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delling the climate archived 2009 02 04 at the wayback machine retrieved on 2008 05 02 sources ipcc 2013 stocker t f qin d plattner g k tignor m et al eds climate change 2013 the physical science basis pdf contribution of working group i to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change cambridge uk new york cambridge university press isbn 978 1 107 05799 9 archived pdf from the original on 2019 09 25 retrieved 2022 09 05 ar5 climate change 2013 the physical science basis ipcc archived 2017 02 02 at the wayback machine ipcc 2013 annex iii glossary pdf ipcc ar5 wg1 2013 archived pdf from the original on 2019 03 13 retrieved 2022 09 05 ipcc ar5 syr 2014 the core writing team pachauri r k meyer l a eds climate change 2014 synthesis report contribution of working groups i ii and iii to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change geneva switzerland ipcc archived from the original on 2020 01 09 retrieved 2022 09 05 cite book cs1 maint numeric names authors list link ipcc 2014 annex ii glossary pdf ipcc ar5 syr 2014 archived pdf from the original on 2022 07 18 retrieved 2022 09 05 knutson t kossin j p mears c perlwitz j wehner m f 2017 wuebbles d j fahey d w hibbard k a dokken d j stewart b c maycock t k eds ch 3 detection and attribution of climate change pdf doi 10 7930 j01834nd archived from the original pdf on 2022 09 20 retrieved 2022 09 05 rohli robert v vega anthony j 2018 climatology 4th ed jones bartlett learning isbn 978 1284126563 further reading buchan alexander 1878 climate encyclopædia britannica vol vi 9th ed pp 1 7 reumert johannes vahls climatic divisions an explanation geografisk tidsskrift band 48 1946 the study of climate on alien worlds characterizing atmospheres beyond our solar system is now within our reach kevin heng july august 2012 american scientist external links wikimedia commons has media related to climate wikisource has the text of the 1905 new international encyclopedia article climate listen to this article 18 minutes this audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 18 may 2023 2023 05 18 and does not reflect subsequent edits audio help more spoken articles noaa climate services portal noaa state of the climate nasa s climate change and global warming portal climate prediction project climate index and mode information archived 2016 11 19 at the wayback machine arctic climate data and charts for world and us locations ipcc data distribution centre archived 2016 05 19 at the wayback machine climate data and guidance on use historicalclimatology com past present and future climates 2013 globalclimatemonitor contains climatic information from 1901 climatecharts webapplication to generate climate charts for recent and historical data international disaster database paris climate conference climate of countries alphabetically geographic org links to related articles v t e climate oscillations climate oscillations antarctic circumpolar wave antarctic oscillation arctic dipole anomaly arctic oscillation atlantic equatorial mode atlantic multidecadal oscillation earth s axial tilt bond event cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis dansgaard oeschger event diurnal cycle diurnal air temperature variation el niño southern oscillation equatorial indian ocean oscillation glacial cycles indian ocean dipole madden julian oscillation milankovitch cycles monsoon north atlantic oscillation north pacific oscillation orbital forcing pacific decadal oscillation pacific meridional mode pacific north american teleconnection pattern quasi biennial oscillation seasonal lag seasons solar variability true polar wander v t e meteorological data and variables general adiabatic processes advection buoyancy lapse rate lightning surface solar radiation surface weather analysis visibility vorticity wind wind shear condensation cloud cloud condensation nuclei ccn fog convective condensation level ccl lifting condensation level lcl precipitable water precipitation water vapor convection convective available potential energy cape convective inhibition cin convective instability convective momentum transport conditional symmetric instability convective temperature t c equilibrium level el free convective layer fcl helicity k index level of free convection lfc lifted index li maximum parcel level mpl bulk richardson number brn significant tornado parameter stp temperature dew point t d dew point depression dry bulb temperature equivalent temperature t e forest fire weather index haines index heat index humidex humidity relative humidity rh mixing ratio potential temperature θ equivalent potential temperature θ e sea surface temperature sst temperature anomaly thermodynamic temperature vapor pressure virtual temperature wet bulb temperature wet bulb globe temperature wet bulb potential temperature wind chill pressure atmospheric pressure baroclinity barotropicity pressure gradient pressure gradient force pgf velocity maximum potential intensity v t e climate types under the köppen climate classification class a tropical rainforest af tropical monsoon am tropical savanna aw as class b desert bwh bwk semi arid bsh bsk class c humid subtropical cfa cwa oceanic cfb cwb cfc cwc mediterranean csa csb csc class d humid continental dfa dwa dsa dfb dwb dsb subarctic dfc dwc dsc dfd dwd dsd class e tundra et ice cap ef alpine et ef lists list of cities by köppen climate classification v t e earth outline history atmosphere atmosphere of earth prebiotic atmosphere troposphere stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere exosphere weather climate climate system energy balance climate change climate variability and change climatology paleoclimatology continents africa antarctica asia australia europe north america south america culture and society list of sovereign states dependent territories in culture earth day flag gaia hypothesis spaceship earth symbol world economy etymology world history time zones world environment biome biosphere biogeochemical cycles ecology ecosystem human impact on the environment evolutionary history of life nature geodesy cartography computer cartography earth s orbit geodetic astronomy geomatics gravity navigation remote sensing geopositioning virtual globe geophysics earth structure fluid dynamics geomagnetism magnetosphere mineral physics seismology plate tectonics signal processing tomography geology age of earth earth science extremes on earth future geological history geologic time scale geologic record history of earth oceans antarctic southern ocean arctic ocean atlantic ocean indian ocean pacific ocean oceanography planetary science the moon evolution of the solar system geology of solar terrestrial planets location in the universe solar system category v t e elements of nature universe space time energy matter chemical elements particles change earth earth science history geological structure geology plate tectonics oceans gaia hypothesis future weather meteorology atmosphere earth climate clouds moonlight rain snow sunlight tides wind tornado tropical cyclone natural environment ecology ecosystem field radiation wilderness wildfires life origin abiogenesis evolutionary history biosphere hierarchy biology astrobiology biodiversity organism eukaryota fauna animals flora plants fungi protista prokaryotes archaea bacteria viruses see also nature based solutions v t e climate change overview causes of climate change effects of climate change climate change mitigation climate change adaptation by country and region causes overview climate system greenhouse effect carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of earth scientific consensus on climate change sources deforestation fossil fuel greenhouse gases greenhouse gas emissions carbon accounting carbon footprint carbon leakage from agriculture from wetlands world energy supply and consumption history history of climate change policy and politics history of climate change science svante arrhenius james hansen charles david keeling united nations climate change conferences international conference on transitioning away from fossil fuels years in climate change 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 effects and issues physical abrupt climate change anoxic event arctic methane emissions arctic sea ice decline atlantic meridional overturning circulation drought extreme weather flood coastal flooding heat wave marine urban heat island oceans acidification deoxygenation heat content sea surface temperature stratification temperature ozone depletion permafrost thaw retreat of glaciers since 1850 sea level rise season creep climate sensitivity tipping points in the climate system tropical cyclones water cycle wildfires flora and fauna biomes mass mortality event birds extinction risk forest dieback invasive species marine life plant biodiversity social and economic agriculture livestock multi breadbasket failure in the united states children cities civilizational collapse crime depopulation of settlements destruction of cultural heritage disability economic impacts u s insurance industry fisheries gender health infectious diseases mental health in the united kingdom in the philippines human rights indigenous peoples migration poverty psychological impacts security and conflict urban flooding water scarcity water security by country and region africa americas antarctica arctic asia australia caribbean europe middle east and north africa small island countries by individual country mitigation economics and finance carbon budget carbon emission trading carbon offsets and credits gold standard carbon offset standard carbon price carbon tax climate debt climate finance climate risk insurance co benefits of climate change mitigation economics of climate change mitigation fossil fuel divestment green climate fund low carbon economy net zero emissions energy carbon capture and storage energy transition fossil fuel phase out nuclear power renewable energy sustainable energy preserving and enhancing carbon sinks blue carbon carbon dioxide removal carbon sequestration direct air capture carbon farming climate smart agriculture forest management afforestation forestry for carbon sequestration redd reforestation land use land use change and forestry lulucf and afolu nature based solutions other earth strike fridays for future geoengineering individual action on climate change positive tipping points sustainable architecture sustainable transport society and adaptation society business action climate action climate emergency declaration climate movement school strike for climate denial ecological grief governance justice litigation politics public opinion women adaptation adaptation strategies on the german coast adaptive capacity disaster risk reduction ecosystem based adaptation flood control loss and damage managed retreat nature based solutions resilience risk vulnerability the adaptation fund national adaptation programme of action communication climate change performance index climate crisis term climate spiral education media coverage popular culture depictions art fiction video games warming stripes international agreements glasgow climate pact integrity council for the voluntary carbon market taskforce on scaling voluntary carbon markets kyoto protocol paris agreement cooperative mechanisms under article 6 of the paris agreement nationally determined contributions sustainable development goal 13 united nations framework convention on climate change international conference on transitioning away from fossil fuels background and theory measurements global surface temperature instrumental temperature record proxy satellite temperature measurement theory albedo carbon cycle atmospheric biologic oceanic permafrost carbon sink climate sensitivity climate variability and change cloud feedback cloud forcing fixed anvil temperature hypothesis cryosphere earth s energy budget extreme event attribution feedbacks global warming potential illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change orbital forcing radiative forcing research and modelling climate change scenario climate model coupled model intercomparison project intergovernmental panel on climate change ipcc ipcc sixth assessment report paleoclimatology representative concentration pathway shared socioeconomic pathways climate change portal category glossary index v t e climate of the world afghanistan albania algeria andorra angola antigua and barbuda argentina armenia australia austria azerbaijan bahamas bahrain bangladesh barbados belarus belgium belize benin bhutan bolivia bosnia and herzegovina botswana brazil brunei bulgaria burkina faso burundi cambodia cameroon canada cape verde central african republic chad chile china colombia comoros costa rica croatia cuba cyprus czech republic democratic republic of the congo denmark djibouti dominica dominican republic ecuador egypt el salvador equatorial guinea eritrea estonia eswatini ethiopia federated states of micronesia fiji finland france gabon gambia georgia germany ghana greece grenada guatemala guinea guinea bissau guyana haiti honduras hungary iceland india indonesia iran iraq ireland israel italy ivory coast jamaica japan jordan kazakhstan kenya kiribati kosovo kuwait kyrgyzstan laos latvia lebanon lesotho liberia libya liechtenstein lithuania luxembourg madagascar malawi malaysia maldives mali malta marshall islands mauritania mauritius mexico moldova monaco mongolia montenegro morocco mozambique myanmar namibia nauru nepal netherlands new zealand nicaragua niger nigeria north korea north macedonia norway oman pakistan palau palestine panama papua new guinea paraguay peru philippines poland portugal qatar republic of the congo romania russia rwanda saint kitts and nevis saint lucia saint vincent and the grenadines samoa san marino saudi arabia senegal serbia seychelles sierra leone singapore slovakia slovenia somalia south africa south korea south sudan spain sri lanka sudan suriname sweden switzerland syria são tomé and príncipe taiwan tajikistan tanzania thailand timor leste togo tonga trinidad and tobago tunisia turkey turkmenistan tuvalu uganda ukraine united arab emirates united kingdom united states uruguay uzbekistan vanuatu vatican city venezuela vietnam western sahara yemen zambia zimbabwe portals climate change weather authority control databases international gnd national united states france bnf data japan czech republic latvia israel other historical dictionary of switzerland nara yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title climate oldid 1374280114 categories climate meteorological concepts climatology hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata wikipedia indefinitely semi protected pages good articles webarchive template wayback links cs1 maint numeric names authors list wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from eb9 commons category link is on wikidata 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