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thm and blues and the independent record business was dominated by young jewish men who promoted the sounds of black music 119 for example milt gabler was born to jewish immigrants and grew up in harlem in the late 1930s he created his own record label commodore records primarily recording producing and promoting black singers and groups gabler recorded many of the leading jazz artists of the day 120 in 1939 he released the billie holiday hit song strange fruit on commodore boosting her career with what time magazine 60 years later named best song of the century based on the success of commodore the major label decca records recruited and hired gabler in 1941 121 his jewish brother in law jack crystal father of billy crystal took over commodore at decca gabler worked with many of the biggest stars of the 1940s producing a series of hits as well as being the first to bring louis armstrong and ella fitzgerald together on record decca then placed him in charge of their subsidiary label coral where he continued to advance the careers of black musicians including the ink spots sammy davis jr and louis jordan gabler was responsible for many innovations in the recording industry of the 20th century these included being the first person to deal in record reissues the first to sell records by mail order and the first to credit all the musicians on the recordings in 1991 gabler received the grammy trustees award from the recording academy for his significant contributions to the field of recording 122 in 1993 he was inducted into the rock and roll hall of fame by his nephew billy crystal 123 british rhythm and blues edit main article british rhythm and blues eric burdon the animals 1964 british rhythm and blues and blues rock developed in the early 1960s largely as a response to the recordings of american artists often brought over by african american servicemen stationed in britain or seamen visiting ports such as london liverpool newcastle and belfast 124 125 many bands particularly in the developing london club scene tried to emulate black rhythm and blues performers resulting in a rawer or grittier sound than the more popular beat groups 126 during the 1960s geno washington the foundations and the equals gained pop hits 127 many british black musicians helped form the british r b scene these included geno washington an american singer stationed in england with the air force he was invited to join what became geno washington the ram jam band by guitarist pete gage in 1965 and enjoyed top 40 hit singles and two top 10 albums before the band split up in 1969 128 another american gi jimmy james born in jamaica moved to london after two local number one hits in 1960 with the vagabonds who built a strong reputation as a live act they released a live album and their studio debut the new religion in 1966 and achieved moderate success with a few singles before the original vagabonds broke up in 1970 129 white blues rock musician alexis korner formed new jazz rock band ccs in 1970 130 interest in the blues would influence major british rock musicians including eric clapton mick taylor peter green and john mayall the groups free and cream adopted an interest in a wider range of rhythm and blues styles 126 steve winwood is known for his influential r b work with the spencer davis group and traffic the rolling stones became the second most popular uk band after the beatles 131 and led the british invasion of the us pop charts 126 the rolling stones covered bobby womack the valentinos 132 song it s all over now giving them their first uk number one in 1964 133 under the influence of blues and r b bands such as the rolling stones the yardbirds and the animals and more jazz influenced bands like the graham bond organisation and zoot money had blue eyed soul albums 126 white r b musicians popular in the uk included steve winwood frankie miller scott walker the walker brothers the animals from newcastle 134 the spencer davis group and van morrison them from belfast 126 none of these bands exclusively played rhythm and blues but it remained at the core of their early albums 126 champion jack dupree was a new orleans blues and boogie woogie pianist who toured europe and settled there from 1960 living in switzerland and denmark then in halifax england in the 1970s and 1980s before finally settling in germany 135 average white band and ian dury released funky singles from the 1970s to 1980s carl douglas hot chocolate delegation junior central line princess jaki graham loose ends the pasadenas ruby turner and soul ii soul gained hits on the pop or r b charts 136 uk r b acts who gained success during the 1990s include mark morrison eternal the chimes carleen anderson d influence nu colourz omar and bryan powell 137 the music of the british mod subculture grew out of rhythm and blues and later soul performed by artists who were not available to the small london clubs where the scene originated 138 in the late 1960s the who performed american r b songs such as the motown hit heat wave a song which reflected the young mod lifestyle 138 many of these bands enjoyed national success in the uk but found it difficult to break into the american music market 138 the british white r b bands produced music which was very different in tone from that of african american artists 126 see also edit wikiquote has quotations related to rhythm and blues rhythm and blues portal african american music list of r b musicians list of artists who reached number one on the billboard r b chart lists of billboard number one rhythm and blues hits music of the united states references edit 1 2 3 4 jessie carney smith ed encyclopedia of african american popular culture greenwood 2011 p 1163 1 2 3 4 5 6 puryear mark september 20 2016 tell it like it is a history of rhythm and blues folklife magazine smithsonian institution archived from the original on march 9 2021 sacks leo august 29 1993 the soul of jerry wexler the new york times archived 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