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va 481 14 16 january quito ecuador invited to the inauguration of lucio gutiérrez 482 21 23 february hanoi vietnam state visit 483 23 25 february kuala lumpur malaysia participation in the summit of the non aligned movement 483 26 february 1 march beijing nanjing and shanghai china state visit 483 1 3 march tokyo and hiroshima japan 3 march vancouver canada working visit 483 24 26 may buenos aires argentina invited to the inauguration of néstor kirchner 484 14 16 august asunción paraguay invited to the inauguration of nicanor duarte 485 22 december la orchila venezuela working visit 486 2004 no official foreign visits 2005 28 30 june anzoátegui venezuela participation in the petrocaribe summit 487 5 6 september montego bay jamaica participation in the petrocaribe summit 488 7 8 december bridgetown barbados participation in the 2nd cuba caricom summit 489 2006 20 22 july córdoba argentina invited to the 30th summit of heads of state and government of mercosur 490 ideology main article fidelismo a cuban propaganda poster proclaiming a quote from castro luchar contra lo imposible y vencer to fight against the impossible and win castro proclaimed himself to be a socialist a marxist and a leninist 491 and publicly identified as a marxist leninist from december 1961 onward 492 castro sought to transform cuba from a capitalist state to a socialist society and ultimately to a communist society influenced by guevara he suggested that cuba could evade most stages of socialism and progress straight to communism 240 according to castro a country could be regarded as socialist if its means of production were controlled by the state in this way his understanding of socialism was less about who controlled power in a country and more about the method of distribution 493 castro s government was also nationalistic 494 and drew upon a longstanding tradition of cuban nationalism 495 historian richard gott remarked that one of the keys to castro s success was his ability to use the twin themes of socialism and nationalism and keep them endlessly in play 496 castro described karl marx and cuban nationalist josé martí as his main political influences 497 although gott believed that martí ultimately remained more important than marx in castro s politics 496 castro also praised the colombian catholic revolutionary camilo torres restrepo stating that camilo is a symbol of the revolutionary unity which should inspire the movement of the peoples in latin america 498 theodore draper described castro s approach as castroism viewing it as a blend of european socialism with the latin american revolutionary tradition 499 political scientist paul c sondrol described the approach as totalitarian utopianism 500 with leadership that drew upon the wider latin american phenomenon of the caudillo 501 castro drew inspiration from the wider latin american anti imperialist movements of the 1930s and 1940s including argentina s perón and guatemala s jacobo árbenz 502 castro took a relatively socially conservative stance on many issues opposing drug use gambling and prostitution which he viewed as moral evils he advocated hard work family values integrity and self discipline 503 although his government repressed homosexual activity for decades he later described this persecution as a great injustice 504 personal life religious beliefs main article religious views of fidel castro castro s religious beliefs have been a matter of some debate he was baptized and raised as a catholic he criticized the use of the bible to justify the oppression of women and africans 505 but commented that christianity exhibited a group of very humane precepts which gave the world ethical values and a sense of social justice relating if people call me christian not from the standpoint of religion but from the standpoint of social vision i declare that i am a christian 506 during a visit of american minister and activist jesse jackson castro accompanied him to a methodist church service where he even spoke from the pulpit with a bible before him an event that marked a beginning of increased openness towards christianity in cuba 507 he promoted the idea that jesus christ was a communist citing the feeding of the 5 000 and the story of jesus and the rich young man as evidence 508 in 2007 us president george w bush said one day the good lord will take fidel castro away in response castro stated now i understand why i survived bush s plans and the plans of other presidents who ordered my assassination the good lord protected me 509 wealth forbes magazine ranked castro as the seventh wealthiest ruler in the world at an estimated personal wealth of approximately 900 million us dollars in 2006 going from 550 million us dollars in their 2005 list the estimate is based on the magazine s assumption that castro had economic control over a network of state owned companies including cimex medicuba the havana convention palace and the assumption that a portion of their profits went to castro through investments 510 suggesting that castro s fortune multiplied growing from 103 million to 850 million euros equivalent to 900 million dollars in just three years 511 512 513 the forbes article also referred to rumours of castro s swiss bank accounts with large stashes of this fortune 510 according to juan reinaldo sánchez a former personal bodyguard of castro his assets included cayo piedra a private island over twenty mansions a marina with yachts encrypted bank accounts and a gold mine 511 512 513 before his death castro vehemently denied the magazine s claims calling them repugnant slander stating that his personal net worth was nil and that his income amounted to approximately 900 cuban pesos us 40 per month 510 the head of the cuban central bank also denied the possibility of castro accumulating such a large sum 510 marital history castro with his son ángel in 1954 the cuban government has never published an official marital history of castro with most information coming from defectors and scarce details published in state media 514 515 in his earlier years in power he showcased some of his family life in particular his eldest son fidelito to portray himself as a regular family man to the apprehensive american audience but abandoned that as he became more concerned about his safety 516 throughout his rule castro never named an official first lady and when the need for such a public female companion was necessary celia sánchez or raúl s wife vilma espín would play such a role of la primera dama 517 castro s first wife was mirta díaz balart whom he married in october 1948 she is the only spouse of castro acknowledged by the cuban government she was a student at the university of havana where she met and married castro she divorced him later in 1955 while he was in prison due to the attacks on the moncada barracks they had one son fidel ángel fidelito castro díaz balart born in september 1949 518 during his first marriage castro briefly encountered maria laborde an admirer from camagüey of whom very little is known and who has long been deceased they had one son jorge ángel castro born on 23 march 1949 it was long believed that his birth was in 1956 but sánchez and another defector uncovered that he was born earlier than fidelito this was confirmed by alina fernández who claimed that fidelito told her that jorge angel was around the same age as him 519 520 521 while married to mirta castro had an affair with natalia naty revuelta clews who gave birth to his daughter alina fernández revuelta 522 in 1956 castro s second and longest marriage was with dalia soto del valle an admirer who met castro during a speech in villa clara in 1961 she moved to havana on castro s initiative and later moved in with him at punto cero her relationship with castro was kept secret until 2006 when she was photographed 523 castro and dalia had five sons alexis 524 alex alejandro 525 antonio 526 and angelito 527 after the 1970s castro began a long relationship with juanita vera a colonel in the foreign intelligence service who joined his escort unit as his english interpreter she and castro had one son abel castro vera born in 1983 528 castro had another daughter francisca pupo born 1953 the result of a one night affair pupo and her husband now live in miami 529 another son known as ciro was born in the early 1960s the result of another brief fling his existence confirmed by celia sánchez 520 castro s family tree reception and legacy see also human rights in cuba list of awards and honours bestowed upon fidel castro and list of things named after fidel castro within cuba fidel s domination of every aspect of the government and the society remains total his personal needs for absolute control seems to have changed little over the years he remains committed to a disciplined society in which he is still determined to remake the cuban national character creating work orientated socially concerned individuals he wants to increase people s standard of living the availability of material goods and to import the latest technology but the economic realities despite rapid dramatic growth in the gross national product severely limit what cuba can buy on the world market peter bourne castro biographer 1986 530 one of the most controversial political leaders of his era 531 castro inspired and dismayed people around the world during his lifetime 532 533 534 he ruled a single party authoritarian regime in cuba 535 536 537 where political opposition was not permitted 538 539 540 censorship of information was extensive 541 542 and independent journalism was repressed 543 despite its small size and limited economic weight castro s cuba gained a large role in world affairs 544 the castro government relied heavily on its appeals to nationalistic sentiment in particular the widespread hostility to the us government 545 according to balfour castro s domestic popularity stemmed from the fact that he symbolized a long cherished hope of national liberation and social justice for much of the population 546 balfour also noted that throughout latin america castro served as a symbol of defiance against the continued economic and cultural imperialism of the united states 547 similarly wayne s smith the former chief of the united states interests section in havana noted that castro s opposition to us dominance and transformation of cuba into a significant world player resulted in him receiving warm applause throughout the western hemisphere 548 various western governments and human rights organizations nevertheless heavily criticized castro and he was widely reviled in the us 549 following castro s death us president elect donald trump called him a brutal dictator 550 while the cuban american politician marco rubio called him an evil murderous dictator who turned cuba into an impoverished island prison 551 castro publicly rejected the dictator label stating that he constitutionally held less power than most heads of state and that his government allowed for greater democratic involvement in policy making than western liberal democracies 552 nevertheless critics claim that castro wielded significant unofficial influence aside from his official duties 553 quirk stated that castro wielded absolute power in cuba albeit not in a legal or constitutional manner 554 while bourne claimed that power in cuba was completely invested in castro 555 adding that it was very rare for a country and a people to have been so completely dominated by the personality of one man 556 balfour stated that castro s moral and political hegemony within cuba diminished the opportunities for democratic debate and decision making 557 describing castro as a totalitarian dictator 558 sondrol suggested that in leading a political system largely of his own creation and bearing his indelible stamp castro s leadership style warranted comparisons with totalitarian leaders like mao zedong hideki tojo joseph stalin adolf hitler and benito mussolini 559 castro with ahmed ben bella principal leader of the algerian war of independence against french colonial rule ben bella was one of many political figures inspired by castro 560 noting that there were few more polarising political figures than castro amnesty international described him as a progressive but deeply flawed leader in their view he should be applauded for his regime s substantial improvements to healthcare and education but criticized for its ruthless suppression of freedom of expression 561 human rights watch stated that his government constructed a repressive machinery which deprived cubans of their basic rights 562 castro defended his government s record on human rights stating that the state was forced to limit the freedoms of individuals and imprison those involved in counter revolutionary activities to protect the rights of the collective populace such as the right to employment education and health care 563 historian and journalist richard gott considered castro to be one of the most extraordinary political figures of the twentieth century commenting that he had become a world hero in the mould of giuseppe garibaldi to people throughout the developing world for his anti imperialist efforts 564 balfour stated that castro s story had few parallels in contemporary history for there existed no other third world sic leader in the second half of the twentieth century who held such a prominent and restless part on the international stage or remained head of state for such a long period 531 bourne described castro as an influential world leader who commanded great respect from individuals of all political ideologies across the developing world 530 canadian prime minister justin trudeau described castro as a remarkable and larger than life leader who served his people 565 the european commission president jean claude juncker said that castro was a hero for many 566 russian president vladimir putin described castro as both a sincere and reliable friend of russia and a symbol of an era while chinese communist party general secretary xi jinping similarly referred to him as a close comrade and a sincere friend to china 567 indian prime minister narendra modi termed him one of the most iconic personalities of the 20th century and a great friend while south african president jacob zuma praised castro for aiding black south africans in our struggle against apartheid 567 he was awarded a wide variety of awards and honours from foreign governments and was cited as an inspiration for foreign leaders like ahmed ben bella 560 and nelson mandela 568 who awarded him south africa s highest civilian award for foreigners the order of good hope 569 the biographer volker skierka stated that he will go down in history as one of the few revolutionaries who remained true to his principles 570 see also history of cuba 1959 present notes for medical reasons presidential powers were transferred to the vice president from 31 july 2006 in 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