able to determine the status of the url the page will be automatically placed in category cs1 maint bot original url status unknown when this value is present and per the instructions in that category editors manually evaluate the state of the url and change the parameter value appropriately archive format file format of the work referred to by archive url for example doc or xls displayed in parentheses after the archive link html is implied and should not be specified pdf is auto detected and should not be specified does not change the external link icon except for pdf note external link icons do not include alt text thus they do not add file format information for the visually impaired this is not a concern with pdf because the auto detection will add pdf as descriptive text see using format url access see access indicators discussion format file format of the work referred to by url for example doc or xls displayed in parentheses after title for media format use type html is implied and should not be specified pdf is auto detected and should not be specified does not change the external link icon except for pdf note external link icons do not include alt text thus they do not add file format information for the visually impaired this is not a concern with pdf because the auto detection will add pdf as descriptive text see using format urls must begin with a supported uri scheme http and https will be supported by all browsers however ftp gopher irc ircs mailto and news may require a plug in or an external application and should normally be avoided ipv6 host names are currently not supported if urls in citation template parameters contain certain characters then they will not display and link correctly those characters need to be percent encoded for example a space must be replaced by 20 to encode the url replace the following characters with character space encoding 20 22 27 3c 3e 5b 5d 7b 7c 7d single apostrophes do not need to be encoded however unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded however an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion 1 2 access date and archive date in references should all have the same format either the format used for publication dates or yyyy mm dd see mos dateunify chapter url chapter url url of an online location where the text of the publication named by chapter or contribution can be found cannot be used if those parameters are wikilinked should be at the same site as url if any if chapter url is used url should only be used if the beginning of the work and the cited chapter are on separate webpages at the site aliases contribution url section url chapter format format of the work referred to by chapter url for example pdf doc or xls displayed in parentheses after chapter html is implied and should not be specified does not change the external link icon note external link icons do not include alt text thus they do not add format information for the visually impaired department department regular department or section within the periodical or journal examples include communication editorial letter to the editor and review displays after title and is in plain text edition series volume edition when the publication has more than one edition for example 2nd revised and so forth appends the string ed after the field so edition 2nd produces 2nd ed does not display if a periodical field is defined series or version when the source is part of a series such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted volume for one publication published in several volumes displays after the title and series fields volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral e g 37 volume values that are wholly digits wholly uppercase roman numerals or fewer than five characters will appear in bold any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold in rare cases publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year related value if so provide them both for example volume iv 10 publisher publisher name of publisher may be wikilinked 1 if relevant the publisher is the company organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited for self published works i e where the publisher is the same as the author or creator state publisher self published 2 do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work e g a website book encyclopedia newspaper magazine journal etc if the name of the publisher changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source s publication corporate designations such as ltd inc or gmbh are not usually included this parameter is most commonly used for books and rarely for websites or periodicals although it may be used instead of work in some cases omit where the publisher s name is substantially the same as the name of the work for example the new york times co publishes the new york times newspaper so there is no reason to name the publisher displays after title place for news stories with a dateline the location where the story was written if the name of the location changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source s publication in earlier versions of the template this was the publication place and for compatibility will be treated as the publication place if the publication place parameter is absent see that parameter for further information alias location publication place geographical place of publication generally not wikilinked omit when the name of the work includes the publication place for example the boston globe the times of india displays after the title if the name of the publication place changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source s publication if only one of publication place place or location is defined it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title if publication place and place or location are defined then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with written at and publication place is shown after the title publication date date of publication when different from the date the work was w...
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