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isabella s was around 200 and the king was never alone but always accompanied by a number of earls bishops and barons each of whom had their own sizeable retinues we re talking about several thousand people plus a few hundred horses either being ridden pulling carts or carrying loads the logistics of it all are almost unfathomable just imagine being in charge of finding accommodation and food for all those people and animals october 1317 1 october edward had spent the night of 30 september to 1 october at monk bretton in yorkshire just outside barnsley he travelled sixteen miles to doncaster where he spent two nights 3 october eight miles from doncaster to tickhill 4 october twelve miles from tickhill to retford 5 october thirteen miles from retford to sutton on trent 6 october nine miles from sutton on trent to newark 7 october fifteen miles from newark to grantham where edward spent two nights 9 october twenty two miles from grantham to stamford 10 october eleven miles from stamford to fotheringhay 11 october sixteen miles from fotheringhay to molesworth 12 october sixteen miles from molesworth to st neots 13 october twenty miles from st neots to baldock 14 october eighteen miles from baldock to ware 15 october eleven miles from ware to waltham 16 october sixteen miles from waltham to westminster edward then spent the second half of october 1317 and until 5 november at westminster i make this a total of 203 miles that he travelled in just sixteen days with only two occasions when he spent more than one night in a location doncaster and grantham may 1326 on 1 and 2 may 1326 edward was at hailes abbey in gloucestershire which had been founded eighty years earlier by his great uncle richard of cornwall henry iii s brother 3 may twenty miles from hailes to barnsley the one in gloucestershire not the one in yorkshire mentioned above 4 may fourteen miles from barnsley to purton in wiltshire 5 may seventeen miles from purton to marlborough 6 and 7 may edward stayed in marlborough 8 may twenty seven miles from marlborough to cirencester 9 may eighteen miles from cirencester to gloucester 10 to 13 may edward stayed in gloucester 14 may nine miles from gloucester to coberley 15 may seventeen miles from coberley to down ampney 16 may twenty miles from down ampney to ogbourne st george 17 may four miles from ogbourne st george to marlborough again 18 19 may edward stayed in marlborough 20 may twenty five miles from marlborough to crookham 21 may sixteen miles from crookham to caversham 22 may fourteen miles from caversham to bisham 23 may twenty five miles from bisham to sheen 24 may edward stayed at sheen 25 may twenty eight miles from sheen to otford 26 may eighteen miles from otford to maidstone 27 may fourteen miles to charing the one in kent not charing cross in london 28 may twelve miles from charing to chartham 29 may eight miles from chartham to bishopsbourne 30 may fourteen miles from bishopsbourne to saltwood 31 may 1 to 6 june 1326 edward stayed at saltwood that s a remarkable 320 miles travelled in just one month and sojourns in several counties from gloucestershire in the southwest all the way over to kent in the southeast the longest daily journey was twenty eight miles edward ii s bodyguard of archers were not on horseback but ran alongside him on his horse we know this from an entry in edward s chamber account of 12 june 1326 when he bought his archers new hose made of linen and mentioned that it was a reward for running next to him in the hot weather can you imagine running twenty eight miles in one day that s longer than a marathon and the next day the archers had to run eighteen miles there were another five occasions in that one month of may 1326 when the journey in one day was twenty miles or more three hundred and twenty miles in thirty days wow posted by kathryn warner at 11 41 am 11 comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest 27 june 2023 the problem of hindsight there s an old joke that goes something like dear diary the hundred years war started today or imagine a novel written in the twenty first century and i m pretty sure there actually is one where something like this happens with a character whose husband is one of the american sailors stationed at pearl harbor and on 6 december 1941 she clings to him and cries out oh honey i have a strong feeling that something terrible is about to happen don t go to work tomorrow we d scoff that an author writing decades later in the full knowledge of what happened at pearl harbor on 7 december 1941 gives such implausible foresight to a character who s living through the events of the 1940s as they happen it s cheap and a bit silly it s obvious that human beings cannot foretell the future we all know that yet in some modern nonfiction writing about history it sometimes seems that they can too many writers seem to forget that people living through events didn t know how those events were going to end they didn t know that something momentous was just around the corner they didn t know years in advance that they were going to be involved in a particular event just because we decades or centuries later can construct a narrative where this happened then that happened as a result then something else happened as a result of that second thing doesn t mean that the people experiencing those events were aware of a narrative unfolding some writing on edward ii s reign is problematic to me because it looks at where people ended up and assumed that they had always intended to end up there and had planned it all as though they had some way of knowing how things were going to turn out i ll give some examples the first example concerns the possibility that when edward ii s queen isabella was visiting the french court in 1314 she revealed to her father philip iv that two of her sisters in law marguerite and blanche of burgundy were committing adultery i ve seen it argued that isabella did this deliberately to increase her english son s chances of inheriting the french throne one day by making her brothers children illegitimate this is of course written with the knowledge that edward iii did claim the french throne nearly a quarter of a century later in 1337 and thus began the hundred years war not that he could possibly have known that in april 1314 isabella s father was forty five and healthy and her brothers louis of navarre philip of poitiers and charles of la marche were twenty four about twenty two and nineteen going on twenty all three young men were married all were perfectly healthy as far we know and all had children how could isabella have anticipated that barely fourteen years later all four of these men would be dead without any male heirs how could she have anticipated that her brothers would all die in their twenties and early thirties how could she anticipated that their sons and her three brothers fathered at least four sons between them would all die in early childhood not to mention that her dynasty the capetians had managed an unbroken male line of succession to the french throne since as far back as 987 more than 300 years before isabella was born this is a classic example of history written with hindsight of knowing that edward iii of england claimed the french throne in 1337 and assuming that his mother somehow had foreknowledge of this or had planned for it to happen and thus manipulated events so that it might come to pass as early as 1314 when edward was a toddler for all three of isabella s brothers to die comparatively young and for all four or more of their sons to die in childhood was a series of relatively improbable events which she could not have anticipated for all isabella knew in 1314 her brothers might all live into their fifties or sixties and father six or ten or twelve healthy sons between them and the capetians might manage another 300 years of male succession to the throne of france another example is the way that roger mortimer s escape from the tower of london in august 1323 was with hindsight an important early step that would ultimately lead to the downfall of edward ii in late 1326 and early 1327 we can see that that doesn t mean that anyone in 1323 knew it even if roger himself and the people who helped him to flee had an idea that his being at liberty might cause edward ii and hugh despenser the younger problems in some way this doesn t mean that he and his allies had the specific ultimate goal that his escape would end up forcing edward to abdicate it doesn t mean that roger knew for years that he was the man fated to bring down a king and that every action he took every conversation he had and every journey he made was intended to take a step towards that objective yet this is the way his escape and his life on the continent between 1323 and 1326 are sometimes written surely it s more plausible that roger escaped from the tower without any clear idea of what he was going to do in the future and fled to the continent because he had relatives his mother s family the fiennes and friends there beyond edward ii s reach who would help him and shelter him he was after all a fugitive with no income and no home roger mortimer did not know in 1323 that some years later he would return to his homeland and would thanks to his association with queen isabella become hugely wealthy and influential he didn t know that he would become the co ruler of england and wales during edward iii s minority after playing a vital role in edward ii s downfall that he would end his life on the tyburn gallows that a dramatist christopher marlowe born 234 years after his death would feature him as an important character in one of his plays and that he would be famous down the centuries as an example of an over mighty royal favourite for all roger knew in 1323 edward ii who wasn t even forty then and was a fit strong healthy man was going to live for another twenty five or thirty years and he roger might die of old age or ill health without ever seeing his homeland and his family again dependent on the goodwill and support of others we with the benefit of hindsight can create a narrative of historical events that was absolutely not apparent to people who were living through the events in question and had no way of knowing how things were going to turn out event w happened and a result event x happened and a result of that event y happened and a result of that event z happened just because we know that event w set a series of dominoes in motion that ultimately years later resulted in event z does not necessarily mean that the people involved in event w intended to bring about event z it s like claiming that when gavrilo princip assassinated archduke franz ferdinand in sarajevo in 1914 which triggered the start of the first world war he did so with the intention of bringing about the horror of the trenches the deaths of millions of people the collapse of various european monarchies and everything else that happened as a result of ww1 this seems astonishingly unlikely to say the least boris johnson was once sacked from the times for writing a story about edward ii cavorting at his thames side house of la rosere which he acquired in october 1324 with piers gaveston who was killed in june 1312 and fabricating a quote about it from his historian godfather seriously this is true johnson went to work at the telegraph instead and later became editor of the spectator he parlayed his years of experience as a political journalist into a career in politics ultimately becoming prime minister imagine if a biography of him in the future claimed that he deliberately got himself sacked from the times as an important first step in his aim of becoming pm one day as though he knew many years in advance that he was destined to be pm edward ii s reign and downfall have sometimes been written a bit like this as though certain special people who lived through it had knowledge of the future and their own important role in it it makes isabella of france and roger mortimer seem cunningly machiavellian to an extent that seems wildly improbable and implausible they don t make short term or fairly random decisions like normal people everything they do is planned years in advance and ten steps ahead of everyone else they have a global overview of everything that s going on and are able to manoeuvre everyone into position and edward ii and hugh depenser unwittingly fall into their cleverly laid traps at every turn and without knowing it do exactly what isabella and roger want them to do isabella and roger can t just react to events as they occur and make decisions based on the limited information they have at the time they are key players in a years long europe wide conspiracy to bring down the king of england and manage to communicate with their fellow conspirators across borders without leaving a trace on written record isabella can t just assuming she ever did this in the first place tell her father that her sisters in law have taken other men as lovers because she s worried that a non royal child might be foisted onto the french throne or because she s concerned about her brothers dignity and about her family s royal bloodline she has to be plotting her english son s possible accession to her french father s throne many years in the future another example is isabella s journey to france in march 1325 when she negotiated a peace settlement between her husband and her brother charles iv who had gone to war in 1324 it s entirely possible that she had some idea of using her sojourn in her homeland to improve the intolerable situation in which she found herself with hugh despenser the younger dominating edward ii s government and determined to sideline the queen as much as possible yet even here in the story as it s now often told isabella has to scheme and plot and manipulate everyone including pope john xxii to ensure that she does indeed get sent to france because in this narrative she s already in cahoots with roger mortimer and helped him escape from the tower because she s in love with him and conspiring with him to bring down her husband long before march 1325 she s secretly in touch with roger on the continent at least indirectly via intermediaries and is dying to join him there so they can continue to scheme against edward together get rid of him and subsequently enjoy the wonderful romantic relationship together that they know is their destiny while ruling england in her son s name and lo and behold edward duly falls into isabella s cunning trap and sends her to france without the faintest idea that his wife is plotting his downfall behind his back with her lover and has manipulated him into doing what she wants and that he s essentially digging his own grave gosh imagine six months later in september 1325 he unwittingly does the exact thing that isabella wants him to do yet again and sends his son to france as well to pay homage to charles iv be...
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