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university of edinburgh sound files comparing how 110 words are pronounced in 50 english accents from around the world international dialects of english archive recordings of english dialects and international l2 accents v t e description of the english language grammar phonology stress and reduced vowels orthography spelling reform alphabet braille dialects language history phonological history links to related articles v t e history of english proto indo european proto germanic proto west germanic anglo frisian languages old english kentish mercian northumbrian west saxon anglo norman language middle english early modern english modern english phonological history vowels a changes before historical l changes before historical r close back vowels close front vowels diphthongs great vowel shift open back vowels trisyllabic laxing consonants clusters flapping h dropping l vocalization ng rhoticity t glottalization th fronting stopping wh v t e dialects and accents of modern english by 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englishisation globish gogate nerrière international jewish english yeshiva english learning linguistic purism in english list of english based pidgins non native pronunciations of english plain queen s latin standard v t e germanic languages according to contemporary philology west anglo frisian anglic english dialects old english middle english modern english early modern english irish middle english fingallian kildare yola scots early scots middle scots shetland dialect frisian historical forms old frisian middle frisian east frisian ems saterland frisian upgant frisian weser wangerooge frisian wursten frisian harlingerland frisian north frisian insular eiderstedt föhr amrum föhr amrum heligolandic sylt mainland bökingharde mooring halligen goesharde northern central southern karrharde strand wiedingharde west frisian hindeloopen schiermonnikoog westlauwers terschellings mainland west frisian clay frisian wood frisian westereendersk terschelling low german historical forms old saxon middle low german west low german dutch low saxon stellingwarfs tweants gronings drèents gelders overijssels achterhooks sallaans urkers veluws northern low saxon east frisian low saxon gronings hamburg holsteinisch oldenburgisch bremian schleswigsch eastphalian westphalian east low german mecklenburgisch vorpommersch brandenburgisch central pomeranian east pomeranian low prussian plautdietsch mennonite low german low franconian historical forms frankish old dutch middle dutch standard variants dutch afrikaans kaaps west low franconian central dutch hollandic west flemish french flemish zeelandic east flemish brabantian kleverlandish surinamese dutch jersey dutch mohawk dutch stadsfries bildts amelands midslands east low franconian limburgish cover groups bergish meuse rhenish high german german historical forms old high german middle high german new high german early new high german standard german german standard german austrian standard german swiss standard german non standard variants and creoles namibian german namibian black german berlinerisch unserdeutsch barossa german rotwelsch lotegorisch yenish yiddish eastern western scots yiddish klezmer loshn lachoudisch central german west central german central franconian ripuarian colognian southeast limburgish moselle franconian luxembourgish transylvanian saxon hunsrückisch hunsrik rhine franconian lorraine franconian palatine volga german pennsylvania dutch hessian central hessian amana german east central german thuringian upper saxon erzgebirgisch lusatian silesian german high prussian wymysorys halcnovian upper german alemannic in the broad sense low alemannic alsatian coloniero high alemannic swiss german highest alemannic walser german swabian bavarian northern bavarian central bavarian viennese german southern bavarian south tyrolean cimbrian mòcheno hutterite german gottscheerish south franconian east franconian vogtlandian langobardic north and east north historical forms proto norse old norse old west norse old east norse old gutnis...
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