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axilla wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 structure toggle structure subsection 1 1 boundaries 1 2 contents 2 society and culture toggle society and culture subsection 2 1 tickling 2 2 underarm hair 3 clinical significance toggle clinical significance subsection 3 1 lymphogenic spread of breast cancer 3 2 axillary intertrigo 4 see also 5 notes 6 external links toggle the table of contents axilla 89 languages aragonés العربية ܐܪܡܝܐ atikamekw basa bali boarisch bikol central bajau sama беларуская betawi български भोजपुरी banjar বাংলা བོད ཡིག brezhoneg català 閩東語 mìng dĕ̤ng ngṳ̄ کوردی čeština чӑвашла dansk deutsch ελληνικά emiliàn e rumagnòl esperanto español euskara فارسی suomi français arpetan frysk gaeilge 贛語 gàidhlig galego avañe ẽ bahasa hulontalo 客家語 hak kâ ngî עברית हिन्दी bahasa indonesia ido íslenska italiano 日本語 ಕನ್ನಡ 한국어 latina lietuvių latviešu македонски монгол bahasa melayu مازِرونی नेपाली nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski پښتو português română русский sicilianu scots سنڌي srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenščina српски srpski sunda svenska kiswahili తెలుగు ไทย tagalog türkçe українська اردو vèneto vepsän kel winaray 吴语 vahcuengh 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia area of the human body beneath the joint between arm and torso this article is about the anatomical body part for the 5th century bce roman consul see gaius servilius axilla underarm and underarms redirect here for other uses see underarm disambiguation axilla human axilla details artery axillary artery vein axillary vein nerve axillary nerve medial cord posterior cord lateral cord lymph axillary lymph nodes identifiers latin axilla mesh d001365 ta98 a01 1 00 021 ta2 140 fma 24864 anatomical terminology edit on wikidata the axilla pl axillae or axillas also known as the armpit underarm or oxter is the area on the human body directly under the shoulder joint it includes the axillary space an anatomical space within the shoulder girdle between the arm and the thoracic cage bounded superiorly by the imaginary plane between the superior borders of the first rib clavicle and scapula above which are considered part of the neck medially by the serratus anterior muscle and thoracolumbar fascia anteriorly by the pectoral muscles and posteriorly by the subscapularis teres major and latissimus dorsi muscle the soft skin covering the lateral axilla contains many hair and sweat glands in humans the formation of body odor happens mostly in the axilla 1 these odorant substances have been suggested by some to serve as pheromones which play a role related to mate selection although this is a controversial topic within the scientific community 2 the underarms seem more important than the pubic area for emitting body odor which may be related to human bipedalism 3 structure edit boundaries edit anatomically the boundaries of the axilla are superiorly by the outer border of first rib superior border of scapula and posterior border of clavicle 4 medially serratus anterior 5 and by the ribcage anteriorly by the pectoralis major minor 6 and subclavius 5 posteriorly by the subscapularis above and teres major and latissimus dorsi below 5 laterally by the humerus and the surrounding muscles of the arm coracobrachialis and biceps brachii 7 floor base by the skin 4 visible surface of axilla the lower posterior boundary is called the posterior axillary fold and this is a compound structure consisting of the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles 8 it can descend after weight loss 9 the anterior boundary is called the anterior axillary fold and this is rounded in shape and formed by the lower border of the pectoralis major some sources also include the pectoralis minor 8 it can elongate after weight loss 9 the contents of the axilla include the axillary vein and artery as well as the brachial plexus lymph nodes and fat the axilla is the space between the side of the thorax and the upper arm contents edit axillary artery and its branches axillary vein and its tributaries infraclavicular part of the brachial plexus long thoracic and intercostobrachial nerves five groups of axillary lymph nodes and the associated lymphatics axillary fat and areolar tissue in which the other contents are embedded anatomy of the axilla superficial muscles of the chest and front of the arm axillary artery and its branches anterior view of right upper limb and thorax the veins of the right axilla viewed from in front the right brachial plexus infraclavicular portion in the axillary fossa viewed from below and in front the left side of the thorax axilla axilla axilla axilla axilla axilla axilla society and culture edit the term underarm typically refers to the outer surface of the axilla however the terms are sometimes used interchangeably in casual contexts colloquially underarm refers to the hollow beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder 10 tickling edit main article tickling the underarm is a ticklish area due to the number of nerves it contains most people find this area to be particularly unpleasant when tickled citation needed underarm hair edit main article underarm hair underarm hair usually grows in the underarms of both females and males beginning in adolescence in some modern western cultures it is common for older women to remove underarm hair some view this practice as an aesthetic matter while others view its removal for health related concerns 11 as underarm hair grows quickly removal must be performed frequently or stubble will appear in the axilla in most culture and scenes women retain their underarm hair for a variety of reasons from subversion to egalitarianism to comfort or for hygienic reason 12 conversely but uncommonly some men choose to remove their underarm hair for aesthetic reasons or to reduce friction in sports such as swimming shaved underarm normal underarm clinical significance edit like other flexion surfaces of large joints groin popliteal fossa cubital fossa and essentially the anterior part of the neck it is an area where blood vessels and nerves pass relatively superficially and with an increased amount of lymph nodes lymphogenic spread of breast cancer edit breast cancer typically spreads via lymphatic vessels to the lymph nodes found in the axilla 13 axillary intertrigo edit excessive perspiration without adequate air circulation can result in axillary intertrigo intertrigo is an inflammatory skin condition of skin folds exposed to friction or maceration in the presence of heat and moisture 14 intertrigo is worsened by infection usually fungal candida yeast species but also bacterial or viral warm wet underarms promote those growths the condition results in rash like symptoms pustules or chronic itching or burning in the underarm 14 intertrigo in any site has no racial or sexual predilection 14 axillary intertrigo is common among those who work in hot environments where air circulation is restricted by necessary clothing or safety equipment 15 see also edit deodorant perspiration popliteal fossa or knee pit suspensory ligament of axilla notes edit turkington carol dover jeffrey s 2007 the encyclopedia of skin and skin disorders 3rd ed new york facts on file p 363 isbn 978 0 8160 6403 8 drea christine m february 2015 d scent of man a comparative survey of primate chemosignaling in relation to sex hormones and behavior 68 117 133 doi 10 1016 j yhbeh 2014 08 001 pmid 25118943 s2cid 2973690 the oxford handbook of evolutionary psychology edited by robin dunbar and louise barret oxford university press 2007 chapter 22 body odours and body odour preferences in humans by claus wedekind a b anaesthesia uk anaesthesiauk applied anatomy for upper limb blocks archived from the original on 2008 10 16 retrieved 2007 12 23 a b c lab 4 pectoral region introduction to the axilla retrieved 2007 12 23 dissector answers axilla and arm archived from the original on 2007 12 10 retrieved 2007 12 23 stingl josef et al 2012 regional anatomy prague galén p 95 isbn 978 80 7262 931 2 a b lesson3axilla at the anatomy lesson by wesley norman georgetown university a b hurwitz d neavin t 2007 body contouring of the arms and brachioplasty handchirurgie mikrochirurgie plastische chirurgie 39 3 168 72 doi 10 1055 s 2007 965236 pmid 17602378 definition of armpit merriam webster online dictionary archived from the original on 15 december 2007 retrieved 2007 12 23 lanzalaco anthony vanoosthuyze kristina swaile david et al 2016 a comparative clinical study of different hair removal procedures and their impact on axillary odor reduction in men journal of cosmetic dermatology 5 1 58 65 doi 10 1111 jocd 12197 pmc 4793925 pmid 26663394 the new feminist armpit hair revolution half statement half ornament guardian news media 24 june 2019 retrieved 2021 06 22 bertozzi serena cedolini carla londero ambrogio p baita barbara giacomuzzi francesco capobianco decio tortelli marta uzzau alessandro mariuzzi laura risaliti andrea january 2019 sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients affected by breast ductal carcinoma in situ with and without microinvasion retrospective observational study medicine 98 1 e13831 doi 10 1097 md 0000000000013831 issn 1536 5964 pmc 6344146 pmid 30608397 a b c selden samuel intertrigo emedicine webmd march 9 2007 accessed may 21 2009 gardner stephanie s 14 june 2020 intertrigo webmd retrieved june 22 2021 external links edit look up axilla in wiktionary the free dictionary wikimedia commons has media related to armpits step by step video dissection of the human axilla showing all relevant anatomy 3d animated overview of axillary anatomy rich media lesson3axilla at the anatomy lesson by wesley norman georgetown university lesson3axillarywalls at the anatomy lesson by wesley norman georgetown university v t e human regional anatomy body skin head hair face forehead cheek chin eyebrow eye eyelid nose mouth lip tongue tooth ear jaw mandible occiput scalp temple neck adam s apple throat nape torso trunk abdomen waist midriff navel vertebral column back thorax breast nipple pelvis genitalia penis scrotum vulva buttocks anus limbs arm shoulder axilla elbow forearm wrist hand finger fingernail thumb index middle ring little leg hip thigh knee calf foot ankle heel toe toenail sole authority control databases terminologia anatomica retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title axilla oldid 1338082608 categories upper limb anatomy axillas hidden categories cs1 unfit url articles with short description short description is different from wikidata all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from february 2025 commons category link is locally defined this page was last edited on 13 february 2026 at 03 38 utc text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents axilla 89 languages add topic
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