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ed changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia scarred area on the abdomen after detachment of the umbilical cord belly button redirects here for other uses see belly button disambiguation and navel disambiguation innie and outie redirect here for other uses see innie disambiguation and outie disambiguation not to be confused with naval this article about biology may be excessively human centric please improve coverage for other species and discuss this issue on the talk page october 2024 learn how and when to remove this message navel the navel is a protruding flat or hollowed scar left after the umbilical cord detaches details precursor umbilical cord ductus venosus artery umbilical artery vein umbilical vein identifiers latin umbilicus mesh d014472 ta98 a01 2 04 005 ta2 261 fma 61584 anatomical terminology edit on wikidata the navel clinically known as the umbilicus pl umbilici or umbilicuses also known as the belly button or tummy button 1 is a protruding flat or hollowed area on the abdomen at the attachment site of the umbilical cord 2 structure edit see also umbilical vein and umbilical artery innie and outie redirect here for other uses see innie disambiguation and outie disambiguation the navel is the centre of the circle in this drawing of the vitruvian man by leonardo da vinci the umbilicus is used to visually separate the abdomen into quadrants 3 the umbilicus is a prominent scar on the abdomen with its position being relatively consistent among humans the skin around the waist at the level of the umbilicus is supplied by the tenth thoracic spinal nerve t10 dermatome the umbilicus itself typically lies at a vertical level corresponding to the junction between the l3 and l4 vertebrae transumbilical plane 4 with a normal variation among people between the l3 and l5 vertebrae 5 parts of the adult navel include the umbilical cord remnant or umbilical tip which is the often protruding scar left by the detachment of the umbilical cord this is located in the center of the navel sometimes described as the belly button around the cord remnant is the umbilical collar formed by the dense fibrous umbilical ring surrounding the umbilical collar is the periumbilical skin directly behind the navel is a thick fibrous cord formed from the umbilical cord called the urachus which originates from the bladder 6 the belly button is unique to each individual due to it being a scar and various general forms have been classified by medical practitioners 7 8 further explanation needed outie a navel consisting of the umbilical tip protruding past the periumbilical skin is an outie essentially any navel which is not concave swirly spiral a rare form in which the umbilical cord scar forms a swirl shape split the protruding umbilical cord scar extends outwards but is cleft in two by a fissure which extends part or all the way through the umbilical cord scar this form is similar in appearance to a coffee bean protrusion the umbilical cord remnant is completely divulged exposing the full umbilical scar circlet although the entirety of the umbilical cord remnant sits out with the umbilical collar the centre of the knot is inset by a deep fissure unlike a split outie in this form the fissure is contained centrally and does not extend past the umbilical cord remnant in any direction much akin to a donut shape 9 innie a navel in which the umbilical tip does not protrude past the periumbilical skin any navel which is concave round round navels are completely circular with no hooding vertical some navels present in the form of a more elongate hollow parallel with the linea alba oval this form consists of three variants superior hooding inferior hooding no hooding t shaped as the name states the scar is in the shape of a t and may have superior hooding to various extent horizontal the scar is the least visible as the natural lines of the tendinous intersection fold over the scar distorted any navel which does not fit well into any of the other categories a t shaped innie navel an outie navel an oval navel a horizontal navel clinical significance edit the navel of a female after a laparoscopic procedure disorders edit outies are sometimes mistaken for umbilical hernias however they are a completely different shape with no health concern unlike an umbilical hernia the navel specifically abdominal wall would be considered an umbilical hernia if the protrusion were 5 centimeters or more the diameter of an umbilical hernia is usually 1 2 inch or more 10 while the shape of the human navel may be affected by long term changes to diet and exercise unexpected change in shape may be the result of ascites 11 in addition to change in shape being a possible side effect from ascites and umbilical hernias the navel can be involved in umbilical sinus or fistula which in rare cases can lead to menstrual or fecal discharge from the navel menstrual discharge from the umbilicus is a rare disorder associated with umbilical endometriosis 12 other disorders edit omphalitis an inflammatory condition of the umbilicus in the newborn usually caused by a bacterial infection 13 14 surgery edit to minimize scarring the navel is a recommended site of incision for various surgeries including transgastric appendicectomy 15 gall bladder surgery 16 and the umbilicoplasty 17 procedure itself other animals edit all placental mammals have a navel although it is generally more conspicuous in humans 18 other types of animals can have navels but their shapes depend on how they re born for instance other viviparous live birthing animals would have circular navels just like mammals but in oviparous egg laying animals like birds the navel is shaped like a line or scar positioned vertically on the abdomen there s even an account of a dinosaur psittacosaurus preserved with a navel which is shaped like the oviparous type fashion society and culture edit further information cultural views on the navel exhibition featuring photos of writers navels published in the spanish cultural magazine mirlo no 0 2022 japanese women performing a traditional japanese dance yosakoi in navel exposing attire in the yosakoi matsuri 2006 at kōchi a navel piercing is often accompanied by low rise pants the public exposure of the male and female midriff and bare navel was considered taboo at times in the past in western cultures being considered immodest or indecent female navel exposure was banned in some jurisdictions but community perceptions have changed to this now being acceptable 19 the crop top is a shirt that often exposes the belly button and has become more common among young people 20 exposure of the male navel has rarely been stigmatised and has become particularly popular in recent years due to the strong resurgence of the male crop top and male navel piercing 21 the navel and midriff are often also displayed in bikinis or when low rise pants are worn while the west was relatively resistant to navel baring clothing until the 1980s it has long been a fashion with indian women 22 often displayed with saris or lehengas the japanese have long had a special regard for the navel during the early jōmon period in northern japan three small balls indicating the breasts and navel were pasted onto flat clay objects to represent the female body the navel was exaggerated in size informed by the belief that the navel symbolized the center where life began 23 in arabic levantine culture belly dancing is a popular art form that consists of dance movements focused on the torso and navel 24 buddhism and hinduism refer to the chakra of the navel as the manipura in qigong the navel is seen as the main energy centre or dantian in hinduism the kundalini energy is sometimes described as being located at the navel see also edit alvinolagnia navel fetishism navel piercing navel lint omphalos umbilical microbiome omphaloskepsis supracristal plane round ligament of the liver references edit definition of tummy button oxford english dictionary 7 march 2026 definition of navel merriam webster 24 november 2023 archived from the original on 30 april 2020 retrieved 23 april 2018 anatomy physiology openstax college at connexions 25 april 2013 archived from the original on 29 june 2014 retrieved 16 november 2013 ellis harold 2006 clinical anatomy applied anatomy for students and junior doctors new york wiley isbn 1 4051 3804 1 page needed o rahilly ronan müller fabiola carpenter stanley swenson rand 2004 abdominal walls basic human anatomy a regional study of human structure dartmouth medical school retrieved 10 november 2010 cite book cs1 maint deprecated archival service link khati nadia j enquist erik g javitt marcia c 1998 imaging of the umbilicus and periumbilical region radiographics 18 2 413 4 doi 10 1148 radiographics 18 2 9536487 pmid 9536487 shiffman melvin 2017 7 3 adult umbilical reconstruction principles and techniques switzerland springer p 53 isbn 978 3 319 43885 6 mohamed fahmy 2018 umbilicus types and shapes umbilicus and umbilical cord egypt springer pp 105 8 doi 10 1007 978 3 319 62383 2_22 isbn 978 3 319 62382 5 stephen cullen thomas 1916 2 umbilicus australia w b saunders company p 1 1 1 7 isbn 978 0 7334 2609 4 cite book isbn date incompatibility help meier donald e olaolorun david a omodele rachael a nkor sunday k tarpley john l 2001 incidence of umbilical hernia in african children redefinition of normal and reevaluation of indications for repair world journal of surgery 25 5 645 8 doi 10 1007 s002680020072 pmid 11369993 s2cid 22628578 herrine steven k ascites the merck manuals archived from the original on 21 march 2015 retrieved 4 january 2015 bagade pallavi v guirguis mamdouh m 2009 menstruating from the umbilicus as a rare case of primary umbilical endometriosis a case report journal of medical case reports 3 9326 doi 10 1186 1752 1947 3 9326 pmc 2803849 pmid 20062755 cunningham f williams obstetrics the newborn 24th ed mcgraw hill fleisher gary r textbook of pediatric emergency medicine philadelphia lippincott williams wilkins 2006 p 928 kaehler g schoenberg m b kienle p post s magdeburg r 2013 transgastric appendicectomy british journal of surgery 100 7 911 5 doi 10 1002 bjs 9115 pmid 23575528 s2cid 24285562 sarah glynn 12 april 2013 scarless surgery through the navel feasible alternative for appendicitis medical news today archived from the original on 3 march 2016 retrieved 2 february 2015 srmc surgeon offers gallbladder removal through belly button incision with da vinci system press release southeastern health 9 december 2013 retrieved 16 august 2015 cite press release cs1 maint deprecated archival service link bruekers sven e van der lei berend tan tik l luijendijk roland w stevens hieronymus p j d 2009 scarless umbilicoplasty annals of plastic surgery 63 1 15 20 doi 10 1097 sap 0b013e3181877b60 pmid 19546666 s2cid 206034192 mohamed fahmy 2018 umbilicus and umbilical cord springer international publishing isbn 978 3 31962 383 2 retrieved 7 december 2024 new code may reveal navel mohave daily miner 24 march 1985 archived from the original on 17 july 2021 retrieved 20 april 2012 men in crop tops seem to be trending thanks to kid cudi the social media and the catwalk the independent archived from the original on 18 june 2022 retrieved 30 january 2019 ktena natalie 28 august 2018 we talked to a crop top historian about the comeback of the male crop top bbc archived from the original on 18 april 2019 retrieved 14 september 2018 banerjee mukulika miller daniel 2003 the sari oxford new york berg isbn 1 85973 732 3 page needed naumann nelly 2000 first indications of symbolic expression japanese prehistory the material and spiritual culture of the jōmon period otto harrassowitz verlag pp 114 5 isbn 978 3 447 04329 8 belly dance history a history of belly dancing belly dance org bellydance org archived from the original on 27 november 2020 retrieved 24 december 2018 further reading edit belly button biodiversity project archived from the original on 30 july 2016 retrieved 15 april 2020 craig stefan b faller mary s puckett charles l 2000 in search of the ideal female umbilicus plastic and reconstructive surgery 105 1 389 92 doi 10 1097 00006534 200001000 00062 pmid 10627008 gabriele raimondo conte marco egidi federico borghese mario 2005 umbilical metastases current viewpoint world journal of surgical oncology 3 1 13 doi 10 1186 1477 7819 3 13 pmc 552325 pmid 15723695 moreau corrie s hulcr jiri latimer andrew m henley jessica b rountree nina r fierer noah lucky andrea lowman margaret d dunn robert r 2012 a jungle in there bacteria in belly buttons are highly diverse but predictable plos one 7 11 e47712 bibcode 2012ploso 747712h doi 10 1371 journal pone 0047712 pmc 3492386 pmid 23144827 piskun gregory rajpal sanjeev 1999 transumbilical laparoscopic cholecystectomy utilizes no incisions outside the umbilicus journal of laparoendoscopic advanced surgical techniques 9 4 361 4 doi 10 1089 lap 1999 9 361 pmid 10488834 new meaning to navel gazing scientists study belly button bacteria body odd nbc news 14 april 2011 retrieved 16 august 2015 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link external links edit media related to navels at wikimedia commons v t e human regional anatomy body skin head hair face forehead cheek chin eyebrow eye eyelid nose mouth lip tongue tooth ear jaw mandible occiput scalp temple neck adam s apple throat nape torso trunk abdomen waist midriff navel vertebral column back thorax breast nipple pelvis genitalia penis scrotum vulva buttocks anus limbs arm shoulder axilla elbow forearm wrist hand finger fingernail thumb index middle ring little leg hip thigh knee calf foot ankle heel toe toenail sole authority control databases international gnd national united states france bnf data israel other terminologia anatomica yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title navel oldid 1370677951 categories abdomen scarring navel hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from august 2021 wikipedia articles needing page number citations from august 2015 cs1 maint deprecated archival service wikipedia articles needing clarification from november 2021 cs1 errors isbn date articles containing japanese language text commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 22 august 2026 at 13 30 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact 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